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1.
Purpose
Regular follow-up for patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) is vital due to the increased risk of colorectal (50–80%), endometrial (40–60%), and other cancers. However, there is an ongoing debate concerning the best interval between colonoscopies. Currently, no specific endoscopic follow-up has been decided for LS patients who already have an index colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of metachronous cancers (MC) after primary CRC in a LS population and to determinate if endoscopic surveillance should be more intensive.Methods
A prospective cohort of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of hereditary CRC since 2009 was included. Patients with LS and a primary CRC were the cohort of choice.Results
One hundred twenty-one patients were included with a median age of 44 years(16–70). At least one MC occurred in 39 patients (32.2%), with a median interval of 67 months (6–300) from index cancer. Fifteen (38.5%) developed two or more MCs during follow-up, with a median number of two (2–6) tumors occurring. Metachronous CRC were diagnosed after a median interval of 24 (6–57) months since last colonoscopy and were more commonly seen in MSH2 mutation carriers (58 vs. 35%, p?=?0.001). After a median follow-up of 52.9 (3–72) months, no cancer-related deaths were recorded.Conclusion
Patients with LS have an increased risk of MC, especially CRCs. With a median time period of 24 months between colonoscopy and metachronous CRC, the interval between surveillance colonoscopies following primary CRC should not exceed 18 months, especially in patients with MSH2 mutation.2.
M. G. Pramateftakis P. Hatzigianni D. Kanellos G. Vrakas Th. Tsachalis I. Mantzoros I. Kanellos C. Lazaridis 《Techniques in coloproctology》2010,14(1):63-64
Aim
In this study, we present our patients with metachronous colorectal cancer.Patients and methods
In the period between 1990 and 2009, 670 patients with colorectal cancer were treated.Results
Metachronous cancer was developed in 4 (0.6%) patients. The time interval between index and metachronous cancer was 28 months to 22 years (mean 146 months).Conclusion
Metachronous colorectal cancer is a potential risk that proves the necessity of postoperative colonoscopic control of all patients with colorectal cancer.3.
Jie Shang Jeanette C. Reece Daniel D. Buchanan Graham G. Giles Jane C. Figueiredo Graham Casey Steven Gallinger Stephen N. Thibodeau Noralane M. Lindor Polly A. Newcomb John D. Potter John A. Baron John L. Hopper Mark A. Jenkins Aung Ko Win 《International journal of colorectal disease》2016,31(8):1451-1457
Purpose
Gallbladder diseases and cholecystectomy may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim was to investigate the association between cholecystectomy and CRC risk overall and by sex, family history, anatomical location, and tumor mismatch repair (MMR) status.Methods
This study comprised 5847 incident CRC cases recruited from population cancer registries in Australia, Canada, and the USA into the Colon Cancer Family Registry between 1997 and 2012 and 4970 controls with no personal history of CRC who were either randomly selected from the general population or were spouses of the cases. The association between cholecystectomy and CRC was estimated using logistic regression, after adjusting for confounding factors.Results
Overall, there was no evidence for an association between cholecystectomy and CRC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95 % confidence interval 0.73, 1.08). In the stratified analyses, there was no evidence for a difference in the association between women and men (P = 0.54), between individuals with and without family history of CRC in first-degree relative (P = 0.64), between tumor anatomical locations (P = 0.45), or between MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient cases (P = 0.54).Conclusion
Cholecystectomy is not a substantial risk factor for CRC, regardless of sex, family history, anatomical location, or tumor MMR status.4.
Folasade P. May Elizabeth M. Yano Dawn Provenzale W. Neil Steers Donna L. Washington 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2017,62(8):1923-1932
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly but largely preventable disease. Screening improves outcomes, but screening rates vary across healthcare coverage models. In the Veterans Health Administration (VA), screening rates are high; however, it is unknown how CRC screening rates compare for Veterans with other types of healthcare coverage.Aims
To determine whether Veterans with Veteran-status-related coverage (VA, military, TRICARE) have higher rates of CRC screening than Veterans with alternate sources of healthcare coverage.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of Veterans 50–75 years from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. We examined CRC screening rates and screening modalities. We performed multivariable logistic regression to identify the role of coverage type, demographics, and clinical factors on screening status.Results
The cohort included 22,138 Veterans. Of these, 76.7% reported up-to-date screening. Colonoscopy was the most common screening modality (83.7%). Screening rates were highest among Veterans with Veteran-status-related coverage (82.3%), as was stool-based screening (10.8%). The adjusted odds of up-to-date screening among Veterans with Veteran-status-related coverage were 83% higher than among Veterans with private coverage (adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.52–2.22). Additional predictors of screening included older age, black race, high income, access to medical care, frequent medical visits, and employed or married status.Conclusions
CRC screening rates were highest among Veterans with Veteran-status-related coverage. High CRC screening rates among US Veterans may be related to system-level characteristics of VA and military care. Insight to these system-level characteristics may inform mechanisms to improve CRC screening in non-VA settings.5.
