复方苦瓜胶囊降血糖活性的初步观察

目的 观察复方苦瓜胶囊的降血糖作用.方法 给小鼠注射四氧嘧啶建立高血糖动物模型,然后随机分成3个实验组(225 mg/kg,450 mg/kg、900 mg/kg)和1个模型对照组,连续灌胃受试物30 d后比较实验组和对照组的空腹血糖、血糖下降百分率及糖耐量值,同时用正常小鼠进行降低空腹血糖实验.结果 高血糖模型小鼠的复方苦瓜胶囊900 mg/kg和450 mg/kg剂量组的空腹血糖明显低于模型对照组(P＜0.01),血糖下降百分率明显大于模型对照组(P＜0.01),高血糖模型小鼠的糖耐量值和正常小鼠的空腹血糖未见受到明显影响.结论 复方苦瓜胶囊具有降低小鼠空腹血糖的作用,而对糖耐量和正常小鼠的空腹血糖无明显影响.     

五味子不同提取成分对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的:研究五味子不同提取成分对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响。方法:选取五味子将其分为4份,分别经过水、乙酸乙酯、乙醇以及石油醚等4种不同溶剂,获得4种不同的提取成分,然后制作糖尿病小鼠模型。将70只小鼠分为正常对照组(9只)和糖尿病小鼠模型组(61只)。将建模成功的54只糖尿病小鼠模型随机分为糖尿病组、阳性对照组、水提取物组、乙酸乙酯提取物组、乙醇提取物组和石油醚提取物组,每组各9只。将不同的提取物分别给糖尿病小鼠灌下,观察不同组糖尿病小鼠的体重、饮食、饮水变化,并及时的测定糖尿病小鼠体内血糖以及胰岛素的水平,并进行比较分析。结果:这4种不同的提取物中,水提取物以及乙醇提取物可以明显降低小鼠的血糖,提高胰岛素的分泌水平;而乙酸乙酯提取物以及石油醚提取物改善糖尿病小鼠的效果不明显。水提取物和乙醇提取物相比较,在改善糖尿病小鼠方面,乙醇组小鼠表现的更好一些,但是这两者之间的差异不明显。结论:五味子不同提取成分对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响具有差异性,水提取物以及乙醇提取物可明显的改善血糖变化,乙酸乙酯和石油醚的提取物对小鼠血糖的改善不明显。     

苦瓜醇提取物降血糖作用动物实验研究

目的观察苦瓜醇提取物对II型糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法采用高脂饲料喂饲断乳小鼠制备II型糖尿病模型,选血糖≥8mmol/L者分入对照组和2个剂量组。剂量组分别给予0.125g/kg·bw、0.500g/kg·bw剂量的苦瓜醇提取物。30d后测定小鼠空腹血糖、糖耐量、血生化指标和血清MDA含量、SOD活力。同步给予正常小鼠0.500g/kg·bw剂量的苦瓜醇提取物观察其对正常小鼠血糖的影响。结果与高血糖模型小鼠对照组相比,苦瓜醇提取物0.500g/kg·bw剂量组空腹血糖显著降低(P0.05),实验前后血糖下降百分率显著提高(P0.01),糖耐量显著改善(P0.05)。0.125g/kg.bw、0.500g/kg.bw剂量组高血糖小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶显著降低(P0.05),0.500g/kg.bw剂量组血清白蛋白、尿素氮显著降低(P0.01)。各剂量对高血糖小鼠的其它生化指标、血清MDA含量、SOD活力无显著影响。苦瓜醇提取物对正常小鼠的血糖无显著影响。结论苦瓜醇提取物可降低II型糖尿病小鼠的高血糖,改善糖耐量,但可导致血清白蛋白降低。临床上应用时应加注意。     

异叶青兰提取物平喘止咳作用的实验研究

目的:研究异叶青兰提取物的止咳平喘作用.方法:建立组胺/乙酰胆碱(HA/Ach)引喘实验模型及氨雾致小鼠咳嗽模型,将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组及提取物低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组共5组,测定氨雾致咳反应及小鼠引喘潜伏期.结果:与模型组相比,3种剂量提取物能拮抗HA/Ach诱发的小鼠药物性哮喘和延长氨水致咳的潜伏期,咳嗽次数减少.结论:异叶青兰提取物具有明显的止咳平喘作用.     

刺五加提取物治疗糖尿病小鼠血清UPLC-MS/MS代谢组学研究

目的 采用UPLC-MS/MS法分析糖尿病模型小鼠血清代谢物组,并对刺五加提取物的降糖作用进行探讨.方法 建立链脲佐菌素(STZ)联合四氧嘧啶诱导2型糖尿病(T2DM)小鼠模型,观察刺五加提取物对模型小鼠空腹血糖的影响;采用多元分析方法研究各组小鼠血清代谢物组及变化规律,通过在线数据库及自建数据库鉴定差异代谢物;借助MetPA在线数据库分析代谢通路.结果 成功建立T2DM模型;与模型组相比,刺五加提取物组小鼠空腹血糖明显降低.代谢组学研究结果显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组中苯丙氨酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱(LysoPC,16:0,18:0)、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、尿素和β-羟丁酸显著上调,丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、亮氨酸、缬氨酸和乳酸显著下调.通路富集结果显示,5条通路与糖尿病关系密切.与模型组相比,刺五加苷和刺五加多糖组小鼠上述代谢物水平均不同程度地向正常转归.结论 刺五加提取物具有降糖作用,其机制可能与调节氨基酸、能量及脂代谢相关.     

