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目的 探讨肝硬变病人腹腔镜胆囊切除的手术适应证和某些手术技术细节。方法 对92例肝功能Child A、B级的症状性胆囊结石病人进行了气腹腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果 所有病人术后经过平稳,无胆道损伤及术后再出血。因胆囊嵌顿结石、三角区致密粘连中转开腹2例,1例于穿刺时气腹针损伤肿大脾脏,但未造成严重后果。结论 对于正确选择的病人,腹腔镜胆囊切除术对合并肝硬变的症状性胆囊结石治疗有着满意的疗效。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术时意外胆囊癌的处理

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,LC)因其创伤小,痛苦少,恢复快等优点受到患者欢迎,普通外科医生推崇。随着LC病例的累积、技术的成熟和腹腔镜的普及,LC适应症已较前变宽。LC遭遇意外胆囊癌(Unsuspected Gallbladder Carcinoma,UGC)的情形也较前增多,LC对     

腹腔镜结合开腹手术治疗原发性胆囊癌

目的 探讨腹腔镜结合开腹治疗原发性胆囊癌的方法与疗效。方法 腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术中疑为胆囊癌即送标本作快速冰冻病检，Nevin分期I～Ⅱ期，腹腔镜下清除胆囊床和肝门疏松组织即可，Ⅲ期以上即中转开腹行根治术或扩大根治术。结果 共行腹腔镜手术34例，术中中转开腹6例，腹腔镜术后再开腹7例，1例放弃治疗。无术中术后严重并发症，1例并发剑突下戳孔肿瘤种植。随访：腹腔镜手术15例，生存2年～8年，5年存活率80％(12／15)，开腹手术8例，生存8月～4年。结论 腹腔镜结合开腹手术治疗不同分期原发性胆囊癌是行之有效的方法。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中意外胆囊癌的处理(附16例报道)

目的评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌的诊断、处理及预后。方法对我院2000年1月至2010年1月期间5 832例行LC中16例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例意外胆囊癌中7例行LC,9例行开腹胆囊癌根治术。术后病理TNM分期:Ⅰ期10例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期2例。16例患者术后随访6～60个月,平均23.3个月。随访期内死亡15例。9例接受胆囊癌根治手术的患者术后1、3、5年生存分别为8/9、4/9及1/9,而7例仅行LC的患者术后1年生存为4/7,无生存超过2.5年者。结论 LC术中应高度警惕意外胆囊癌的发生,意外胆囊癌多为早期,应及时中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术,仅行单纯的LC治疗效果欠佳。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中或术后意外胆囊癌的治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术中发现意外胆囊癌（UGC）的治疗方法。方法回顾分析1996年1月至2010年6月期间5000例行LC患者的临床资料,术后发现UGC12例,结合以往文献对UGC的诊治方法进行分析。结果手术顺利,术中和术后被证实为胆囊癌的患者12例,发生率为0.24%（12/5000）,其中T1期6例,T2期4例,T3期1例,T4期1例。T1期患者仅行LC,除1例于术后第39个月死于其他疾病外均长期存活;T2期仅行LC2例,中转开腹2例,行胆囊癌根治术,术后均长期存活;T3期1例,行LC,于术后第42个月死于肿瘤转移;T4期1例,术中发现腹膜广泛种植,仅行LC,于术后第6个月死亡。有3例发生戳孔种植,T1、T2、T3期各1例。结论胆囊癌存活期短,预后差,但腹腔镜手术发现的UGC大多属早期,采取合适的治疗手段可取得良好的疗效。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆囊癌腹腔广泛转移一例

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)因其创伤小，痛苦少，恢复快等优点受到病人欢迎，普通外科医生推崇。随着LC技术的日趋成熟和腹腔镜的普及，LC适应证已较前变宽。本文报告腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆囊癌短期腹腔广泛转移1例的教训。     

