肌萎缩侧索硬化症的经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位研究

目的:研究肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)患者经颅磁刺激运动诱发电位(TMS-MEP)改变及与临床的相关性,了解其在ALS诊断和上运动神经元(UMN)损害评价中的作用。方法:对符合1998年修订的E1Escorial诊断标准的ALS患者40例、单纯下运动神经元(LMN)受累患者8例和健康对照34例进行双小指展肌、胫前肌TMS-MEP测定。MEP中枢性损害的判断标准为中枢运动传导时间(CMCT)延长、安静状态双侧皮层刺激MEP未引出或易化状态至少一侧皮层刺激MEP未引出,CMCT侧间差增大为可疑异常。所有ALS患者均用改良的MRC评分判断双侧小指展肌和胫前肌肌力,Ellis反射评分评估UMN受累程度,Norris评分和ALS功能评分量表(ALSFRS)评价疾病的严重程度,并与MEP改变做相关分析。结果:ALS患者小指展肌易化状态、安静状态CMCT、胫前肌易化状态CMCT分别为7.12±2.25、8.69±1.38、13.11±2.06ms,与对照组比较显著延长(对照组相应数值分别为6.26±0.97、8.10±1.22、12.30±1.11ms)。ALS患者TMS-MEP中枢性损害的出现率为62.5%,主要表现为CMCT延长和MEP引不出,分别占52.5%(21/40)和40%(16/40),如将CMCT侧间差增大者计入,则总异常率提高到72.5%。单纯LMN受累患者未见MEP中枢性异常。按诊断级别分组后,临床确诊、拟诊、实验室辅助拟诊和可能的ALS的MEP中枢性损害出现率分别为88.9%、81.8%、69.2%和42.9%,单纯CMCT侧间差增大而无其他异常仅见于辅助拟诊或可能的ALS患者。CM-CT与相应靶肌肌力无关(p>0.05),与相应肢体的Ellis评分显著正相关(r=0.272～0.391,p<0.05),与Norris评分和ALSFRS显著负相关(r分别为-0.418～-0.426和-0.352～0.429,p<0.05)。结论:对于ALS的早期诊断,TMS-MEP的敏感性欠高,但对于辅助拟诊或可能的ALS,MEP中枢性异常有助于UMN受累的确立。单纯CMCT侧间差增大可能发生于早期患者,有助于发现轻度或亚临床UMN病损。CMCT变化与UMN损害程度相一致,是UMN受累的客观评价指标,且在一定程度上反映患者肢体功能状态和疾病严重程度,但其能否用于病情监测,仍需进一步随访研究。     

单纤维肌电图在肌萎缩侧索硬化鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 探讨单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)技术在肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 对我院收治的165例ALS患者和145例下运动神经元受累为主的非ALS疾病患者进行伸指总肌SFEMG测定,并测定伸指总肌肌力,按照伸指总肌肌力进行分组,分析不同组之间SFEMG改变的特点.结果 伸指总肌肌力正常者,ALS和非ALS组的平均颤抖(jitter)值分别为(66.1±20.1)、(38.0±9.2)μs(t=9.05),jitter＞55μs的百分比中位数分别为55%、0(Z=-7.81),阻滞所占百分比中位数分别为6.7%、0(Z=-6.93),ALS组各参数均明显高于非ALS组(均P＜0.01).伸指总肌肌力医学研究委员会(MRC)评分≤4者,ALS和非ALS组平均jitter值分别为(93.5±31.2)、(52.8±25.9)μs(t=9.37),jitter＞55μs的百分比中位数分别为86%、20%(Z=-8.46),阻滞所占百分比中位数分别为20%、0(Z=-7.25),ALS组各参数均明显高于非ALS组(均P＜0.01).在MRC评分＞4者,采用平均jitter＞55μ s诊断ALS的敏感性和特异性分别为70.2%和92.7%.结论 当采用SFEMG测定协助ALS的诊断和鉴别时,应尽量选择肌力正常的肌肉.平均jitter、jitter＞55μs的百分比和阻滞在ALS与其他下运动神经元疾病的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

