两种椎板截骨方法治疗脊柱后凸畸形效果比较(附117例报告)

将 117例脊柱后凸畸形患者按不同的手术方法分为两组 ,即单平面椎板截骨组 (A组 ,68例 )和多平面椎板截骨组 (B组 ,49例 ) ,对两组治疗效果进行比较。结果 :按 Cobb方法测量后凸角 ,术前 A组 5 6°～ 115°,平均 75 .8°;B组 5 3°～ 10 7°,平均 73 .6°,两组比较无显著差别 (P>0 .0 5 )。手术矫正角度 :A组 3 4°～ 78°,平均 40 .5°,平均矫正率 43 .6% ;B组 3 6°～ 90°,平均 46.9°,平均矫正率 5 2 .5 % ,两组比较差别显著 (P<0 .0 1)。 95例获随访 :A组 5 2例随访 6～ 111个月 ,平均 41个月 ,矫正角丧失 8°～ 3 6°,平均 17.2°;B组 43例随访 6～ 92个月 ,平均 3 8个月 ,矫正角丧失 3°～ 13°,平均 5 .3°。随访时间 A、B两组无显著差别 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,矫正角丧失 :A组大于 B组 (P<0 .0 1)。可见多平面椎板截骨治疗脊柱后凸畸形较单平面椎板截骨手术创伤大 ,但操作安全 ,矫形效果优于单平面椎板截骨     

一期后路经椎弓根截骨术治疗胸腰椎后凸畸形疗效观察

目的观察后路经椎弓根截骨术治疗胸腰椎后凸畸形的效果。方法采用经椎弓根截骨术治疗胸腰椎后凸畸形16例,观察患者后凸矫正、临床症状和神经功能恢复情况。结果平均随访15个月,全部患者腰痛症状缓解,后凸明显改善,Cobb角平均矫正38°,4例神经功能障碍者得到了良好恢复,无术中及术后严重并发症。结论一期经椎弓根截骨结合植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎后凸畸形安全有效。     

胫骨高位截骨Giebel系统固定治疗老年人膝内翻畸形

目的探讨应用胫骨高位截骨术及Giebel系统内固定治疗老年患者膝内翻畸形的有效性和优势。方法对老年膝内翻患者16例26膝采用上述方法手术。患者术前内翻畸形平均12．5°,膝关节活动度大于90°,不伴有其他关节间室病变,膝关节稳定性无明显异常,膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主。对患膝进行精确的胫骨高位截骨术并应用Giebel系统内固定截骨端。手术前后测量患者关节活动度的大小,进行Lysholm评分。术后对患者进行主观满意度调查。结果术后未出现钢板螺钉断裂及神经血管损伤;1例切口脂肪液化延迟愈合。截骨处至术后12～16周均骨性愈合。测量矫正角度平均12．4°。对16例随访平均21个月,随访期间X线检查,下肢力线维持在术后水平,内外侧关节间隙无明显退变加重。至随访终末时,手术效果优良率为87．5％,81．3％患者对手术效果表示满意。手术前后膝关节活动度无明显变化;Lysholm评分由术前的49．1分增至79．4分,内外关节间隙差由术前的4．7 mm减至0．6 mm,内翻角度由术前的12．5°减至0．2°,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0．01)。结论胫骨高位截骨术Giebel系统固定可有效地治疗老年患者轻中度膝关节内翻畸形,其创伤较小,固定强度大,骨愈合率高。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形外科治疗的研究进展

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种主要累及中轴骨骼的慢性炎症性风湿性疾病,可引起脊柱韧带进行性成骨性改变,最终导致僵硬后凸,常导致胸腰段、颈胸段后凸畸形,以胸腰段后凸畸形多见.对于AS导致的脊柱胸腰段后凸畸形以手术截骨矫形为主要治疗手段.该文就胸腰段后凸畸形外科治疗的研究进展作一综述.     

后路手术治疗陈旧性胸腰段骨折继发严重后凸畸形

目的观察后路手术治疗陈旧性胸腰段骨折继发后凸畸形的效果。方法24例陈旧性胸腰椎段骨折继发严重后凸畸形患者,经后路行楔形截骨矫形椎管减压、椎体旁植骨＋椎弓根螺钉系统内固定脊柱短缩术。结果本组术前Frankel分级A级2例,术后B、C级各1例;术前B级7例,术后为B级3例,C、D级各2例;术前C级10例,术后为C级2例,D级6例,E级2例;At前D级4例,术后为D、E级各2例;术前E级1例,术后仍为E级。结论后路手术治疗陈旧性胸腰段骨折继发后凸畸形安全有效。     