腹腔镜意外胆囊癌外科治疗体会

目的总结意外胆囊癌腹腔镜胆囊切除的经验。方法回顾性分析连续1037例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的4例意外胆囊癌患者的临床特征、病理分期、手术及术后处理措施。结果术后病理分期2例为T1aNM,1例为00T1bNM,1例为TisNM,其中3例肿瘤位于体部,1例位于胆囊颈部息肉癌变。术后随访1～3年,无切口种植,腹腔0000及远处转移。结论LC只要注意技术操作,勿分破胆囊,并不会增加肿瘤扩散的机会;术后应根据PTNM分期及肿瘤部位决定是否行淋巴清扫。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与意外胆囊癌

在腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ( L C)术后会发现“意外胆囊癌( UGC)”,U GC在术后早期会出现切口肿瘤转移且预后不良。为了解腹腔镜手术与 UCG的关系 ,我们检索了 196 6年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 4月 Medline的文献 ,对此进行了综述。1　发生率　　共检出有关文献 86篇 ,L C术后 U GC的发生率在0 .15 %～ 2 .85 %之间 ,发生率的差异可能与胆囊标本的检查方法、样本的大小以及国家和地区的不同有关 (表 1)。表 1　腹腔镜胆囊切除术后意外胆囊癌的发生率作者国家年代 L C数 LC-UGC发生率Mori日本 1997 45 6 2 .85 % 1Hohaus 德国 199712 0 0 0 .5 …     

腹腔镜意外胆囊癌切除术后生存10年1例

胆囊癌的预后较差,80％的患者于明确诊断后1年内死亡。我们用腹腔镜治疗胆囊癌1例,随访10年,至今身体健康,实属少见。本例患者女,55岁,因右上腹间歇性疼痛1年而于1993年7月21日收入院。疼痛发作无规律,与饮食无明显关系。疼痛常向右肩放射,且伴有恶心、呕吐,曾按胃病治疗,服药后仅症状减轻,病情缓解后食欲如常。查体见发育良好,营养中等,     

腹腔镜手术意外发现胆囊癌的诊治体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中遇到意外胆囊癌（UGC）的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析我院1997年6月～2007年12月LC术中遇到的8例意外胆囊癌的临床资料。结果术中探查结合快速病理明确诊断6例，2例术后石蜡病理证实为胆囊癌。开腹手术4例，单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除2例，2例腹腔内广泛转移，行腹腔镜胆囊姑息性切除术。结论行LC前应加强对胆囊癌的警惕与认识。术中应常规检查胆囊标本，有怀疑者及时行冰冻切片检查。UGC确诊后应尽早开腹行根治性和扩大根治性切除术，并采取必要措施防止肿瘤种植转移。     

原发性胆囊癌的诊治分析（附36例报告）

目的探讨原发性胆囊癌（PCG）的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2001年7月至2008年7月经手术治疗的36例原发性胆囊癌病人的临床资料。结果本组Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期5例,Ⅳ期7例,Ⅴ期16例;根治性切除22例（61．1％）,其中扩大根治手术6例（16．7％）,各种姑息手术10例（27．8％）,另有4例仅行活检术;术后并发症发生率为19．4％（7／36）,围手术期死亡率为2．8％（1／36）。结论胆囊癌早期诊断是提高生存率的关键。手术切除仍是最有效的治疗方法,切除可获得较高生存率。对局部进展的中晚期患者,积极进行扩大根治术有望提高生活质量及延长生存时间。     

37例胆囊癌临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊癌的临床病理特点。方法 对我院近５年收治的３７例胆囊癌进行临床分析。结果 胆囊癌多见于老年人,女性多于男生,并存胆囊结石发生率８１．１％。结论Ｂ ＣＴ是常用的诊断方法,早期病例Ｂ超诊断率较高,晚期病例ＣＴ诊断率高于Ｂ超,手术方式及治疗效果取决于胆囊的分期及分级。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy only could be an appropriate treatment for selected clinical R0 gallbladder carcinoma