运动单位数目估计在肌萎缩侧索硬化患者随访中的作用

目的 比较多点刺激法和递增法运动单位数目估计在肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者随访中的作用及差异.方法 120例ALS患者在诊断时,随访3、6、9、12个月时分别进行多点刺激法或递增法运动单位数目估计.多点刺激法:刺激电极分别于腕、腕上6 cm、肘、肘上6 cm,4点刺激正中神经,以超强刺激诱发最大波幅M波;然后从0刺激开始逐渐增加刺激强度直到出现可辨认的单个运动单位电位,逐渐增大刺激强度,记录3个递增的M波.递增法:刺激电极于腕点刺激正中神经,以超强刺激诱发最大M波值,之后自阈强度刺激开始,逐渐增加刺激强度,收集10个递增的M波.比较两种方法在患者随访中所得运动单位数目估计数值的变化及差异.结果 在ALS患者诊断时,随访3、9、12个月时,两种方法所测运动单位数目无差异,均表现为进行性下降;在随访6个月时,多点刺激法所得数值高于递增法(88±6和47±5;t=1.72,P=0.04).结论 多点刺激法和递增法运动单位数目估计可用于ALS患者的随访研究,在疾病不同时期,两种方法所得数值可以不同.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的重复神经电刺激特点

目的探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者重复神经电刺激(RNS)特点,及其在ALS诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2008-05-2009-04在北京协和医院神经科门诊或住院确诊或拟诊的ALS患者101例,另选择同期门诊就诊的非ALS肌肉萎缩患者40例为对照。记录患者的临床资料。所有患者行肌电图和RNS检查。比较ALS患者和非ALS肌萎缩患者RNS阳性率的差异。比较ALS患者不同神经RNS阳性率及递减幅度差异,并分析性别、年龄、病程、尺神经波幅、临床疾病分级对RNS阳性率的影响。结果 (1)ALS患者和非ALS肌萎缩无力患者RNS检查低频递减阳性率分别为53.5%和7.5%,两组间比较差异有统计意义(P0.05),未出现高频递增患者。(2)所检测神经低频递减阳性率从高至低依次为腋神经(30.6%)副神经(25%)桡神经(15.5%)尺神经(7.8%)面神经(1.0%)胫神经(0%)。(3)ALS患者RNS检测低频递减阳性率与性别、年龄、病程、临床疾病分级无关(均P0.05),肢体起病者较球部起病者RNS低频递减阳性率高(P0.05)。结论 ALS患者RNS检测低频递减阳性率较非ALS肌无力萎缩患者高,RNS检测有助于ALS的诊断和鉴别诊断。ALS患者RNS检测低频递减阳性与性别、年龄、病程、临床疾病分级均无关。     

三重经颅磁刺激技术对肌萎缩侧索硬化上运动神经元损害的评价及其作用

目的 研究三重经颅磁刺激技术(triple stimulation technique,TST)在肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)患者上运动神经元(upper motor neuron,UMN)损害的评价和诊断中的作用.方法 收集我院门诊和病房收治的ALS患者50例和健康志愿者22名进行右上肢小指展肌TST测定、中枢运动传导时间(central motor conduction time,CMCT)测定、运动诱发电位(motor evoked potential,MEP)潜伏期、静息运动阈值(resting motor threshold,RMT)、复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)测定及对TST与改良的Ashworth评分(Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS)、医学研究委员会评分、修订的ALS功能评分、病情进展速度等进行相关性分析.结果 根据EI Escorial的ALS诊断标准,临床确诊5例,临床拟诊19例,实验室辅助拟诊24例,临床可能2例.ALS患者右上肢有UMN体征组[28例,62.0%(40.7%,75.9%)]与无UMN体征组[22例,95.6%(85.4%,100.0%)],健康对照组(96.9%±2.6%)比较,TST波幅比[M50(M25,M75)]差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.827、-5.435,均P=0.000).有UMN体征组(89.3%)与无UMN体征组(27.3%)、健康对照组(9.1%)TST波幅比异常出现率差异均有统计学意义(χ2=20.109、31.897,均P=0.000),无UMN体征组与健康对照组差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.375,P=0.241).TST波幅比、MEP潜伏期、易化状态下MEP潜伏期、CMCT、RMT对ALS患者UMN体征的阳性检出率分别为89.3%、64.3%、53.6%、64.3%、78.6%.TST波幅比与右上肢腱反射(r=0.690)、MAS评分(r=-0.772)、诊断分级(r=0.483)存在相关性(均P=0.000),与RMT(r=-0.774,P=0.000)、MEP潜伏期(r=-0.444,P=0.005)、MEP/CMAPerb(r=0.685,P=0.000)、易化状态下MEP/CMAPerb(r=0.770,P=0.000)存在相关性.结论 TST为ALS患者UMN损害提供了敏感的检测指标,能够发现临床下UMN受累,较传统经颅磁刺激方法 提高了诊断的敏感性,能够对UMN损害进行半定量评价,提示其有可能成为监测病情变化的客观评价指标.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化诊断及治疗

