独立分量分析在脑电信号处理中的应用及研究进展

独立分量分析(independent component analysis,ICA)方法是从一组观测信号中提取统计独立分量的方法.因为用这种方法分解出的各信号分量之间是相互独立的,而测得的脑电信号往往包含若干相对独立的成分,所以用它来分解脑电信号,所得的结果更具有生理意义,有利于去除干扰和伪差.本文简要地回顾了ICA的发展历史和主要算法,综述了它在脑电信号处理中的应用及研究进展,并指出了需要进一步研究解决的问题.     

独立分量分析及其在生物医学工程中的应用

独立分量分析（Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ Ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔ Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,简记ＩＣＡ）是信号分解技术的新发展。ＩＣＡ与ＰＣＡ（主分量分析）或ＳＶＤ（奇异值分解）的主要不同是,后者分解得的各分量只是互不相关,而前者则要求各分量相互统计独立。体表测量得的信号往往包含若干相对独立的成分,因此采用ＩＣＡ技术来分解,所得结果往往更有生理意义,有利于 除干扰和伪迹。本文简短地回顾ＩＣＡ的基本原理,判据、算法     

应用独立分量分析去除体表肌电中的心电干扰

体表肌电特别是从躯干获得的体表肌电往往受到被测对象自身心电信号的严重干扰。本文利用一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)的去噪方法,去除体表肌电中的心电干扰。该方法将多通道体表肌电进行独立分量分解,并用高通滤波器处理所分解出的心电独立分量以尽可能地保留其中的肌电成分,进而将去除心电干扰后的所有独立分量反向投影回原始信号空间得到去噪后的信号。仿真信号的处理结果表明,当高通滤波器的截止频率为30Hz时,该方法在有效去除心电干扰的同时使体表肌电的保真度达到最大。同时讨论了将信号的峰度(Kurtosis)值作为自动判别心电分量和肌电分量的标准的可能性。     

独立分量分析技术在EEG工频干扰分离中的应用

工频干扰是脑电图(EEG)中常见噪声，严重影响EEG-信号的提取和分析。通过比较Fastica、Extended Infomax、EGLD、Pearson—ICA等四种独立分量分析(ICA)算法和奇异值分解(SVD)技术用于分离EEG中工频干扰的效果，确证ICA方法有很好的抗干扰性，而常用的SVD技术则难以奏效；其中推广的最大熵(Extended Info—max)ICA算法有较好的收敛性，文中使用该算法成功地从16导联早老性痴呆症患者EEG信号中(含混入的工频干扰，最低信噪比约为0dB)分离出工频干扰。ICA在生物医学信号处理特别是临床医学工程中潜在着重要应用前景和研究价值。     

基于独立分量分析的生理信号盲源分离

用于盲源分离的独立分量分析 (ICA)和扩展ICA算法 ,基于极大似然估计 ,给出一个衡量输出分量统计独立的目标函数 ,最优化该目标函数 ,得到一种用于独立分量分析的迭代算法。扩展ICA算法的优点在于迭代过程中不需要计算信号的高阶统计量 ,收敛速度快 ,同时适用于超高斯和亚高斯信号的分离。应用该算法实现了脑电、心电信号以及语音信号的分离 ,并给出了实验结果     

约束独立分量分析及其在脑电信号伪差分离中的应用

独立分量分析(ICA)算法是一种运用统计方法,从一系列标准信号中提取独立成分的技术.由于脑电信号是由若干相对独立的成分组成,所以运用ICA算法来处理脑电信号受到广泛关注.本文介绍了一种新型的约束独立分量分析(cICA)算法,它能解决FastICA算法在源信号分离时输出排列无序性的问题.并通过实验表明,它在脑电伪差分离时可减少人工处理的影响,且具有良好的稳健性与较快的收敛速度.     

基于独立分量分析算法研究儿童癫痫脑电的混沌动力学特征

首先采用独立分量分析(Independent component analysis,ICA)算法,将儿童癫痫信号从复杂的背景脑电(Electroencephalogram,EEG)中分离出来;然后采用了一维时间序列相空间重构技术和混沌的定量判据,对分离出来的独立分量信号进行了分析与计算.通过对生理和癫痫状态下独立分量信号的相图、功率谱、关联维数和Lyapunov指数的对比研究,得出如下结论:(1)EEG独立分量的相图、功率谱、关联维数和Lyapunov指数反映了大脑的总体动态特征,它们可作为一种定量指标衡量大脑的健康状态;(2)在正常的生理状态下EEG是混沌的,而在癫痫状态下则趋于有序。     

两导心电信号独立分量分析算法的研究

根据独立分量分析(ICA)理论,要想在观测信号中提取出独立分量,观测信号的数目必须大于或等于独立分量的数目,因此要求采用ICA算法的胎儿心电图机导联数必须大于一定数目,但在实际应用中常常难以满足这个条件。故本文提出了一种基于少数导联心电(ECG)信号的胎儿心电(FECG)提取算法,结合FECG和自适应噪声抵消算法,从两导采集于孕妇腹部体表的ECG信号中提取FECG。实验表明,该方法能够获得清晰的FECG信号。     

基于参考信号的ICA方法进行诱发电位单导提取

诱发电位(EP)信号的检测与分析技术是临床医学诊断神经系统损伤及病变的重要手段之一,但是EP信号总是淹没在人体自发产生的脑电图信号(EEG)中.因此,为利用EP信号诊断神经系统的损伤和病变,本文使用带参考信号的独立分量分析(ICA)方法从混合信号中快速将EP信号提取出来.计算机模拟表明,采用带参考信号的ICA方法可以从单导混合信号中有效地将EP信号提取出来.     