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for gallbladder carcinoma still is controversial except for the early stages of gallbladder carcinoma (Tis). This study was designed to evaluate and revisit the role of LC in treating gallbladder carcinoma. Methods Available medical records of patients with surgeries for gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively investigated from August 1992 to February 2005. Results Among 219 patients treated for gallbladder carcinoma, 57 (26%) underwent LC. A total of 16 patients (28.1%) underwent subsequent radical cholecystectomy (LC–RC), and 41 (71.9%) were only followed up without radical surgery (LC). Tis was found in 11 patients (19.3%), T1a in 3 patients (5.3%), T1b in 8 patients (14%), T2 in 19 patients (33.3%), and T3 in 16 patients (28.1%). The findings showed R0 in 14 cases of the radical cholecystectomy group, and clinical R0 was noted in 30 cases of the LC-only group. No survival differences were noted between LC and LC–RC (p = 0.2575), especially in the case of T2 lesions (p = 0.6274), nor between the R0 and clinical R0 (p = 0.5839). However, significant survival differences were noted between the R2 and R0 groups, and between R2 and clinical R0, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings show that LC could be appropriate treatment for gallbladder carcinoma only in selected cases of clinical R0 lesions.     

CT在原发性胆囊癌诊治中的价值探讨

目的　探讨原发性胆囊癌ＣＴ的表现特征、病期判断和临床应用价值。方法　对经手术病理证实的３７ 例原发性胆囊癌与ＣＴ扫描结果进行了回顾性对比分析。结果　原发性胆囊癌根据ＣＴ表现分为：腔内型、厚壁型、肿块型。胆囊癌的主要转移形式是直接侵犯肝脏和淋巴结转移。结论　（１）临床上中晚期胆囊癌具有特异的ＣＴ表现，对良恶性胆囊疾患鉴别有一定意义；（２）ＣＴ对胆囊癌壁外侵犯与转移的判定具有一定敏感度，且特异性较高，尤其肝脏直接侵犯和淋巴结转移，应做为胆囊癌术前常规检查以指导治疗；（３）ＣＴ对胆囊癌手术前评估具有一定价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与意外胆囊癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术后意外发现胆囊癌的处理方法。方法:对1997～2001年14例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中或术后意外发现的胆囊癌进行临床病理分析。结果:14例意外胆囊癌中男2例,女12例。平均年龄66.1岁。术前诊断1例为胆囊息肉,余13例为胆囊炎胆囊结石(92.8%)。有7例中转开腹手术,1例因发现转移仅在腹腔镜下行腹壁肿块活检术,6例完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术。术后病理TNM分期:0期1例,Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲ期3例,Ⅳb期3例。至随访截止时,已有9人死亡,5人仍存活,存活期超过36个月者有4人,最长者已存活68月。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术不适用于胆囊癌病人。提倡腹腔镜术中对可疑病灶进行冰冻切片病理检查。对胆囊癌侵犯深度超过肌层者应中转开腹或术后再次开腹行根治性手术。     

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目的探讨胰腺癌的早期诊断、手术治疗的效果以及微创外科技术带来的新问题。方法回顾性分析1991年1月至2003年12月148例胰腺癌的外科治疗及随诊情况。结果施行手术148例,手术切除率38.5%,根治性切除率28.4%,姑息性切除率10.1%。根治性切除组1、3、5年存活率分别是52.6%、18.4%、7.9%;姑息性切除组1、3、5年存活率分别是23.1%、0、0。术后采取全身化疗。对复发或原发病变进行热疗,姑息旁路引流组1、3年存活率达到16.7%、3.3%。结论重视高危人群的监测,胰腺癌应采取以手术为主的综合治疗模式。     