<正> 概述:肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)是一种进展性神经肌肉疾病,由于上、下运动神经元变性导致球部、四肢、躯干的肌肉逐渐无力及萎缩,而动眼肌及括约肌不受累。发病率约1.5/10万,患病率4～6/10万,隐袭起病,进展缓慢,呈致死性,通常由于呼吸衰竭死亡。发病年龄平均55岁,从发病起平均存活3.5年,5年后有20％病人存活,10年有10％存活。5％患者对疾病有抵抗,在发病后可存活20年。一般发病年龄越早,存活时间越长。球部起病者存活期平均约2.2年,     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的重复电刺激研究

目的：研究肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）患者重复电刺激时复合肌肉动作电位波幅衰减的特点和影响因素。方法：对49例确诊为ALS的患者进行正中神经3Hz重复电刺激检查，同时记录患者的起病区域、病程和复合肌肉动作电位的波幅并分析其与低频衰减的相关性。在16块出现波幅衰减的肌肉进行强直收缩试验并观察其对波幅和衰减的影响。结果：49例ALS患者中，有15例出现明确衰减（衰减≥10％），13例呈界限性衰减（5％-9％）。上肢起病的患者较延髓和下肢起病组更容易出现明确衰减（P〉0．01）。波幅与衰减程度呈负相关（r=0．474），但病程与衰减不相关。在进行强直收缩试验的16块肌肉中，4块有活动后易化，6块呈强直后易化，5块出现强直后衰竭。结论：神经肌肉传递障碍在ALS中并不少见，低频衰减的程度与轴索损害的严重性相关；上肢起病的患者更容易出现拇短展肌的低频衰减；突触前机制可能与衰减的发生有关。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化研究进展

<正>肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)是一种主要累及大脑皮质、脑干和脊髓运动神经元的慢性致死性神经系统变性疾病,临床表现为骨骼肌无力和萎缩,进行性加重。其病因、发病机制均不明确,迄今为止还未发现特效治疗方法,患者平均生存期仅3～5 y。其中5%～10%为家族性ALS(fA LS),90%～95%为散发性ALS(sA LS)。本文综述ALS在临床表现及相关生物标记物等方面的发展历程,重点介绍ALS神经电生理及神经影像等技术的应用,利于临床     

肌萎缩侧索硬化症的诱发电位改变

目的　探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)的诱发电位改变。方法　对 31例ALS患者中 2 1例进行体感诱发电位 (SEP)、2 8例进行听觉诱发电位 (BAEP)、30例进行视觉诱发电位 (VEP)检查 ,并分别与年龄、身高相匹配的健康者进行比较。结果　 31例患者中 3例存在传导束型感觉障碍 ;SEP示N13 ～N2 0 IPL为 (6 9± 1 4 )ms ,较对照组显著延长 (P <0 0 1) ;2 8例BAEP均正常 ;30例VEP示P10 0 IPL为 (10 2 1± 5 8)ms,较对照组显著延长 (P <0 0 1)。结论　SEP检查可为ALS涉及感觉损害提供客观依据     

