超声心动图评价完全性大动脉转位快速二期大动脉调转术中左心室血流动力学

目的:观察完全性大动脉转位(D-TGA)患者快速二期大动脉调转术(ASO)中左心室血流动力学变化,评价肺动脉环缩对左心室的影响。方法:15例室间隔完整或合并小型室间隔缺损的D-TGA患者,应用多普勒超声心动图观察快速二期ASO手术前、后左心室舒张期直径(LVDD)、舒张期左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST)的变化,计算左心室质量及射血分数。结果:15例均行肺动脉环缩及体肺分流术,13例在肺动脉环缩后10±3.5天行ASO。肺动脉环缩后左、右心室压力比从0.42±0.18上升至0.83±0.08,左心室质量指数从29.0±10.6g/m2上升至69.6±18.6g/m2(P<0.01),平均每天上升4.06g/m2。肺动脉环缩后左心室射血分数从75.3%±15.4%下降至51.9%±19.2%(P<0.05),大约3~4天后恢复正常(65.7%±5.1%)。结论:肺动脉环扎后,左室质量明显增加;左心功能明显下降,但可迅速恢复正常;快速二期大动脉调转术对大年龄室间隔完整或合并小型室间隔缺损的D-TGA患者是可行的。     

纠正型大动脉转位double switch术后超声心动图随访

目的:评估双调转术(double switch operation)治疗纠正型大动脉转位(corrected transposition of the great ar-tery,CTGA)的手术效果。方法:35例CTGA行Double switch术,其中Senning+ASO(大动脉调转术)20例,Senning+Rastelli术15例。采用回顾性研究的方法,术后1次或多次行超声心动图随访,平均随访(16.8±20.9)月,最长术后8年,最短术后1月。结果:术后右室心肌工作指数较术前明显下降,术后三尖瓣反流减轻。术后总的肺静脉梗阻发生率5.7%,腔静脉梗阻发生率2.8%,左心流出道梗阻发生率11.4%,右心流出道梗阻发生率11.4%,残余分流发生率17.1%。Senning+Rastelli组左室流出道梗阻发生率较高。结论:Double switch术可改善右室功能,减轻三尖瓣反流,术后残余分流及梗阻发生率较低,是治疗CTGA的理想手术方法。     

完全性大动脉转位的多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的:分析多普勒超声心动图诊断完全性大动脉转位(C-TGA)的准确性,提高超声心动图的首次检出率。方法:经外科手术证实为C-TGA的118例患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其超声心动图表现。结果:118例患者中,心房正位,心室右袢大动脉右转位112例,占94.9%;心房反位,心室左袢大动脉左转位6例,占5.1%。常见的合并畸形有房间隔缺损/卵圆孔未闭85例(72.0%)、动脉导管未闭68例(57.6%)、室间隔缺损35例(29.7%)、肺动脉狭窄29例(24.6%)、不典型冠状动脉13例(11.0%)。超声诊断正确者113例,占95.8%;误诊5例,占4.2%。在合并畸形中,误诊、漏诊不典型冠状动脉7例(53.8%)、动脉导管未闭2例(2.9%)。结论:多普勒超声心动图技术可以比较准确地诊断完全性大动脉转位。     

产前超声筛查在胎儿完全性大动脉转位的诊断价值及意义

目的探讨产前超声心动图对胎儿完全性大动脉转位的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2010年~2014年产前诊断16例胎儿完全性大动脉转位的超声心动图表现,总结大动脉转位胎儿在四腔心切面、左右流出道切面、三血管切面、主动脉弓切面的声像图特征。结果 16例胎儿完全性大动脉转位在流出道切面上:均显示两条大动脉前后平行走行。主动脉弓切面上:15例曲度都有不同程度的增大,1例曲度基本正常。三血管切面上均出现异常:12例仅显示两条血管,另4例排列异常。四腔切面上:14例正常,仅有2例出现异常(1例合并右心室发育不良,1例合并心内膜垫缺损)。结论完全性大动脉转位的产前超声表现具有一定的特异性。产前超声多个切面联合扫查有助于完全性大动脉转位的产前诊断。     

顺序节段分析法在先天性右位心合并心内畸形中的诊断价值

目的提高超声心动图对心脏位置异常合并复杂心内畸形的诊断准确率。方法选择近年来在我院经手术或心血管造影证实的先天性右位心合并心内畸形患者42例,对其超声心动图检查结果进行回顾分析。结果手术证实本组先天性右位心分型：镜像右位心13例,右旋心29例;心内畸形：单心室10例,右室双出口8例,法洛四联症6例,完全性大动脉转位5例,矫正性大动脉转位4例,完全性房室间隔缺损4例,永存动脉干3例,肺动脉闭锁2例。超声误诊、漏诊的病例：3例完全性大动脉转位伴巨大室间隔缺损误诊为单心室;2例右室双出口误诊为法洛四联症;1例矫正性大动脉转位误诊为完全性大动脉转位;1例肺动脉闭锁误诊为永存动脉干;1例肺动脉闭锁超声漏诊左肺动脉缺如及多支体肺侧枝。结论超声心动图顺序节段法对绝大多数先天性右位心并心内畸形能作出准确诊断,但对某些极为复杂的病例心导管检查仍是明确诊断和手术条件的重要手段。     

