有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗COPD合并呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的:观察有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:将44例COPD并呼吸衰竭患者随机平均分为两组。序贯治疗组22例给予有创与无创序贯机械通气;传统对照组22例给予传统有创机械通气。观察两组患者有创通气时间、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)、总住院时间、治疗费用等的差异。结果:有创一无创序贯机械通气治疗AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭疗效显著,有创通气时间、住院时间序贯组较传统组均缩短,VAP发生率、治疗费均低于传统组,两组间比较差异有显著差异性(P<0.05)。结论:对COPD并呼吸衰竭患者,采用有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗可缩短有创机械通气时间和住院时间、减少VAP的发生及住院费用,明显提高治疗效果。     

序贯无创通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者撤机中的应用

目的探讨序贯无创通气（NIPPV）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重（AECOPD）并呼吸衰竭中作为撤机方式的应用价值。方法接受气管插管有创通气的31例AECOPD并呼吸衰竭患者在病情有所控制,但尚未完全达到拔管撤机标准时随机分为两组,NIPPV组：拔管后立即给予NIPPV进行过渡撤机;有创正压通气（IPPV）组：继续经气管导管给予压力支持通气（PSV）实施过渡撤机。观察两组患者的动脉血气变化、机械通气时间、住院时间、再插管率和病死率。结果拔管后应用NIPPV患者的pH,PaCO2和PaO2与应用IPPV患者无明显差异（P〉0．05）。NIPPV组患者VAP的发生率明显低于IPPV组（P〈0．05）,NIPPV组的有创通气时间和住院时间明显短于IPPV组（P〈0．05）,病死率低于IPPV组（P〈0．05）。结论序贯无创通气（NIPPV）作为正在接受有创通气治疗的AECOPD并呼吸衰竭患者的撤机方式是可行的,NIPPV可降低VAP的发生率,缩短有创通气时间和住院时间,降低病死率。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的有创和无创呼吸

目的:探讨有创及无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:对我院2012-01²015-01收治的84例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:治疗后,无创组总有效率显著高于有创组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组各个时间点的PaO₂、PaCO₂、SaO₂、pH、RR、HR相比均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。与有创组相比,无创组的机械通气时间、住院时间明显缩短（P均<0.01）,治疗后的APACHEⅡ评分显著降低（P<0.01）,撤机失败率及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率显著减少（P均<0.05）,组间比较差异有统计学意义。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者采用机械通气治疗后序贯进行无创机械通气治疗,提高了患者的临床治疗效果,缩短了机械通气时间及住院时间,减少了撤机失败率以及呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率,有助于改善患者的预后,值得临床推广。     

无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效分析

目的观察BiPAP无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法 80例AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为常规治疗组（对照组,40例）和应用BiPAP无创呼吸机辅助通气治疗组（治疗组,40例）,观察2组治疗前后症状改善及动脉血气的变化。结果使用BiPAP无创呼吸机治疗12h后患者症状明显改善,血气分析提示pH值、PaO2明显恢复,与常规治疗组比较有显著意义（P〈0.01）,同时治疗组间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论 BiPAP无创呼吸机治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭效果肯定,可明显提高患者血气的pH及PaO2,同时可降低PaCO2,使患者通气功能和缺氧体征得到明显的改善。     

有创-无创序贯机械通气救治蛇咬伤致呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨有创、无创序贯机械通气治疗蛇咬伤致呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法选取22例蛇咬伤并呼吸衰竭的患者予有创后脱机拔除气管插管序贯无创机械通气治疗。19例采用传统机械通气治疗,记录并分析比较两组间患者有创机械通气时间、住呼吸重症监护病房时间、总机械通气时间,总住院时间及呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP))发生率、再插管率等。结果有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗蛇咬伤并呼吸衰竭疗效显著,有创通气时间、总通气时间及入住呼吸重症监护室(RICU)时间较传统组显著减少(P<0.05),VAP的发生率也明显减少(P<0.05)。拔管后均无需再插管,死亡率两组无差异。结论在患者蛇毒控制,呼吸肌麻痹逐渐改善,咳嗽有力的情况下,停有创,序贯无创治疗具有优越性。     