空间ICA在fMRI数据上的应用与分析

独立成分分析(ICA)技术试图将多维数据分解成若干个相互统计独立的分量。时间ICA和空间ICA都可以用于分析功能核磁共振成像(fMRI)数据。但由于fMRI数据空间维数远远大于时间维数，为计算方便，在分析fMRI数据时。则更多的使用空间ICA方法。本文在单任务激励实验中，利用ICA方法从fMRI数据中分离出若干个与任务相关的独立分量，其中包括与任务相关的恒定分量(CTR)和与任务相关的暂态分量(TTR)；通过将这些独立分量进行空间映射，得到了与任务相关的脑部激活区域。将此结果与SPM的分析比较，得到了一致的结果。在对结果的分析中，我们进一步指出了ICA方法的特点和局限性。     

ADJUST: An automatic EEG artifact detector based on the joint use of spatial and temporal features

A successful method for removing artifacts from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is Independent Component Analysis (ICA), but its implementation remains largely user‐dependent. Here, we propose a completely automatic algorithm (ADJUST) that identifies artifacted independent components by combining stereotyped artifact‐specific spatial and temporal features. Features were optimized to capture blinks, eye movements, and generic discontinuities on a feature selection dataset. Validation on a totally different EEG dataset shows that (1) ADJUST's classification of independent components largely matches a manual one by experts (agreement on 95.2% of the data variance), and (2) Removal of the artifacted components detected by ADJUST leads to neat reconstruction of visual and auditory event‐related potentials from heavily artifacted data. These results demonstrate that ADJUST provides a fast, efficient, and automatic way to use ICA for artifact removal.     

独立分量分析在功能磁共振成像信号功能活动区检测中的应用

主要讨论独立分量分析(ICA)在功能磁共振成像(fMRI)信号功能区检测中的应用。fMRI利用血氧水平依赖(BOLD)效应成像，根据大脑神经元兴奋后局部血氧饱和度增高的原理间接显示神经元活动。假设fMRI信号中包含反映血氧饱和度事件相关的信号、生理噪声和仪器产生的随机噪声等独立分量，首先对fMRI信号进行去噪、配准等预处理，然后利用fastlCA算法对独立分量进行分离，有效抑制噪声对功能区检测的影响，利用相关原理检测出fMRI信号的功能活动区。     

Automatic Removal of Eye-Movement and Blink Artifacts from EEG Signals

Frequent occurrence of electrooculography (EOG) artifacts leads to serious problems in interpreting and analyzing the electroencephalogram (EEG). In this paper, a robust method is presented to automatically eliminate eye-movement and eye-blink artifacts from EEG signals. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is used to decompose EEG signals into independent components. Moreover, the features of topographies and power spectral densities of those components are extracted to identify eye-movement artifact components, and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is adopted because it has higher performance than several other classifiers. The classification results show that feature-extraction methods are unsuitable for identifying eye-blink artifact components, and then a novel peak detection algorithm of independent component (PDAIC) is proposed to identify eye-blink artifact components. Finally, the artifact removal method proposed here is evaluated by the comparisons of EEG data before and after artifact removal. The results indicate that the method proposed could remove EOG artifacts effectively from EEG signals with little distortion of the underlying brain signals.     

独立分量分析算法及在生物医学工程中的应用

独立分量分析算法是一种多维统计方法。该算法的研究对象是多元随机信号，其研究目的是将这些多元随机信号转化成包含统计上相互独立的多个分量的信号。简要介绍了各种独立分量分析算法，包括基于二阶统计量的二阶盲辨识算法和多未知信源分离算法，以及基于高阶统计量的信息极大化法、改进的信息极大化法、快速固定点独立分量分析和特征矩阵联合近...     

ICA在视觉诱发电位的少次提取与波形分析中的应用

本文提出一种基于扩展的独立分量分析 (ICA)算法的视觉诱发响应少次提取方法。经与目前临床通用的相干平均法比较 ,只经三次平均 ,在波形整体和P10 0潜伏期的提取上 ,效果显著 ,获得医师欢迎 ,很有进一步开发潜力。     

Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation of data in a tiny spatial domain into independent temporal component

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a promising tool for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. In these studies, mostly assumed is a spatially independent component map of fMRI data (spatial ICA). In this paper, we assume that the temporal courses of the signal and noises are independent within a Tiny spatial domain (temporal ICA). Then with fast-ICA algorithm, spatially neighboring fMRI data were blindly separated into several temporal courses and were preassumed to be formed by a signal time course and several noise time courses where the signal has the largest correlation coefficient with the reference signal. The final functional imaging was completed for the signals obtained from each voxel. Simulations showed that compared with the spatial ICA method, the new temporal ICA method is more effective than the spatial ICA in detecting weak signal in a fMRI dataset. As background noise, the simulations include simulated Gaussian noise and fMRI data without stimulation. Finally, vivo fMRI tests showed that the excited areas evoked by a visual stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary visual cortex and that evoked by auditory stimuli are mainly in the region of the primary temporal cortex.     

The fetal electrocardiogram by independent component analysis and wavelets

Once the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) waveforms from ECG on the maternal abdomen are detected, the fetal P wave and T wave cannot always be identified by using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). We took noninvasive FECG from the maternal abdomen, extracted it from the maternal electrocardiogram waveforms after an Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and identified the features of those waveforms by using CWT. We also simultaneously analyzed the observed signals by Primary Component Analysis (PCA). FECG has been extracted by ICA from 25 of 30 pregnant women. The fetal P wave and T wave could be identified in 21 of the 25 cases. FECG was extracted by PCA in only one case. ICA is superior to PCA, whose separation quality highly depends on the careful positioning of the electrodes. We believe that after ICA, FECG obtained by the wavelet theory based method will become a powerful tool for the differential diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias.