苍术麸炒后增量成分研 究简

目的 明确苍术麸炒后的增量成分并建立该成分的含量测定方法.方法 采用高效液相色谱法对生苍术和麸炒苍术的色谱图进行比较,并与对照品进行比对,确定麸炒后的增量成分;增量成分的含量测定采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件为Tigerkin C18（5 μm,4.6 mm＆#215;250 mm）色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-水（5：95）;检测波长为284 nm;柱温为25℃;流速为1.0 mL/min.结果 5-羟甲基糠醛是苍术麸炒后的主要增量成分;测定了14个不同地区市售苍术片及自制的麸炒苍术片中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量,发现麸炒苍术中该成分的量高于生苍术片2倍以上.结论 麸炒导致苍术中5-羟甲基糠醛的含量增加.     

苍术及其麸炒品对小鼠特异性免疫功能的影响

目的 比较生苍术及麸炒苍术对提高免疫低下小鼠免疫功能调节作用的差异.方法 采用血清溶血素试验法,比较了生苍术及其麸炒品对小鼠特异性免疫功能的影响.结果 苍术经麸炒后在提高溶血素水平方面较生品有更强的作用.结论 苍术经麸炒后较生品具有更强的增强体液免疫的作用,与麸炒苍术用法相符合,为进一步阐明麸炒苍术的炮制机理奠定了理论基础.     

麸炒苍术标准汤剂的质量评价

[目的] 建立麸炒苍术标准汤剂的质量评价方法,为麸炒苍术汤剂和配方颗粒等常用剂型的质量控制提供参考依据。[方法] 收集合格的18批麸炒苍术饮片,制备相应标准汤剂,采用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法测定指标成分绿原酸的含量,计算相应转移率及出膏率,并建立麸炒苍术标准汤剂指纹图谱,采用液相-质谱联用（LC-MS）法对共有峰进行结构确认。[结果] 18批麸炒苍术标准汤剂出膏率为30.4%~41.4%,绿原酸含量为0.121~0.745 mg/g,转移率为30.7%~79.5%,麸炒苍术标准汤剂指纹图谱共标定18个共有峰,相似度均在0.90以上,并确认5-羟甲基糠醛、绿原酸、咖啡酸等特征峰。[结论] 麸炒苍术标准汤剂制备规范,工艺稳定,检测方法的精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可为麸炒苍术标准汤剂终端产品的质量控制提供参考。     

平胃散中麸炒苍术用生苍术替代前后药效学比较研究

目的：探讨平胃散中君药麸炒苍术用生苍术替代前后健脾作用的差异。方法：70只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性药组及高、低剂量生苍术入药平胃散组和高、低剂量麸炒苍术入药平胃散组。除对照组外,大鼠均用大黄浓煎剂灌胃造模;各用药组再经上述药液干预治疗。检测各组大鼠血清中血管活性肠肽（VIP）、一氧化氮（NO）、胃泌素（GAS）、淀粉酶（AMS）、D-木糖分泌的影响。结果：造模后,对照组与模型组比较,体质量、进食量及各项血清指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;各治疗组与模型组比较,体质量、进食量及各项血清指标差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;麸炒苍术入药平胃散组与相同剂量生苍术入药平胃散组血清GAS差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,麸炒高组与生高组血清NO、D-木糖差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：平胃散通过调节血清NO、GAS、D-木糖等起到治疗湿困脾胃证的作用,且麸炒苍术入药的平胃散之药效明显优于生苍术入药者,证明平胃散中选用麸炒苍术入药的合理性和科学性。     

苍术药材及其饮片的质量评价

目的:从性状、薄层色谱、含量测定几个方面对苍术药材及其饮片的真伪进行鉴别和质量评价.方法:采用2015年版《中国药典》方法对不同产地的苍术药材、饮片和麸炒苍术饮片进行检验.结果:72批苍术药材和饮片中有14批不合格,其中2批掺伪,12批伪品,合格率仅为80.6％,不合格率高达19.4％.所检验的不合格品均为麸炒苍术饮片,不合格原因主要是真伪掺杂.结论:本文着重对不同产地苍术药材和饮片进行质量评价,为监管部门严格苍术药材和饮片管理、保障公众用药安全提供数据和技术支持.     