以PIC窗为切换点治疗COPD所致呼吸衰竭的临床应用

目的:探讨PIC窗为切换点序贯治疗AECOPD所致呼吸衰竭患者的临床应用.方法:选择在ICU给予有创正压机械通气(IPPV)治疗的AECOPD患者30例作为序贯组,待患者出现肺部感染控制窗(PIC)后拔管,改为无创正压通气,(NIPPV)治疗,对照组为AECOPD合并呼衰的患者30例,常规有创机械通气治疗,比较两组患者又创通气时间、住院时间、VAP发生率、再插管率、病死率及住院费用.结果:序贯组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:PIC窗在AE-COPD所致呼吸衰竭患者序贯通气行有创-无创切换可降低再插管率,机械通气总时间以及ICU住院时间,具有重要的临床意义.     

集束化护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者的干预效果

目的 观察集束化护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的干预效果.方法 80例行有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗的COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,根据入院顺序随机分为两组.对照组(n=40例)采用常规措施进行护理,并进行相关卫生宣传教育及心理方面的指导;观察组(n =40例)采用集束化护理措施.比较两组患者护理干预后舒适度评分、护理满意度、死亡率、VAP发生率、呼吸科监护病房住院时间及撤机成功率.结果 观察组舒适度评分(12.42±1.35)及护理满意度(87.50％)均明显高于对照组(7.14±0.54,70.0％)(P＜0.05);观察组死亡率(10.00％)及VAP发生率(17.50％)均明显低于对照组(25.00％,35.00％) (P ＜0.05),呼吸科监护病房住院时间(12.20±3.10)d较对照组(20.30±4.50)d明显缩短(P＜0.05),而撤机成功率(80.00％)明显高于对照组(60.00％)(P＜0.05).结论 集束化护理不但可提高COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的舒适度及护理满意度,还可明显降低其死亡率及VAP发生率,缩短住院时间和提高撤机成功率.     

无创正压通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭26例

目的：探讨无创正压通气（NIPPV）在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭中的应用价值。方法：51例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为治疗组（26例）和对照组（25例）,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予NIPPV治疗8 h。比较两组治疗前后动脉血气结果及临床症状等观察指标。结果：治疗组pH、PaO2、PaCO2改善明显,均优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：早期应用无创正压通气治疗AE-COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,能更好地提高pH和PaO2,降低PaCO2,改善临床症状。     

有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病的回顾性研究

目的 通过对比研究揭示应用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病的优越性.方法 本研究设两组:有创机械通气组(n=146)和有创-无创序贯机械通气组(n=128).有创-无创序贯机械通气组以"肺部感染控制窗(PICW)"作为有创通气和无创通气之间的切换点.主要观测指标为:有创通气时间、机械通气总时间、1周以内再插管率、住呼吸重症监护室(RICU)时间和呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发生率.结果 有创-无创序贯机械通气组的有创通气时间(5.8±4.2d)较有创机械通气组(12.4±8.6d)显著缩短(P<0.05),但两组机械通气总时间无显著差异(分别为14±9d和12±8d).有创-无创序贯机械通气组的VAP发生率(4.7%)、再插管率(6.2%)均较有创机械通气组(分别为21.8%、16.4%)显著降低(P<0.05),住RICU时间(10±7d)较有创机械通气组(15±11d)显著缩短(P<0.05).结论 采用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺性脑病较传统的有创通气方式更优越,能够有效缩短有创通气时间,降低VAP发生率,改善患者预后.     

AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭无创正压通气治疗30例的疗效观察和护理

目的总结无创正压通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭治疗中的效果和护理体会。方法 30例AECOPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者,予以抗感染、吸氧等基础治疗,加用BiPAP呼吸机行无创正压通气治疗并行积极的护理。比较治疗前和治疗后2小时的动脉血pH、PaO2、PaCO2、HR、RR和SpO2。结果治疗后动脉血pH、PaO2、SpO2与治疗前比较有明显上升,而治疗后PaCO2、HR、RR和治疗前比较有明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论无创正压通气治疗AE-COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者安全有效,护理方便,值得临床推广应用。     

Improvement in quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency in combination with chemoradiotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: To improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT), it is necessary to find an effective method to reduce the toxic side-effects of CRT.