先天性心脏病房室大血管连接畸形的电子束CT诊断

目的　探讨电子束CT(EBT)对先天性心脏病 (先心病 )房室大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。方法　经手术及造影证实的 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病 ,均经EBT和超声心动图及彩色多普勒血流检查。 9例经心血管造影检查 ,8例有手术结果。以手术、造影结果的诊断为标准 ,分析EBT对房、室与大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。结果　 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病中肺动脉闭锁 7例 ,完全性大动脉转位 1例 ,部分型大动脉转位 3例 ,右室双出口 1例 ,部分型肺静脉异位引流 3例 ,完全性肺静脉异位引流 1例。EBT正确诊断 15例 ,误诊 1例 ,诊断准确率为 93 .8%,另将别的畸形过多诊断成此类疾病 3例。超声心动图正确诊断 11例 ,准确率 68.8%。EBT优于超声心动图 ,但二者无统计学差异 ( χ2 =3 .2 82 ,Ρ >0 .0 5 )。结论　EBT对先心病房室大血管连接畸形的诊断较超声心动图有一定优势 ,对于部分型肺静脉异位引流等病例甚至优于心血管造影检查     

巨大左心室患者瓣膜术后早期心脏形态学及收缩功能的变化

目的 研究巨大左心室患者心脏瓣膜术后早期形态学及左心室收缩功能的变化,并探讨两者之间的相关性.方法 行心脏瓣膜手术的巨大左心室患者86例,术前及术后早期(7～14天)行心脏超声多普勒检查,测量左室舒张末径(LVEDD)和收缩末径(LVESD),并计算左室射血分数(LVEF)、缩短分数(FS)、舒张末径指数(LVEDDI)及收缩末径指数(LVESDI).以LVEDD＞70mm或LVEDDI＞37mm/m2作为巨大左心室判断标准.结果 术后早期左心室明显缩小.LVEDD由术前的76.48±5.21mm降至术后的62.58±12.62mm(P＜0.01),LVESD由术前61.03±9.46mm降至52.23±11.52mm(P＜0.05),LVEDDI和LVESDI分别由术前的42.10±6.12mm/m2和35.12±7.21mm/m2降为术后的37.21±10.08mm/m2(P＜0.05)和29.98±7.12mm/m2(P＜0.01).术后早期左心室收缩功能下降,LVEF由术前的49.50%±12.46%降至术后的42.16%±9.12%(P＜0.01).有8例患者术后早期左室大小较术前无变化,均发生严重低心排,其中3例(3.49%)死亡.结论 巨大左心室患者心脏瓣膜术后早期左心室即开始明显回缩,但左室收缩功能并未随之改善,反而较术前有所降低;若术后早期左室没有缩小则预后不佳.     

综合超声心动图在儿童主动脉瓣畸形Ozaki手术中的应用价值研究

目的评价经胸二维超声心动图(2DE)、经食道超声心动图(TEE)、经胸三维超声心动图(3DE)在儿童主动脉瓣病变Ozaki手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析7例Ozaki手术患者的2DE、TEE、3DE资料特征。结果 7例患者术前均行2DE及3DE检查,与手术结果对比,超声诊断正确7例,占100%;合并单支冠状动脉2例、冠状动脉肺动脉瘘1例,超声检查均漏诊。7例均行术中TEE检查,术后3个月2DE复查,主动脉反流束宽明显减轻(0.64±0.25)cm vs (0.22±0.04)cm,(P0.01)、左心室舒张末期内径明显减小(5.69±0.45)cm vs (4.50±0.83)cm,(P0.01)。结论2DE、3DE术前可以显示主动脉瓣的数目、大小、狭窄及反流的程度,比较准确地诊断主动脉瓣病变,但容易漏诊合并的冠状动脉畸形;TEE在术中即刻效果判断、2DE在术后随访中起重要作用,是儿童主动脉瓣病变Ozaki手术安全、有效的监测方法。     

大动脉转位病人矫正术后的肺动脉及主动脉3D血流动力学研究

正目的探讨右旋型大动脉转位(d-TGA)术后病人主动脉与肺动脉的血流动力学特征及其与术后解剖的相关性。方法共有17例矫正手术的右旋型大动脉转位病人及12     

超声心动图在先天性心脏病改良体肺分流术术前、术后的临床应用

目的:探讨超声心动图在复杂发绀型先天性心脏病改良体肺分流术的术前评估、术后评价及随访中的应用价值。方法:对25例接受改良体肺分流术的复杂发绀型先天性心脏病患者,利用超声心动图分别测量术前、术后肺动脉主干及左、右分支的内径、左心室舒张末期内径、肺动脉峰值血流速度,并比较术前、术后的变化情况,观察无名动脉与肺动脉间人工血管的血流速度和通畅情况。结果:本组1例死于低心排综合征,余24例术后超声随访6～36个月。术后血氧饱和度、肺动脉主干及左右分支内径、左心室舒张末期内径及肺动脉峰值血流速度等均较术前有不同程度改善(P<0.05)。结论:改良体肺分流术可促进肺血管和左心室的发育,改善患者缺氧状态。超声心动图检查在复杂发绀型先天性心脏病改良体肺分流术的术前评估、术后近期监测以及远期随访中起着重要的作用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.