正畸治疗中上颌第二磨牙颊侧倾斜萌出相关因素的研究

目的探讨正畸治疗过程中影响上颌第二恒磨牙颊侧倾斜萌出的因素,为临床工作提供参考。方法选取84例正畸治疗患者,初诊时上颌第二磨牙均未萌出,正畸治疗结束时,上颌第二磨牙萌出建,且第二磨牙未经治疗。用Logistic回归分析正畸治疗后上颌第二磨牙颊倾的发生与第三磨牙的牙胚存在与否、是否拔牙、下颌平面角、错类型、治疗前牙弓后段拥挤度、治疗后牙弓后段拥挤度和第一磨牙前移量之间的关系。结果上颌第二磨牙颊侧倾斜与治疗后牙弓后段拥挤度密切相关（P〈0.001）,其它因素排除在外,逐步回归方程为Y=1.238X治疗后牙弓后段拥挤度-2.919。结论上颌第二磨牙的颊侧倾斜与治疗后牙弓后段拥挤度密切相关,牙弓后段越拥挤越容易发生颊倾。拔牙矫治可通过增加第一磨牙的前移来减少牙弓后段拥挤度,间接影响第二磨牙颊侧倾斜的发生。     

使用MBT托槽关闭拔牙间隙的Pancherz头影测量分析

目的　本文研究目的为采用3MunitekMBT托槽,对需采用最大强支抗进行矫治的双颌前突或前牙深覆盖患者,通过一步滑动法和两步滑动法关闭上颌拔牙间隙,研究两组之间上颌磨牙及切牙移动量的差异。方法　一步滑动法组包括1 5例患者(男5例,女1 0例,平均年龄1 2 .4±1 .1岁) ,上颌采用强支抗(头帽+TPA) ,上颌牙弓排齐后,滑动法使六个前牙一起后移,关闭上颌拔牙间隙。两步滑动法组包括1 5例患者(男5例,女1 0例,平均年龄1 2 .6±1 .1岁) ,上颌采用强支抗(头帽+TPA) ,上颌牙弓排齐后,向远中牵引尖牙到位,滑动法使四个前牙一起后移,关闭上颌拔牙间隙。在治疗开始和治疗结束后拍摄头颅侧位片,使用Pancherz头影测量方法分析。结果　一步滑动法组和两步滑动法组上颌切牙切缘舌向移动量分别为4 .2±1 .8mm和4 .5±2 .6mm ;上颌磨牙近中移动量分别为4 .6±1 .7mm和4 .7±3.1mm ,两组之间无显著差异。一步滑动法组覆盖减少为3.0±2 .6mm ,两步滑动法组覆盖减少为3.6±2 .6mm ,两组之间无显著差异。结论　本研究的初步结果表明,MBT直丝弓矫治器以其独特的托槽设计,使一步滑动法组和两步滑动法组上颌磨牙近中移动量及上颌切牙切缘舌向量移动量无统计学差异。     

第二磨牙锁He与牙弓后部拥挤

目的选择第二磨牙锁的成年患者,通过对其Ｘ线头颅侧位片的测量,与正常进行比较,对第二磨牙锁的病因做初步分析,为今后的临床治疗工作提供参考。方法分别测量正常和后牙锁患者的头颅侧位片,测量上颌第一磨牙远中最突点在颅底平面的投影和翼上颌裂点在前颅底平面的投影两者之间的距离,测量数据进行ｔ检验。结果第二磨牙锁患者上颌第一磨牙到上颌骨后壁的距离明显小于正常。结论第二磨牙锁与后部牙弓间隙不足密切相关,分析牙列拥挤度时,还应考虑后牙段间隙问题,尤其是推磨牙向后的病例,如果预测后牙段有拥挤的可能,应尽早拔除第三磨牙。     

上颌唇挡早期矫治引起的牙弓三维变化分析

目的 研究唇挡早期矫治上颌拥挤病例引起的牙弓三维改变.方法 选取正畸患者12例,平均年龄9.8岁.为缓解上颌的拥挤,戴用唇挡8个月.戴用唇挡前后取记存模型,进行三维数字化,以第三腭皱为参考将治疗前后的模型重叠,分析牙齿三维位置改变及倾斜度的变化.配对t检验比较治疗前后牙弓宽度和上牙弓弧形长度的差异.结果 戴用唇挡后,牙齿三维方向的改变以后部牙弓的变化最为显著,矢状向上颌第一前磨牙、第一磨牙分别远中移动2.08、2.03mm,上牙弓弧形长度增加5.12mm;垂直向上颌第一前磨牙升高1.17mm,第一磨牙升高0.72mm;横向上颌第一前磨牙间宽度增加2.62mm,第一磨牙间宽度增加3.08mm;以上各测量均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同时上颌切牙存在少量前移、扩宽和唇倾.上颌切牙唇倾度增加3.90°,第一磨牙远中倾斜度增加8.23,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 上颌唇挡可以缓解轻中度的牙弓拥挤.唇挡引起的牙弓长度增加主要是由于磨牙的远中移动、后倾以及牙弓的扩宽.     