痛觉诱发电位示肌萎缩侧索硬化患者痛觉通路正常

目的 研究肌萎缩侧索硬化患者痛觉诱发电位的特点,评估其痛觉通路的传导.方法 肌萎缩侧索硬化患者60例,取卧位,应用接触性热痛诱发电位刺激器,直径27 mm(面积573 mm2),加热速度70℃/s.于54.5℃应用可调节脉冲,刺激部位为手背、前臂的掌侧面、第7颈椎棘突处(C7).记录仪器:Keypoint.net仪器.记录点为Cz和Pz.同时进行躯体感觉诱发电位检测,记录其波形及潜伏期.并对60名健康对照者进行相应研究.结果 肌萎缩侧索硬化患者接触性热痛诱发电位波形无异常,潜伏期分别为:手背刺激(561.2±28.6)ms,前臂掌侧刺激(540.1±39.2)ms,C7刺激(512.7±31.4)ms,与健康对照组[(558.7±30.2)、(536.6±23.5)、(501.8±26.0)ms]比较差异均无统计学意义(t=4.23、4.51、3.74,P＞0.05).其躯体感觉诱发电位各波潜伏期、波间期均正常.结论 肌萎缩侧索硬化患者接触性热痛诱发电位正常,提示其痛觉通路正常.     

Neurophysiological features of fasciculation potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

We report 13 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in whom fasciculation potentials (FPs) driven by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded. A total of 18 different FPs were analyzed. TMS-driven fasciculations had a simple morphology and were stable. Complex potentials were never cortically driven. Recruitment by a slight voluntary contraction was verified in 7 of 13 tested FPs. FPs were driven by threshold stimuli in 7 of 10 patients and by stimuli 5% below threshold in 3 of 6. Mapping demonstrated that FPs were driven in an area close to the center of gravity of the muscle cortical area. In one case FPs were evoked from most of the cortical representation area of a very weak muscle. Three other patients with profuse fasciculations associated with other clinical conditions were also studied. No TMS evoked fasciculation was observed in this group. The results of this systematic study suggest that cortically evoked FPs arise centrally, at spinal cord or even more proximally, and can represent a marker of increased corticomotor excitability, which is predominant at an earlier phase but can persist as the disease progresses. Received: 15 April 1999/Received in revised form: 28 July 1999/Accepted: 2 November 1999     

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症患者体感诱发电位研究

目的 研究肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)患者体感诱发电位(SEP)变化。方法 采用正中神经及肠后神经体感诱发电位(mSEP、tSEP)对30例患者进行检测，并与27例健康人作对比。结果 mSEP和tSEP的异常率分别为43．3％(13／30)及28％(7/5)，除N9、PF(腘点)、LP(T12点)峰潜伏期和对照组相比无显著差异外，其余各峰潜伏期及峰间期和对照组相比均有显著性差异。结论 ALS患者存在感觉通路损害，且中枢的改变较周围更明显，SEP检查对患者感觉损害的定位有一定价值。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者复合肌肉动作电位特点分析及其与临床关系的研究

目的分析肌萎缩侧索硬化患者复合肌肉动作电位之特点,探讨波幅改变与肌力、病程以及神经功能等级评分等方面的关系。方法收集2001年5月-2004年11月肌电图检查表现为广泛神经源性损害的肌萎缩侧索硬化患者127例,根据ElEscorial诊断标准,确诊级43例、拟诊级39例、可能级13例、可疑级32例。选择其中确诊级和拟诊级患者82例进行神经功能评分和Appel肌萎缩侧索硬化量表评分,然后对其复合肌肉动作电位波幅值与肌力、病程以及神经功能评分变化间的关系进行比较分析。结果(1)82例患者复合肌肉动作电位波幅下降,与肌力改变呈明显指数拟合关系(r=0.969,P=0.001)。(2)同一患者波幅水平随病程而逐渐降低,波幅下降速度较慢者病程较长;不同患者的波幅与病程无显著相关(r=!0.077,P=0.502)。(3)复合肌肉动作电位波幅水平降低与神经功能等级评分呈显著正相关(r=0.412,P=0.001),与Appel评分呈显著负相关(r=!0.549,P=0.001)。(4)患者复合肌肉动作电位波幅水平的降低与运动神经传导速度无明显相关(r=!0.087,P=0.545),但若将波幅与传导速度转换为正常下限的百分比取其平方根后,二者间则呈线性相关(r=0.382,P<0.001)。结论复合肌肉动作电位波幅改变是肌萎缩侧索硬化原发性与继发性病理改变共同作用的结果,随着患者肌无力和肌萎缩症状的逐渐加重,复合肌肉动作电位波幅亦明显下降,但由于此时髓鞘仍保留完整,传导速度仍可保持正常,提示肌萎缩侧索硬化患者肌力下降的机制主要系下运动神经元损害所致。在同一患者,复查时显示复合肌肉动作电位波幅随病程进展而逐渐下降,但尚难建立反映二者平行关系的时间-波幅曲线,提示复合肌肉动作电位波幅改变与病程关系较为复杂。此外,复合肌肉动作电位波幅与肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的神经功能等级评分和Appel量表评分明显相关,提示早期波幅下降较慢者病情相对较轻。     

