炒决明子化学成分的研究

目的:研究炒决明子Cassia obtusifolia的化学成分,为阐明炒制前后的成分变化提供依据.方法:利用硅胶柱色谱分离,根据化合物的谱学数据和化学性质鉴定其结构.结果:从炒决明子的乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚(chrysophanol,1)、大黄素甲醚(physcion,2)、8-甲氧基大黄酚(8-methoxylchrysophanol,3)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,4)、大黄素(emodin,5)、钝叶决明素(obtusin,6)及钝叶素-2-O-β-D-(6'-O-乙酰基)吡喃葡萄糖苷(obtusifolin-2-O-β-D-(6'-O-acetyl)glucopyranside,7).结论:以上化合物均为首次从炒决明子中分离得到,化合物7为新化合物.     

缬草双环氧木脂素类化学成分研究

目的:研究缬草的双环氧木脂素类化学成分。方法:采用各种柱色谱方法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定双环氧木脂素类化合物的结构。结果:从缬草20%和70%乙醇洗脱部位中分离并鉴定了10个双环氧木脂素类化合物,分别为:(+)-松脂素-4,4'-O-β-D-二吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、3'-去甲基-松脂素-4,4'-O-β-D-二吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、(+)-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、5'-甲氧基-松脂素-4,4'-O-β-D-二吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、8,8'-二羟基-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、8,8'-二羟基-松脂素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、8-羟基-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、8'-羟基-松脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、8,8'-二羟基-松脂素(9)、4,4'-二去甲基松伯醇-3'-去甲基-8,8'-二羟基-松脂素(10)。结论:其中,化合物2、4、6、10为首次从该属中分离得到,化合物2、4、6、7、9、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

缬草中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究缬草的黄酮类化学成分。方法:采用各种色谱方法分离纯化,通过测定理化常数和光谱分析鉴定黄酮类化合物的结构。结果:从缬草40%乙醇洗脱部位中分离并鉴定了10个黄酮类化合物,分别为:芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、8-甲基-芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2)、6-甲基-芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、5-甲氧基-金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、5-甲氧基-金合欢素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、4'-甲基-5-甲氧基-黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、香叶木素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、8-羟基-香蜂草苷(10)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

金花茶叶中1个新的鞣花酸类化合物

目的研究金花茶Camellia chrysantha叶的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、重结晶、制备型高效液相色谱法等现代分离方法和技术对其化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从金花茶叶中分离得到了10个化合物,经鉴定分别为3,4-methylenedioxy-3′-O-methyl-4′-O-(6′-O-acetyl-glucoside)ellagic acid(1)、齐墩果酸(2)、α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(3)、正三十二烷醇(4)、okicamelliaside(5)、6-羟基山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、3,4-O,O-次甲基鞣花酸(7)、鞣花酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、3,4-亚甲二氧基-3′-O-甲基-4′-O-葡萄糖苷鞣花酸(9)、p-(羟甲基)苯酚-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-(4-O-对-香豆酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)。结论化合物1为新的鞣花酸类化合物,命名为金花茶素A,化合物4~10均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

小飞蓬中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬全草中黄酮类化学成分.方法:对小飞蓬全草乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行反复柱色谱,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定化合物结构.结果:从小飞蓬干燥全草中分离得到12个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),槲皮素(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(9),4′-羟基黄芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),黄芩苷(11),芦丁(12).结论:化合物1为首次从菊科中分离得到,化合物5和9为首次从飞蓬属中分离得到,化合物3～4,7～8,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

红鱼眼化学成分研究

目的研究广西民间草药红鱼眼Phyllanthus reticulatus的化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS等波谱学技术进行结构鉴定。结果共分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、3,4-二-O-甲基鞣花酸(2)、4,4′-二-O-甲基鞣花酸(3)、3-O-甲基鞣花酸4′-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(4)、橙皮素7-O-[(α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(6→1)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、无羁萜(6)、二氢红花菜豆酸4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、3,3′-二-O-甲基鞣花酸(8)。结论化合物2～8为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

