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Following a hypertension symposium in New York, NY, on January 28, 2004, a panel was convened to discuss several issues of interest in the management of hypertension. Dr. Marvin Moser of the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, moderated the discussion. Dr. Michael Alderman of the Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, and Dr. Jackson Wright, Jr. of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, were the participants.  相似文献   

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Background

The clinical outcomes of noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) range from asymptomatic to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Genetics play an important role in NCCM.

Objectives

This study investigated the correlations among genetics, clinical features, and outcomes in adults and children diagnosed with NCCM.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study from 4 cardiogenetic centers in the Netherlands classified 327 unrelated NCCM patients into 3 categories: 1) genetic, with a mutation in 32% (81 adults; 23 children) of patients; 2) probably genetic, familial cardiomyopathy without a mutation in 16% (45 adults; 8 children) of patients; or 3) sporadic, no family history, without mutation in 52% (149 adults; 21 children) of patients. Clinical features and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up were compared across the children and adults.

Results

MYH7, MYBPC3, and TTN mutations were the most common mutations (71%) found in genetic NCCM. The risk of having reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was higher for genetic patients compared with the probably genetic and sporadic cases (p = 0.024), with the highest risk in patients with multiple mutations and TTN mutations. Mutations were more frequent in children (p = 0.04) and were associated with MACE (p = 0.025). Adults were more likely to have sporadic NCCM. High risk for cardiac events in children and adults was related to LV systolic dysfunction in mutation carriers, but not in sporadic cases. Patients with MYH7 mutations had low risk for MACE (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

NCCM is a heterogeneous condition, and genetic stratification has a role in clinical care. Distinguishing genetic from nongenetic NCCM complements prediction of outcome and may lead to management and follow-up tailored to genetic status.  相似文献   

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Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify independent correlates of very late scaffold thrombosis (VLST) from an analysis of consecutively treated patients from 15 multicenter studies.

Background

Recent analyses suggest an increased risk for VLST with the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold compared with drug-eluting stents, but insights as to correlates of risk are limited.

Methods

A total of 55 patients were identified with scaffold thrombosis. They were matched 2:1 with control subjects selected randomly from patients without thrombosis from the same study. Quantitative coronary angiography was available for 96.4% of patients. Multiple logistic and Cox regression analysis were used to identify significant independent outcome correlates from 6 pre-specified characteristics.

Results

Patients had scaffold thrombosis at a median of 20 months (interquartile range: 17 to 27 months). Control subjects were followed for 36 months (interquartile range: 24 to 38 months). For the combined groups, reference vessel diameter (RVD) was 2.84 ± 0.50 mm, scaffold length was 26 ± 16 mm, and post-dilatation was performed in 56%. Univariate correlates of thrombosis were smaller nominal scaffold/RVD ratio (linear p = 0.001; ratio <1.18:1; odds ratio: 7.5; p = 0.002) and larger RVD (linear p = 0.001; >2.72 mm; odds ratio: 3.4; p = 0.001). Post-dilatation at ≥16 atm, post-dilatation balloon/scaffold ratio, final percentage stenosis, and dual antiplatelet therapy were not correlated with VLST. Only scaffold/RVD ratio remained a significant independent correlate of VLST (p = 0.001), as smaller ratio was correlated with RVD (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis of 8 other potential covariates revealed no other correlates of outcome.

Conclusions

In the present analysis, the largest to date of its type, relative scaffold undersizing was the strongest determinant of VLST. Given current understanding of “scaffold dismantling,” this finding likely has ramifications for all bioresorbable scaffolds.  相似文献   

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Background

In Lombardia, one of the 20 Italian administrative Regions, small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) was introduced in 2001. In January 2011, the Regional Health Authorities established a reimbursement for outpatient SBCE.

Aim

To prospectively record data on SBCE between 2011–2013 and compare them to similar data retrospectively collected from the same geographical area (covering the period 2001–2008) and published in 2008.

Methods

Consecutive SBCEs performed between January 2011 and December 2013 in Lombardia were prospectively collected.

Results

In 3 years, 3142 SBCEs were collected; the diagnostic yield (DY) and the overall complication rate were 48.4 and 0.9%, respectively. The main indication was suspected small-bowel bleeding (76.6% of patients); complete small-bowel inspection was achieved in 2796 (89.0%) patients. SBCE was performed as an outpatient procedure in 1945 patients (61.9%). A significant increase in the rate of patients undergoing SBCE for suspected small-bowel bleeding was observed from 2001–2008 to 2011–2013 (67.3 vs. 76.1%; p?<?0.001). There was an increase in the number of complete small-bowel examinations (81.2 vs. 89.0%; p?<?0.001) and of outpatient SBCEs (6.7 vs. 61.9%; p?<?0.001). Conversely, both the retention rate (2.1 vs. 0.8%; p?<?0.001) and the rate of patients undergoing SBCE for Crohn’s disease (11.5 vs. 5.5%; p?<?0.001) decreased significantly. The overall DY remained stable (50.6 vs. 48.4%; p?=?0.089).

Conclusion

Our study shows that, over 13 years, the SBCE safety profile and completion rate significantly improved over time; a change in the spectrum of clinical indications was also observed.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common cause of chronic liver disease, is rapidly becoming a condition of epidemic proportions in many countries. Although more advanced stages of NAFLD are related to cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risk factors, the mechanisms underlying these associations and their prevalence at initial stages of the disease have not yet been thoroughly established. It is currently uncertain whether an increased cardiovascular risk is present in early stages of NAFLD, before it progresses and becomes associated with inflammation. This review explores the role of simple steatosis as a reliable independent marker of cardiovascular risk and discusses potential mechanisms involved in this association.  相似文献   

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