Multimodality evoked potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Visual, brainstem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials to medial nerve stimulation were recorded in 27 patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. VEP N75, P100, N140, N75-P100 latencies and P100 amplitude, BAEP I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak-latencies were within normal limits in all ALS patients. Somatosensory evoked potentials were abnormally delayed in 8 patients: in 3 arms because of a delayed N9-N13 latency, in 9 arms because of a delayed N13-N19 latency.     

Motor responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation in the ulnar innervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the effect of upper and lower motor neuron lesion

We studied the upper (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) innervations of 159 hands from 81 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Eleven patients with various chronic LMN disorders causing weakness in the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle served as LMN controls. Thirty healthy subjects served as normal controls. Cortical motor threshold, central conduction time (CMCT), and motor-evoked response amplitude (MEP) after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were studied, and the MEP/M wave ratio was calculated. The data was analyzed in the ALS subjects in groups defined by ADM muscle strength and by the presence or absence of clinical signs of UMN involvement.

CMCT was not increased in the ALS or LMN disease groups. The threshold was higher in limbs with both weak ADM muscles and UMN signs. The MEP/M wave amplitude ratio was increased in weak muscles in the ALS patients, notably in limbs with no UMN signs, and also in weak muscles in patients with other chronic LMN disorders. It was frequently decreased in strong muscles. There was no difference between bulbar-onset and limb-onset ALS groups, and there was no correlation between threshold and disease duration. We suggest that expressing the data as an index and utilising the MEP/M wave amplitude ratio as a variable is a sensitive method for detecting UMN abnormality in ALS in particular in early affected muscles.     

Fasciculation potentials and decremental responses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Objective

The positive correlation between fasciculation potentials (FPs) and decremental responses in repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has been described based on only one past study. We revisited this issue.

Motor cortex abnormalities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with transcranial direct-current stimulation

The aim of this study was to identify a neurophysiological marker of upper motoneuron involvement in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For this purpose we evaluated the after-effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on excitability of the motor cortex of eight ALS patients and eight healthy controls. Healthy controls showed a transient polarity-specific change in corticospinal excitability of about +/-45%, with anodal tDCS inducing facilitation and cathodal tDCS leading to inhibition, whereas no change could be induced in ALS patients after either type of tDCS. It is likely that the lack of tDCS after-effects in ALS is the result of alterations of the motoneuronal membrane or, alternatively, may represent an electrophysiological correlate of disordered glutamate neurotransmission. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results. The present findings may lead to a new, reliable electrophysiological marker of upper motoneuronal involvement in ALS.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者205例的神经传导特点分析