麸炒苍术不同提取物对小鼠脾虚泄泻的影响

目的探究麸炒苍术水提物、醇提物、二氯甲烷部位对脾虚泄泻模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法选用番泻叶水煎液灌胃制备大鼠脾虚模型。考察麸炒苍术水提物、醇提物、二氯甲烷萃取物对脾虚小鼠体质量、腹泻等级、粪便含水率、血清淀粉酶、D-木糖水平及肠内短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响,并做肠道病理学进行观察。结果与模型组比较,麸炒苍术水提物、醇提物、二氯甲烷部位均可显著减轻腹泻等级、缓解脾虚泻引起的体质量增长迟缓,降低粪便含水率,增加血清D-木糖及肠内短链脂肪酸含量,减轻肠黏膜损伤,此外麸炒苍术二氯甲烷部位组血清淀粉酶水平较模型组显著提高。结论麸炒苍术水提物、醇提物、二氯甲烷部位均能明显拮抗番泻叶所致小鼠脾虚泻,麸炒苍术二氯甲烷部位对于脾虚泻引起消化吸收功能降低能起到最好的改善作用。     

气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测法考察生炒茅苍术中β-桉叶醇及茅术醇含量变化

目的考察麸炒对茅苍术中β-桉叶醇及茅术醇含量的影响,为茅苍术的炮制研究提供实验依据。方法采用气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测法(GC-FID)检测茅苍术麸炒前后β-桉叶醇及茅术醇的含量,HP-5(30 m×320μm×0.25μm)石英毛细管柱,氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),检测器温度300℃,进样口温度200℃,不分流进样,载气为高纯氮气,程序升温。结果不同地区的茅苍术中茅术醇和β-桉叶醇的含量差别较大。生品茅苍术经麸炒之后茅术醇和β-桉叶醇的含量均有所下降,β-桉叶醇减少率为12.80%～25.99%,茅术醇减少率为8.13%～22.47%。结论麸炒能够降低茅苍术中茅术醇和β-桉叶醇的含量,与茅苍术炮制后可去油以减缓燥性的传统炮制理论相一致。     

苍术炒焦后氯仿部位增量成分初步研究

目的观察苍术炒焦后氯仿部位的增量成分,并初步建立其含量测定方法。方法对苍术炒焦前后高效液相色谱法(HPLC)色谱图进行比较,确定苍术炒焦后氯仿部位增量明显的色谱峰;进一步分离纯化、鉴定增量化合物结构;采用高效液相色谱法测定确定的增量成分含量,色谱条件为Agilent C_(18)(5 m,4.6mm×250mm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水(5∶95),检测波长284nm,柱温25℃,流速1.0mL/min,进样量为10L。结果苍术炒焦后5-羟甲基糠醛等7个成分含量显著增加,主要增量成分之一确定为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF);测定道地产区6个不同批次的苍术及焦苍术片中5-HMF的平均含量分别为0.0057%,0.105%,其结果表明苍术炒焦后5-HMF的含量是生苍术的15倍以上。结论苍术炒焦后增量成分中5-HMF增加极显著,该结果为阐释苍术炒焦后药效变化提供了物质基础支撑。     

基于GC-MS的温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物对小鼠脾虚泄泻的作用研究

〖H探究温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物对脾虚泄泻模型小鼠的治疗作用。方法 选用番泻叶水煎液制备大鼠脾虚模型。检测温运合剂及其麸炒苍术水提物不同剂量对粪便内短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）水平的影响。结果 与模型组比较,麸炒苍术水提物低剂量组小鼠粪便中的丙酸水平明显升高,麸炒苍术水提物高剂量组小鼠粪便中的丙酸、异戊酸水平明显升高,温运合剂高低剂量组均能显著提高小鼠粪便中的乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸水平。结论 温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物均能明显拮抗番泻叶所致小鼠脾虚泻,提高短链脂肪酸水平可能是温运合剂及其君药麸炒苍术水提物发挥运脾止泻功效的作用机制之一。     

苍术及其麸炒品对小鼠特异性免疫功能的影响

目的比较生苍术及麸炒苍术对提高免疫低下小鼠免疫功能调节作用的差异。方法采用血清溶血素试验法，比较了生苍隶及其缺炒品对小鼠特异性免疫功能的影响。结果苍求经麸炒后在提高溶血素水平方面较生品有更强的怍用。结论苍术经铁炒后较生品具有更强的增强体液免疫的怍用与麸炒苍求用法相符合，为进一步阐明麸炒苍求的炮制机理奠定了理论基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.