Materials and methods: Between June 2007 and June 2010, 83 previously untreated patients with NPC were randomized to receive CRT either with or without non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency (ERF). All the patients underwent radiation, and weekly chemotherapy of paclitaxel 135–175 mg/m² and cisplatin 60–90 mg/m². In addition, the patients in the treatment group also underwent non-invasive ERF on a radiofrequency machine at 13.56 MHz for 1 hour at 41–43°C. After the completion of treatment, evaluation was carried out to determine the survival rate, disease-free survival time, and QOL. QOL was analyzed by using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) every 6 months during the three-year period.

Results: After completion of the treatments, the 36-month survival rate was 0.730 in the treatment group and 0.535 in the reference group (p = 0.041); the average disease-free survival time was 48 months in the treatment group and only 37.5 months in the reference group (p = 0.048). In the post- treatment questionnaires, several NPC-specific (pain, swallowing, speech, social eating, opening mouth, dry mouth, sticky saliva) QOL domains were better preserved with CRT + ERF compared to CRT at different time-points.

Conclusions: The combination treatment of ERF with CRT can prolong the survival rate and disease-free survival time and improve the QOL for patients with NPC.     

Changes in brain size with treatment in patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although neuropsychological symptoms and signs are common in thyroid disease, their organic substrate is unknown. We performed brain MR imaging in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism before and after treatment and correlated the results with hormonal markers. METHODS. Eight patients with hyperthyroid disease and three with hypothyroid disease underwent imaging within 1-2 days of a thyroid hormone testing. Images were registered, and brain and ventricular sizes were measured by using a semiautomated contour and thresholding technique. Changes in brain and ventricular volume were correlated with serum levels of total thyroxine (T(4)), unbound triiodothyronine (free T(3)), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after treatment. RESULTS. With treatment, brain size decreased by 6,329-31,183 mm(3) in the hyperthyroid group and increased by 2,599-48,825 mm(3) in the hypothyroid group. Conversely, with treatment, ventricular size increased by 325-6,279 mm(3) in the hyperthyroid group and decreased by 760-2,376 mm(3) in the hypothyroid group. There was a highly significant correlation between reduction in brain size and reduction in T(4), as well as between the increase in ventricular size and reduction in T(4). There was a significant correlation between reduction in ventricular size and reduction in free T(3). There were highly significant correlations between reduced levels of TSH and increase in brain size, as well as between increased levels of TSH and increase in ventricular size. CONCLUSION. In thyroid disease, the size of the brain and ventricles significantly change after treatment, and these changes are correlated with T(4), free T(3), and TSH levels. The mechanism of these changes is uncertain, but it may involve osmolyte regulation, the sodium and water balance, and alterations in cerebral hemodynamics.     

Orbital phlebography in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with normal subjects

Orbital phlebography has been reported to be pathologic in some patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia). A systematic study of the phlebographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with a normal material seems not to have been performed. In this investigation, orbital phlebography was performed in 19 patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome and in a reference group of 23 persons without the disease. In 13 of 19 patients (68%) with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, the phlebography was pathologic (narrowing or occlusion of particularly the third segment of the superior ophthalmic vein, partial occlusion of the cavernous sinus). Orbital phlebography was normal in all but one of the subjects in the reference group. The medical history of this subject in retrospect revealed symptoms other than painful ophthalmoplegia commonly found in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, suggesting that he suffered from a variant of the disease causing the syndrome. In one patient with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia a biopsy from an eye muscle showed venous vasculitis, probably indicating the basic pathology behind the phlebographic changes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Dynamic equinus with hindfoot valgus in children with hemiplegia