金银花提取物对LPS诱导的急性前部葡萄膜炎小鼠的抗炎作用及其机制

目的:探讨金银花提取物对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性前部葡萄膜炎(AAU)小鼠的抗炎作用,并阐明其作用机制.方法:将50只BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,低、中和高剂量金银花提取物组,每组10只.低、中和高剂量金银花提取物组小鼠灌胃给予250、500和750 mg·kg-1金银花提取物,对照组和模型组小鼠均给予等...     

远志复方不同提取物对小鼠学习记忆的作用

目的:研究远志复方不同提取物改善小鼠记忆的作用。方法:采用腹腔注射东莨菪碱造成小鼠学习记忆障碍模型。84只小鼠分为空白组、模型组、阳性组、汤剂组、水提物组、乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组。通过跳台实验和检测大鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)含量,研究远志复方不同提取物改善记忆的作用。结果:与模型组比较,跳台实验中各治疗组潜伏期延长(P<0.05,P<0.01),跳下次数减少(P<0.01),小鼠大脑皮层AchE含量降低(P<0.01)。结论:远志复方不同提取物可以显著提高小鼠记忆功能,且正丁醇提取物作用最明显。     

青海楤木不同提取物对小鼠血糖的影响

目的:通过2型糖尿病的小鼠动物模型来研究青海楤木不同提取物的降血糖作用。方法:小鼠作为研究对象,通过采用高脂高糖饲料喂养,同时采用低剂量链脲佐菌素法来建造2型糖尿病模型。通过尾静脉采血用血糖测定仪测空腹血糖,以血糖大于11.1 mmol/L为造模成功小鼠。将50只造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、阳性组(盐酸二甲双胍)、楤木正丁醇组、楤木乙酸乙酯组、楤木乙醚组、另有一组空白对照组。对各组小鼠分别于造模前、造模后、用药7d和14d用血糖测定仪来测定小鼠空腹尾静脉血糖。结果:青海楤木各溶剂提取物对2型糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖有一定程度降低,其中楤木乙酸乙酯提取物组降糖效果最为明显(P0.01),血糖基本恢复至正常值。结论:青海楤木不同溶剂提取物对由链脲佐霉素所致的糖尿病小鼠的2型糖尿病的血糖有较明显的降低作用。     

中药复方对db/db糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的研究中药复方对db/db糖尿病小鼠的治疗效果,为其应用于临床提供理论依据。方法 8周龄的db/db和db/m小鼠分为5组:A:db/m正常小鼠对照组;B:db/db糖尿病小鼠对照组;C:db/db糖尿病小鼠中药组[0.1 346g/kg.d];D:吡考啉酸铬组[0.0 032g/kg.d]。db/m正常小鼠对照组和db/db糖尿病小鼠对照组每日灌服生理盐水0.2mL,各组液体体积均相同,均连续4周。测定各组小鼠血糖、胰岛素、血脂和糖化血红蛋白,观察小鼠体质量以及24h进水量和进食量。结果中药复方组降血糖作用明显强于吡考啉酸铬组,同时能够降低胰岛素抵抗,保护胰岛功能,改善糖尿病小鼠"三多一少"等症状。结论中药复方对db/db糖尿病小鼠具有良好的治疗效果。     

茶花提取物对实验性糖负荷小鼠糖吸收的抑制作用

目的：研究茶花提取物对实验性糖负荷小鼠糖吸收的抑制作用。方法雄性昆明种小鼠分为糖负荷模型组、阿卡波糖（6.25 mg/kg）对照组、茶花提取物150及300 mg/kg剂量组,每组8只小鼠。模型组分别以葡萄糖（2 g/kg）、蔗糖（4 g/kg）和淀粉（6 g/kg）灌胃建立3种糖负荷餐后高血糖模型,给药组小鼠糖负荷前1 d及30 min分别灌胃给予阿卡波糖或茶花提取物,检测糖负荷后不同时间小鼠的血糖水平,探讨茶花提取物对小鼠糖吸收的影响。采用酶标法检测茶花提取物对体外和小鼠小肠黏膜α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果茶花提取物（150和300 mg/kg）及阿卡波糖（6.25 mg/kg）对葡萄糖负荷小鼠血糖水平的影响无显著性差异,但能明显降低蔗糖负荷20 min时的小鼠血糖水平（P＜0.05）,能明显降低淀粉负荷20 min和40 min时小鼠血糖水平（P＜0.05）。茶花提取物150和300 mg/kg对小鼠小肠黏膜α-葡糖苷酶活性的抑制率分别为18.8%和31.1%,茶花提取物对α-葡糖苷酶的体外抑制活性（IC50值）为1.50 mg/ml。结论茶花提取物能有效降低糖负荷后的血糖水平,其作用机制可能与抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.