我院2005年口服消化系统药物用药分析

目的：分析我院口服消化系统药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：利用我院药库微机管理系统提供的2005年的药品出库记录,以口服消化系统药物消耗量和限定日剂量,用药频度为指标进行分析。结果：口服消化系统药物,以金额排序前5位分别是麦滋淋-S颗粒、兰索拉唑片、胰酶肠溶胶囊、泮托拉唑胶囊、双歧三联活菌片;用药频度居前5位的分别是双歧三联活菌片、雷尼替丁胶囊、肝胆安、柳氮磺氨吡啶片、麦滋淋-S颗粒。结论：我院口服消化系统药物的应用基本合理。     

我院糖尿病临床常用药物的使用分析

目的 分析我院2012~2014年糖尿病药物的应用情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 调取我院2012~2014年糖尿病药物的使用数据,用Excel 2007软件进行销售金额、构成比、用药频度(DDDs)、日均药品费用(DDDc)等分析。结果 我院糖尿病药物的销售金额逐年稳定上升,胰岛素类制剂占50%以上;DDDs排在前3位的为阿卡波糖、精蛋白生物合成人胰岛素(预混30R)、甘精胰岛素;口服糖尿病药物中,阿卡波糖、吡格列酮、格列美脲的DDDs位居前3位。结论 我院2012~2014年糖尿病药物的使用情况合理,口服新贵药和胰岛素类制剂占据较大市场份额。     

我院2000年～2004年口服降血压类药物的应用分析

目的了解我院口服降血压类药物临床应用特点及发展趋势.方法采用2000年～2004年我院计算机中的药品出库数据,统计、分析用药情况.结果口服降血压类药物应用频度及销售金额均呈现增长趋势,日均费用呈下降趋势.结论口服降血压类药物分类复杂,种类繁多,临床应用广泛,应注意合理用药.     

我院2010年质子泵抑制剂的应用及分析

目的观察我院质子泵抑制剂（proton pump inhibitor,PPI）的使用情况,探讨其用药的合理性。方法统计我院2010年PPI制剂用药记录,综合分析质子泵的应用情况。结果我院大部分科室都用到了PPI制剂,除了消化内科用于幽门螺杆菌的根除以外,其他临床科室主要用于应激性溃疡的治疗、预防或者除酸等对症治疗,或其他的相关治疗。结论目前我院质子泵抑制剂应用基本合理,但是存在与说明书中规定适应证的差异,提醒医师应对药品说明书有更详尽的了解,尤其应该注意同种药品注射剂型和口服剂型的细微区别;药师应加强审核力度,主动了解患者用药情况,促进药品合理应用。     

胺碘酮抗心律失常体会

目的：研究胺碘酮治疗心律失常的临床应用效果和安全性。方法：对57例心律失常患者在常规治疗基础及心电监护下,静脉及口服应用胺碘酮治疗,静脉注射24h内总剂量为750～1000mg,同时口服胺碘酮200mg,2次/d。一周后改为200mg,1次/d维持。观察其临床疗效及出现的不良反应。结果：52例患者的心律失常有明显好转,总有效率为91.2%,心功能改善率为86.0%。结论：胺碘酮治疗心律失常疗效好、安全可靠、不良反应小,非常值得临床推广应用。     

胺碘酮抗心律失常体会

目的：研究胺碘酮治疗心律失常的临床应用效果和安全性。方法：对57例心律失常患者在常规治疗基础及心电监护下,静脉及口服应用胺碘酮治疗,静脉注射24h内总剂量为750～1000mg,同时口服胺碘酮200mg,2次/d。一周后改为200mg,1次/d维持。观察其临床疗效及出现的不良反应。结果：52例患者的心律失常有明显好转,总有效率为91.2%,心功能改善率为86.0%。结论：胺碘酮治疗心律失常疗效好、安全可靠、不良反应小,非常值得临床推广应用。     

我院2004年抗感染药物用药分析

目的：分析我院抗感染药物的临床应用情况.方法：分别以门诊药房和住院药房（中心药房）药品发放金额、DDDs、日均药费为指标,对我院2004年抗感染药物的使用情况进行分析.结果：我院抗感染药物门诊和住院占各自药品总金额的17.0%和32.12%,均以头孢类为主.结论：应用抗感染药物从金额总体构成比和限定日剂量（DDDs）排序来看基本合理,但仍存在抗菌药物使用起点过高的情况.     

二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂临床应用研究进展

二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂是一类用于治疗2型糖尿病的口服降糖新药,既可单独使用,也可联合用药。较其他口服降糖药物,二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂具有降糖效果好、不良反应少、禁忌症少等独特的优势。本文回顾性分析近5年国内外文献,综述其在临床使用的情况。     

口服降糖药的临床应用

近年来,大量国产及进口的口服降糖药涌入我国医药市场,口服降糖药物临床应用出现了一定的混乱,故有必要阐述口服降糖药的合理应用。1　口服降糖药的作用机制及主要品种　　目前,国内应用的口服降糖药,按其作用机制主要有三大类:(1)磺脲类降糖药:主要降糖机制是能刺激胰岛β-细胞及时分泌胰岛素及增加周围组织对胰岛素的敏感性等,适用于非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)患者。其品种包括第1代的甲苯磺丁脲(D860)和氯磺丙脲;第2代按其降糖作用强弱依次有格列本脲(优降糖)、格列吡嗪(美吡达)、克糖立、格列齐特(达美康)和糖适平;第3代格列美脲等…     

我院药品不良反应报告分析

目的：了解我院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点与一般规律。方法：对我院2007年1月～2008年12月上报的217例ADR报告,按患者年龄、性别、给药途径、引起ADR的药品种类、涉及的ADR临床表现等进行统计、分析。结果：男性多于女性;以中年组最多。药物共涉及17类97种,抗感染药物引起的ADR比例最高69例（31．80％）,其次为抗肿瘤药物60徽（27．65％）。β-内酰胺类药物是引发ADR的主要抗感染药,其次是喹诺酮类。给药途径以静脉滴注为主,其次是口服。ADR临床表现以变态反应为主,其次是胃肠道反应。结论：应加强ADR监测工作,合理用药,降低ADR的发生率。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.