In children with hemiplegia, it is important to distinguish between equinus with hindfoot varus (equinovarus) or valgus (equinovalgus). Premature onset of medial gastrocnemius (GM) EMG in individuals with equinus is well documented. Premature onset of Peroneus longus (PL) EMG has been described in neurologically impaired adults with equinovalgus, but not in children. Our aim was to record the onset of PL and GM activity on the hemiplegic side of children with equinovalgus deformity. Fifteen children GMFCS 1 (3.8 yrs ± 2) with hemiplegia had a goniometric assessment of passive ankle range of motion and assessment of ankle function from video and surface EMG recording during gait. The clinical and video observations were used to determine the equinovalgus, as defined by Wren, at initial contact (IC). The premature onset of muscle activity was normalised as a swing (SW) percentage prior to IC of the following stance (ST). A paired T-test compared the onset of muscle activity between PL and GM. The ankle passive dorsiflexion was 13° ± 12° (hemiplegic side) versus 18° ± 10° (non-involved side) (p<0.05). For the non-involved limb, the onset of GM activity was at 14% of the gait cycle (midstance), the onset of PL activity was at 19% (p<0.05). For the hemiplegic limb with equinovalgus, there was a premature onset activity of PL (-24%) and GM(-8%) (p<0.001). On the non involved side, the onset of PL activity occurred, as in adults, after the onset of GM activity, during ST. On the hemiplegic side, there was no triceps surae contracture and the onset of PL activity occurred prior to the onset of GM activity, during terminal SW. This study confirmed the overactivity of PL in hemiplegic children with equinovalgus.     

Metrizamide compared with metrizoate in cardioangiography in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease

In a double-blind, randomized, two-group study of 99 'high-risk' patients mainly with coronary artery disease, the non-ionic contrast medium, Amipaque (metrizamide), was compared with the ionic medium, Isopaque Coronar (meglumine-Na-Ca-metrizoate) in cinecardioangiography. In evaluating the influence of the contrast media on the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the material was divided into 2 groups, 55 patients with a basal LVEDP of 15 mmHg or less and 44 with an LVEDP above this level. In the former group LVEDP increased significantly after injection of the contrast medium into the left ventricle, but significantly less (p = 0.006) after Amipaque than after Isopaque Coronar. In the patients with a basal LVEDP above 15 mmHg, no significant change occurred in LVEDP after left ventriculography with any of the 2 contrast media. No serious complications occurred.     

Radiochemotherapy in Combination with Regional Hyperthermia in Preirradiated Patients with Recurrent Rectal Cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Encouraging results of phase II studies combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy have been published. In this study, the results of a multimodal salvage therapy including radiochemotherapy (RCT) and regional hyperthermia (RHT) in preirradiated patients with recurrent rectal cancer are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients enrolled had received previous pelvic irradiation (median dose 50.4 Gy). The median time interval between prior radiotherapy and the onset of local recurrence was 34 months. The combined treatment consisted of reirradiation with a median dose of 39.6 Gy (30.0-45.0 Gy), delivered in fractions of 1.8 Gy/day. 5-fluorouracil was given as continuous infusion 350 mg/m(2)/day five times weekly, and RHT (BSD-2000 system) was applied twice a week within 1 h after radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was local progression-free survival (LPFS); secondary endpoints were overall survival, symptom control, and toxicity. RESULTS: 24 patients (median age 59 years) with a previously irradiated locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum were enrolled. The median LPFS was 15 months (95% confidence interval 12-18 months] with a median follow-up of 27 months (16-37 months). The overall 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 87% and 30%, respectively. Pain was the main symptom in 17 patients. Release of pain was achieved in 12/17 patients (70%). No grade 3 or 4 hematologic or skin toxicity occurred. Grade 3 gastrointestinal acute toxicity was observed in 12.5% of the patients. Paratumoral thermometry revealed a homogeneous distribution of temperatures. CONCLUSION: RCT combined with RHT is an efficient salvage therapy showing high efficacy with acceptable toxicity and can be recommended as treatment option for this unfavorable group of preirradiated patients with local recurrence of rectal cancer.