前路减压固定治疗腰胸椎爆裂型骨折21例

胸腰椎爆裂骨折主要为前、中柱的力学结构破坏 ,脊髓受压大多来自椎管前方。 1994～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我们采用前方椎管减压及固定治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折 2 1例 ,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。一般资料 :本组 2 1例胸椎爆裂型骨折患者中 ,男 13例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 2 0～ 49岁 ,平均 36岁。损伤部位 :T81例 ,T1 0 2例 ,T1 1 5例 ,T1 2 9例 ,L1 4例。后凸畸形 (Cobb角 ) 17.6°～ 45°,平均 30 .5°。2 1均行 CT或 MRI检查 ,显示为爆裂型不稳定骨折。其中前、中柱损伤 15例 ,三柱均有损伤 6例 ;均有后移骨块占据椎管造成脊椎损伤。神经功能按 Frank…     

一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效

目的 总结一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果.方法 自2001年1月至2006年2月采用一期前路病灶清除、椎间自体髂骨或钛笼植入、前路或后路内固定治疗胸、腰椎结核68例,男39例,女29例.年龄28～76岁,平均36.8岁.病程3个月至1.5年,平均8个月.随访观察植骨融合、脊柱后凸畸形的矫正效果以及神经功能恢复情况.结果 随访1.5至5年,平均36个月.3例患者术后出现窦道,经换药后伤口均愈合.术后平均3.2个月ESR下降到正常.28例不全性截瘫患者中,27例于术后24 h至3个月感觉、肌力及括约肌功能逐渐恢复,末次随访时美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级提高;仅1例术后神经功能无明显改善,末次随访时ASIA分级无变化.植骨均获骨性融合,愈合时间3～15个月,平均4.8个月.内固定物无松动、脱出及断裂.术前平均脊柱后凸度数Cobb角为41.2°,术后1周平均Cobb角为13.6°,平均矫正27.6°;末次随访平均Cobb角为15.8°,平均丢失2.2°.无脊柱结核复发.结论 一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核可以获得满意的临床效果.     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形与髋关节病变的相关性分析

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形患者髋关节病变的危险因素.方法 本组66例AS患者,男性57例,女性9例,年龄17～53岁,平均(33±10)岁,其中50例为AS伴胸腰椎后凸畸形患者(A组),16例为无胸腰椎后凸畸形AS患者(B组).收集患者的临床资料、实验室检查、影像学资料及生活质量评估量表.临床资料包括年龄和病程;实验室检查包括:红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-B27;影像学资料包括:胸腰椎后凸Cobb角(GK)、髋关节病变评分(BASRI-hip);生活质量评估量表包括:AS疾病活动性量表(BASDAI)、AS功能量表(BASFI)和Oswestry功能障碍量表(ODI).运用BASRI-hip对髋关节病变进行评分,并定义评分大于2分为有髋关节病变,定义有髋关节病变组为C组,无髋关节病变组为D组.统计学处理采用独立样本t检验和Spearman相关性分析以及多元回归分析.结果 A组50例胸腰椎后凸畸形AS患者中,27例(54％)发生髋关节影像学病变,B组16例无胸腰椎后凸畸形AS患者,3例(19％)发生髋关节影像学病变(OR=5.08).多元回归分析显示GK和病程是AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者的髋关节病变的高危因素.相关性分析显示BASFI评分与AS患者的髋关节病变显著相关(r=0.345,P=0.014).结论 较大GK和较长病程是AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者髓关节病变的高危因素,AS患者的髋关节病变显著降低其生活质量.     

关节镜辅助下经椎弓根椎体截骨矫正胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形

目的研究关节镜辅助下经椎弓根椎体截骨矫正胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法选择21例骨折后陈旧性胸腰段椎体后凸畸形患者,所有患者均采用后路关节镜辅助下经椎弓根椎体截骨技术于后凸顶椎处进行椎体截骨,通过椎弓根固定系统加压固定。观察手术前后后凸畸形的矫正率、疼痛VAS评分及神经功能的恢复。结果所有患者均获得随访,术后后凸角平均为9°,平均矫正约27．8°;腰背部疼痛均有明显缓解;神经功能明显恢复。结论关节镜辅助下经椎弓根椎体截骨术矫正胸腰段脊柱后凸畸形是一种安全有效的方法。     

后伸复位辅助后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎压缩骨折

采用后伸体位复位辅助后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎压缩骨折26例(37个椎体)。发现椎体前后缘高度术前为40.5%±8.8%,术后79.6%±9.4%;脊柱后凸角术前(26.4±3.4)°,术后为(11.2±2.7)°;VA S评分术前为(8.7±1.6)分,术后第3天为(1.4±0.8)分。平均随访11个月,所有患者的胸背痛消除、无复发,椎体高度恢复、无再次丢失。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.