意外胆囊癌的外科诊治

意外胆囊癌( IGBC)在外科进一步治疗时面临诸多问题与争议.笔者就其外科诊治方面的某些问题进行综述.主要包括IGBC的术前、术中诊断,不同T分期的IGBC手术方式及其预后,以及IGBC的补救性手术策略.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and incidental carcinoma of the extrahepatic bilary tree.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder carcinoma is found in 0.2% to 5% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and gallstones are found in 70% to 98% of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Early diagnosis of carcinoma is difficult because of the absence of specific symptoms and the frequent association with chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. At present, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis and other benign gallbladder diseases. The aims of this study were to evaluate retrospectively the incidence of occasional and occult gallbladder carcinomas to ascertain the effect of laparoscopy on diagnosis and treatment of unexpected extrahepatic biliary tree carcinomas and to assess possible guidelines that can be taken into consideration when the problem is encountered. METHODS: Clinical records of 3900 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Patients with occasional (intraoperative = Group A) or occult (postoperative = Group B) diagnosis of gallbladder or common bile duct carcinoma entered the study group. Follow-up data were obtained in June 2000. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (0.35%), 3 men and 11 women, mean age 60.8 years (range 37 to 73) with extrahepatic biliary tree carcinoma were found. Occasional carcinomas occurred in 8 patients, occult carcinomas in 6. No deaths occurred in either group. The overall survival at mean follow-up of 30.5 months is 50%. Five patients are disease free, and 2 are alive with evidence of recurrence. DISCUSSION: In 2 large series of unselected consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomy, only 14 unsuspected malignant tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tree were found (0.35%). The limits of the preoperative workup and the difficult diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, has led to the present retrospective study and several significant recommendations.     

中晚期胆囊癌的外科治疗策略:附17例报告

目的 探讨中晚期胆囊癌(NevinⅢ～Ⅴ期)的外科治疗方法,进一步提高患者存活时间.方法 结合文献,联系17例中晚期胆囊癌的围手术期临床资料及随访数据,着重从患者术前诊断、手术治疗策略、术后并发症及存活时间等方面进行探讨.结果 通过术前多种影像学资料相互印证,可以诊断中晚期胆囊癌并对分期做出判断,但是不能避免误诊;手术治疗中晚期胆囊癌的要点在于手术范围的确定,特别是淋巴结彻底清扫的程度,本组13a淋巴结阳性率35.3%;8淋巴结阳性率23.5%,说明为了尽量保证肿瘤无残留必要时可适当扩大手术范围;手术后并发症主要包括腹腔感染、胆瘘和麻痹性肠梗阻.结论 中晚期胆囊癌外科治疗需要适当手术范围,术中肿瘤无残留可以使患者存活较长时间.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the optimal surgical treatment strategy of advanced gallbladder carcinoma (Nevin Ⅲ - Ⅴ ), with an aim to prolong patients' overall survival. Methods 17 patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma were reviewed. Their preoperative diagnosis, surgical treatment, complications and survival time were studied. Results The diagnosis of advanced gallbladder carcinoma was done using different medical imaging techniques, but incorrect diagnosis still happened. There is a wide range of surgical treatment for advanced gallbladder carcinoma. Controversy still exists as whether lymph node resection should be done. In our patients, 35.3% of the 13a lymph nodes and 23. 5% of the 8 lymph nodes were positive for metastasis, which showed that lymph node resection should be carried out. Extended surgery was sometime required to ensure a R0 resection.The main complications of surgery were intraabdominal infection, bile leakage and paralytic ileus.Conclusion An aggressive surgical approach for advanced gallbladder carcinoma is required to ensure a R0 resection, which contributed to better overall survival.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术2 800例术中胆囊床的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）中胆囊床的处理方法。方法回顾分析我院1997年9月一2005年8月2800例LC的临床资料。结果在胆囊床的处理过程中，有2570例采用常规方法处理，46例采用非常规方法，余184例采用常规与非常规相结合的方法处理。12例胆漏，经充分引流治愈。26例胆囊床出血，1例术后2h行剖腹探查，余25例为术中出血。结论LC术中胆囊床的处理应根据术中所见胆囊床的具体类型来决定，一旦发生胆漏或出血等并发症，不应盲目处理，需视具体情况采取相应措施。