后牙锁与牙弓后部拥挤

目的选择后牙锁的成年患者,通过对其X线头颅侧位片的测量,与正常进行比较,对后牙锁的病因做初步分析,为今后的临床治疗工作提供参考.方法分别测量正常和后牙锁患者的头颅侧位片,测量上颌第一磨牙远中最突点在颅底平面的投影和翼上颌裂点在前颅底平面的投影两者之间的距离,测量数据进行t检验.结果后牙锁患者上颌第一磨牙距颌骨后壁的距离明显小于正常.结论后牙锁与后部牙弓间隙不足密切相关,分析牙列拥挤度时,还应考虑后牙段间隙问题,尤其是推磨牙向后的病例,如果预测后牙段有拥挤的可能,应尽早拔除第三磨牙.     

拔除智齿矫治成人Ⅲ类骨性错1例

通过拔除第三磨牙,利用第二磨牙远中与上颌结节后缘/下颌升支前缘之间的剩余间隙,最终解除了上牙弓的Ⅱ度拥挤及上下牙弓矢状关系的不调。     

口外弓在治疗上牙弓拥挤中的应用

目的：评价口外弓颈牵引推磨牙向远中矫治磨牙前移导致的上牙弓拥挤的临床疗效.方法：对12例磨牙前移的上牙弓拥挤患者,用口外弓推磨牙向远中,结合固定矫治器进行不拔牙矫治,结合X线头影测量分析及模型分析,评价口外弓的治疗作用.采用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行配对t检验.结果：上牙弓拥挤度减少3.0～6.0 mm,平均减少4.52mm（P＜0.05）.拥挤度的减轻主要来自于上颌第一磨牙向远中移动,治疗后Ptm-U6较治疗前减少1.2～3.5 mm,平均减少2.14mm.结论：口外弓推磨牙向远中是有效解决上颌磨牙前移导致的上牙弓拥挤的方法之一.     

正畸治疗中磨牙的拔除和保留(二十七)——全牙弓间隙分析在磨牙拔除设计中的应用

目的:探讨应用全牙弓间隙分析方法对涉及磨牙的拔除和保留病例进行拔牙牙位的设计.方法:选择成人正畸疑难病例31例,男10例,女21例,年龄 18～30岁,平均24岁.采用全牙弓间隙分析方法,结合各牙齿近远中宽度提出可能的拔牙牙位选择,再结合临床情况做出拔牙设计.结果:全部病例下颌牙弓所需间隙平均 21±4.5 mm,上颌牙弓所需间隙平均 19±3.5 mm.结论:对于磨牙拔除病例应做好全牙弓间隙的分析,利用磨牙间隙合理分配前后牙弓段所需间隙,在解除前、中段牙弓问题的同时,关注后段牙弓问题.     

上颌种植支抗辅助自锁矫正器滑动机制探讨

目的:评价上颌种植支抗结合自锁矫正器非拔牙矫治成人边缘病例的效果.方法:选取20例中度拥挤成人病例,分为G1和G2组.G1组10例,上颌种植支抗辅助自锁矫正器治疗,其中男6例,女4例,年龄18～26岁,平均22岁;G2组10例.单纯自锁矫正器治疗,男女各5例,年龄19～25岁,平均年龄23岁.分别测量分析治疗(或治疗第1阶段牙弓排齐整平拥挤解除)前后模型、头颅定位侧位片.采用SAS8.02软件包对模型测量数据及头影测量分析数据进行统计学处理.结果:2组患者治疗(或第1阶段治疗结束)后上颌磨牙区及前磨牙区宽度均扩大,组间差异无统计学意义:2组上颌第一磨牙倾斜角度改变不明显,组间差异无统计学意义.2组治疗(或第1阶段治疗)前后上切牙唇倾度、上切牙凸距均增大.但G1组较G2组更好地控制了上前牙的位置,组问差异有统计学意义.G1组上颌第一磨牙后移,G2组第一磨牙几乎没有移动,组间差异具有统计学意义.结论:上颌种植支抗结合自锁矫正器,可以通过扩大牙弓宽度,增加牙弓后段深度,非拔牙矫治中度拥挤病例.与单纯自锁矫正器治疗相比,更好地维持了上前牙的位置,保持良好的鼻唇关系、上唇突度和侧貌,较传统的口外弓及摆式矫治器具有一定的优势.     

微钛钉种植体支抗后移全牙弓16例临床分析

目的 研究微钛钉种植体作为支抗后移全牙弓矫治成人上颌Ⅱ度牙列拥挤的矫治效果。 方法 应用种植于磨牙颧牙槽嵴的微钛钉种植体整体向后移动全牙弓矫治16例上颌Ⅱ度牙列拥挤患者,以X线头影测量方法评价疗效。 结果 所有病例均获成功矫治,上颌第一磨牙平均远中移动2.93 mm、远中倾斜7.12°,第二前磨牙平均远中移动3.46 mm、远中倾斜11.09°,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);上中切牙唇向倾斜度轻微增加2.12°、切缘平均前移0.66 mm,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 微钛钉种植体支抗是一种有效后移全牙弓矫治Ⅱ度牙列拥挤的方法。     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.