目的 分析肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)患者的神经传导和F波特点,并探讨其与肌力、病程和首发部位等之间的关系.方法 收集于1997年1月至2008年5月期间我院门诊或病房收治的ALS患者205例,均采用常规肌电图检查,测定其运动神经传导、F波以及感觉神经传导(SCV).结果 在205例ALS患者中,仅有3例SCV异常,正中神经、尺神经及胫后神经末端潜伏期(DML)延长者分别占24.9%(48/193)、15.3%(25/163)、21.2%(7/33),复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅下降者分别占57.0%(110/193)、49.7%(81/163)、39.4%(13/33);68.9%(122/177)患者F波出现率下降,其中31.1%(55/177)F波出现率为0,肌力下降者DML、CMAP波幅及F波出现率改变明显.肢体起病组正中神经CMAP波幅下降[81.5%(53/65)]和F波异常率[70.9%(44/62)出现率下降,45.1%(28/62)出现率为0]较延髓部起病者[32.4%(11/34);F波38.2%(13/34)出现率下降,14.7%(5/34)出现率为0]更明显,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=23.629、9.753、9.029,均P<0.01);DML异常两组间差异无统计学意义.Logistic回归分析显示CMAP波幅的降低与上肢远端肌力、首发部位、病程显著相关,F波出现率的降低与上肢远端肌力、首发部位相关.结论 ALS患者可出现DML延长和CMAP波幅降低(后者改变更显著),F波出现率明显下降而传导速度相对正常;DML、CMAP波幅及F波出现率的异常与肌力明显相关.首发部位为肢体和(或)上肢远端肌力下降者CMAP波幅及F波异常率更明显.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the F-wave and nerve conduction in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and explore the correlation between these parameters and muscle strength, disease duration and onset site.Methods The data of outpatients and inpatients diagnosed with ALS were collected in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1997 to May 2008.Standard sensory and motor nerve conduction study of the median nerve, ulnar nerve and tibial nerve was performed in 205 patients with ALS.F-wave velocity and frequency was measured in median nerve.Parameters for analyses included sensory conduction velocity and amplitude, distal motor latency (DML), and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude.Correlation between muscle strength and DML, CMAP amplitude or F-wave frequency were also explored.Results Delayed DML of the median nerve, ulnar nerve and tibial nerve were found in 24.9% (48/193), 15.3% (25/163), 21.2% (7/33) of patients respectively.Decreased CMAP amplitudes were found in 57.0% (110/193), 49.7% (81/163), 39.4% (13/33) of patients respectively.Decreased F-wave frequency of the median nerve was found in 68.9% (122/177) of patients.The abnormality of DML,CMAP amplitude and F-wave frequency of median nerve were increased in weaker muscles.Decreased median nerve CMAP amplitude (81.5% (53/65)) and F-wave abnormality (decreased persistence 70.9%(44/62), absent responses 45.1% (28/62)) in spinal onset groups were significantly higher than those in bulbar onset groups (CMAP 32.4% (11/34); F-wave: decreased persistence 38.2% (13/34), absent responses 14.7% (5/34); x2 = 23.629, 9.753, 9.029,all P <0.01).Compared with the bulbar onset group,the abnormality of DML in spinal onset group was higher, but not reach statistical significance.Logistic regression revealed a strong direct association between decreased CMAP amplitudes and upperextremity muscles strength, disease duration and onset symptom.Abnormality of F-wave frequency was associated with upper-extremity muscles strength and onset symptom.Conclusions Delayed DML and decreased amplitude of CMAP are found in ALS patients.CMAP amplitude is a sensitive parameter related to the severity of ALS.F-wave velocity is relatively normal while F-wave frequency of the median nerve is correlated with muscle strength.Decreasing CMAP amplitude and F-wave frequency are correlated strongly with muscle weakening,disease duration and symptom onset over limbs.     

肌萎缩侧索硬化患者膈神经传导的电生理分析

目的 通过分析肌萎缩侧索硬化(Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,ALS)患者膈神经传导检测,并结合其它神经电生理资料,为该病提供更深入的认识,进一步指导临床诊疗。方法 研究范围为武汉大学人民医院2014年1月-2021年12月就诊的ALS患者共88例,收集患者的一般资料、主要症状及体征、肌萎缩侧索硬化改良量表(ALSFRS-R)评分、运动神经传导检测中的复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅和远端运动潜伏期(DML)等指标。结果(1)运动神经传导检测中CMAP波幅降低192条(43.6%),膈神经波幅异常率为35.2%; 远端潜伏期延长116条(26.4%),膈神经DML异常率为77.3%;(2)膈神经DML在性别方面存在明显差异(P<0.01);(3)ALSFRS-R评分与膈神经、尺神经、正中神经、腓总神经、胫神经的CMAP波幅呈正相关(r=0.393,P<0.01; r=0.375,P<0.01; r=0.413,P<0.01; r=0.251,P<0.05; r=0.442,P<0.01);(4)膈神经DML及CMAP波幅在起病部位方面存在明显差异(P<0.05; P<0.05);(5)膈神经DML在判断病情中度和轻度之间的最佳界点为9.095 ms,敏感性为85.7%,特异性为80.2%。结论 ALS患者的运动神经传导可表现异常,CMAP波幅下降占比较大,但膈神经中潜伏期延长比CMAP波幅降低更多见。膈神经传导检测存在一定程度的性别差异。行运动神经传导检测时多条神经CMAP波幅变化可反映ALS患者病情严重程度。膈神经潜伏期变化可更敏感地反映ALS的病情严重程度,以期指导临床诊断与治疗。