缬草中木脂素类化学成分研究

目的:研究缬草中的木脂素类化学成分。方法:采用各种色谱方法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定木脂素类化合物的结构。结果:从缬草20%和40%乙醇洗脱部位中分离并鉴定了10个木脂素类化合物,分别为:(+)-环橄榄树脂素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、(+)-环橄榄树脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、(+)-环橄榄树脂素-4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、(+)-异落叶松脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、(+)-异落叶松脂素-9-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5)、lanicepside A(6)、(-)-左旋马尾松树脂醇-3α-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、(+)-右旋马尾松树脂醇-3α-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、negundin B-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9)、6-dehydroxyl-4′-methoxy-negundin B-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10)。结论:其中,化合物2～5、7～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

唐古特大黄化学成分研究

目的研究蓼科大黄属植物唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum根的化学成分。方法采用硅胶和凝胶柱色谱方法进行分离,经核磁和质谱等波谱分析方法鉴定化合物结构。结果分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚(1)、大黄素(2)、大黄素甲醚(3)、大黄酚-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、大黄酸(5)、芦荟大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、大黄素8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、林氏莲花掌素(8)、4-(4′-对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、白黎芦醇4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-没食子酰)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(11)、6-羟基酸模素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)、表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯(13)、儿茶素(14)、对羟基苯丙烯酸葡萄糖酯(15)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯(16)。结论化合物15、16为首次从唐古特大黄中分离得到。     

裸花紫珠黄酮苷类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的:研究裸花紫珠95%乙醇提取物的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶,MCI,C_(18)等柱色谱方法对裸花紫珠中化学成分进行分离纯化,并经波谱数据分析和文献对照鉴定化合物结构。结果:从裸花紫珠叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为木犀草苷(1),木犀草素-3'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),木犀草素-4'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷丁酯(4),木犀草素-3'-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素-4'-O-(6'-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-咖啡酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),木犀草素-7-O-(6″-E-阿魏酰)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)。结论:化合物4为首次从该植物分离得到。     

山绿茶化学成分研究

目的:研究山绿茶叶片的化学成分。方法:采用多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质,质谱和NMR波谱数据鉴定结构。结果:从山绿茶中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为3β,19α-二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二酸(1)、3β,19α-二羟基齐敦果-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、3β,19α-二羟基乌索-12-烯-24,28-二羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、2-咖啡酰氧甲基-3-羟基-1-丁烯-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、芦丁(5)、北美圣草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7)、丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、(2E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇-4-O-β-D-(6″-O-咖啡酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、1-O-咖啡酰基-(2E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二醇-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)。结论:化合物4、7～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.     

Experimental study on anti-inflammatory activity of a TCM recipe consisting of the supercritical fluid CO2 extract of Chrysanthemum indicum, Patchouli Oil and Zedoary Turmeric Oil in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Chrysanthemum indicum (Compositae) Linné, Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth and Curcuma wenyujin (Zingiberaceae) Y. H. Chen et C. Ling are three of the extensively used herbal remedies among traditional Chinese medicines for the purpose of anti-inflammation. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recipe named CPZ consisting extracts of the above three herbs, has shown noteworthy anti-influenza activity, which is closely related to its anti-inflammatory feature.

Aim of this study

To investigated the anti-inflammtory activity of CPZ in vivo for a further exploration of the recipe's anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory property of CPZ on acute inflammation was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene (DMB)-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement in mice, as well as the carrageenan-induced paw edema rat model, in which inflammation-related cytokine including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) in the edematous paw tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, effect of CPZ on chronic inflammation was observed through granuloma formation in rats subjected to cotton pellet implantation.

Results

CPZ (340, 170, and 85 mg/kg for mice, p.o.) not only decreased the DMB-induced ear vasodilatation but also attenuated capillary permeability under acetic acid challenge in mice. And the significant inhibition on carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed. Further more, the ELISA results showed that CPZ (170, 85, and 42.5 mg/kg for rats, p.o.) could up-regulate the level of IL-1β in the edema paw tissue of rats significantly while down-regulate that of PGE₂, but no apparent effect on TNF-α or NO was observed in the test. Besides, CPZ had a certain degree of restraining effect on the cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats and the highest dose of 170 mg/kg even showed a significant suppression on it.

Conclusion

The above results indicated that CPZ possessed a potent anti-inflammatory activity, which is indicated to be closely associated with its regulation on IL-1β and PGE₂ thereby mediating the inflammatory response acting at an appropriate level.     

Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F,a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Aim of the study

Based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, we developed TZQ-F, a new formula including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance. The study was aimed at fraction preparation and effects of the fractions on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.

Materials and methods

The active fractions were obtained by macroporous resin, ion-exchange resin and polyamide resin column chromatographies. HPLC analyses were used for quality control. In vitro mechanism study included DPPH radical scavenging, AGEs formation inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition and lipase inhibition, and rats on high-fat diet were used for in vivo study.

Results

In vitro mechanism study showed that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet. Consistent with the in vitro and in vivo results, histology study demonstrated that TZQ-F alleviated hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet.

Conclusions

TZQ-F possesses the potential regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.     

常用藏药“蒂达”(藏茵陈)基原物种药用合理性及资源利用价值评价

目的:对“蒂达”各品种不同基原植物药用合理性及其资源利用价值作出评价.方法:采用HPLC指纹图谱共有特征峰、结合SPSS聚类分析方法,评价“蒂达”不同品种基原植物的成分组成相似性.结果:“蒂达”不同品种涉及的来源有龙胆科獐牙菜属、花锚属、扁蕾属及肋柱花属共15种1变种33个样品,指纹图谱全谱相似度较差;以10个共有峰成分的相对面积聚类,其基原植物可分别聚为4个组;上述4个属的属间成分组成差异较大;其中獐牙菜属不同种间成分组成变化较大,而其他各属种间成分组成相似度较高.结论:上述龙胆科4属植物均含有具有保肝利胆生物活性的环烯醚萜类、(山)酮类及三萜类成分,藏医学将其归为“蒂达”一类药材使用具有一定的物质基础;鉴于“蒂达”类药材不同基原各品种间在成分组成上差异较大,分别制定各品种的HPLC指纹图谱,是鉴别和控制各品种质量的有效手段,可有效控制各基原品种质量.     

虫草属EST-SSR标记系统的建立研究

目的:通过球孢虫草、蛹虫草EST设计EST-SSR引物,建立虫草属EST-SSR标记系统.方法:从NCBI公共数据库下载获得虫草EST,利用Sequece Seiners 1.2软件去除冗余序列并设计引物,进行PAGE电泳.结果:通过去除EST总序列中低质量的和冗余的序列后,得到全长为2 953 173 bp的4 556条无冗余球孢虫草EST.从中发掘出718个EST-SSR,分布于616条EST中,出现频率是15.8％.平均分布频率是每4 096 bp出现1个,三核苷酸重复序列有419个,是出现最多的重复类型.蛹虫草EST去冗余后得到1 363条无冗余EST,共含有1 117个EST-SSR,出现频率为81.95％,出现最多的重复类型是A核苷酸重复.根据球孢虫草EST-SSR序列,设计合成50对引物,有扩增产物的引物为34对,占总设计引物数的68％.根据蛹虫草EST-SSR,设计合成40对引物,有扩增产物的引物为39对,占总设计引物数的97.5％.基于SSR标记进行聚类分析,7种虫草无性型均能分开,且分为4支.结论:虫草属EST-SSR出现频率较高、类型较丰富、多态性潜能较高,具有较高的利用价值.球孢虫草和蛹虫草EST开发的SSR标记在虫草属有较好的转移性与通用性,可以很好的应用于虫草种间遗传关系的研究.应用虫草物种EST建立分子标记是一条简便而又有效的途径.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。