Fecal Fatty Acid Profiling as a Potential New Screening Biomarker in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Eun Mi Song Jeong-Sik Byeon Sun Mi Lee Hyun Ju Yoo Su Jung Kim Sun-Ho Lee Kiju Chang Sung Wook Hwang Dong-Hoon Yang Jin-Yong Jeong 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2018,63(5):1229-1236
Background
The fatty acid profile of the fecal metabolome and its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully evaluated.Aims
We aimed to compare the fecal fatty acid profiles of CRC patients and healthy controls.Methods
We enrolled 26 newly diagnosed CRC patients and 28 healthy individuals between July 2014 and August 2014 from our institute. Long- and short-chain fatty acids were extracted from fecal samples and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Results
Regarding fecal long-chain fatty acids, the levels of total ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, particularly, of linoleic acid (C18:2ω-6) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (2.750 ± 2.583 vs. 1.254 ± 0.966 µg/mg feces, P = 0.040; 2.670 ± 2.507 vs. 1.226 ± 0.940 µg/mg feces, P = 0.034, respectively). In addition, the levels of total monounsaturated fatty acid and, particularly, of oleic acid (C18:1ω-9) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (1.802 ± 1.331 vs. 0.977 ± 0.625 µg/mg feces, P = 0.027; 1.749 ± 1.320 vs. 0.932 ± 0.626 µg/mg feces, P = 0.011, respectively). However, those differences were not shown in female gender. The level of fecal short-chain fatty acids was not different between CRC patients and healthy controls.Conclusions
There were changes in the profiles of fecal fatty acid metabolomes in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, implying that fecal fatty acids could be used as a novel screening tool for CRC.6.
Purpose
Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) may either coincide with or follow the diagnosis of a primary tumor. Whether this circumstance influences prognosis has not been well substantiated.Methods
Retrospective review of all consecutive patients who were cared for at a Spanish university hospital during an 11-year period and received a diagnosis of MPE.Results
Of 401 patients, the MPE was the first evidence of cancer in 265 (66%), and it followed a previously diagnosed neoplasm in 136 (34%). Lung cancer predominated in the former group (131, 50%), and breast cancer in the latter (55, 40%). MPE that were the presenting manifestation of hematological and ovarian tumors had a statistically significant survival advantage as compared to those which developed in patients from a previously known cancer (respective absolute differences of 41 and 20 months; p < 0.005).Conclusions
In hematological and ovarian malignancies, the synchronous or metachronous diagnosis of MPE may have prognostic implications.7.
Mariko Tsukagoshi Kenichiro Araki Fumiyoshi Saito Norio Kubo Akira Watanabe Takamichi Igarashi Norihiro Ishii Takahiro Yamanaka Ken Shirabe Hiroyuki Kuwano 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2018,63(4):860-867
Background
International consensus guidelines for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were revised in 2012.Aims
We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of each predictor in the 2006 and 2012 guidelines and validate the diagnostic value and surgical indications.Methods
Forty-two patients with surgically resected IPMNs were included. Each predictor was applied to evaluate its diagnostic value.Results
The 2012 guidelines had greater accuracy for invasive carcinoma than the 2006 guidelines (64.3 vs. 31.0%). Moreover, the accuracy for high-grade dysplasia was also increased (48.6 vs. 77.1%). When the main pancreatic duct (MPD) size ≥8 mm was substituted for MPD size ≥10 mm in the 2012 guidelines, the accuracy for high-grade dysplasia was 80.0%.Conclusions
The 2012 guidelines exhibited increased diagnostic accuracy for invasive IPMN. It is important to consider surgical resection prior to invasive carcinoma, and high-risk stigmata might be a useful diagnostic criterion. Furthermore, MPD size ≥8 mm may be predictive of high-grade dysplasia.8.
Ethan A. Halm Elisabeth F. Beaber Dale McLerran Jessica Chubak Douglas A. Corley Carolyn M. Rutter Chyke A. Doubeni Jennifer S. Haas Bijal A. Balasubramanian 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(10):1190-1197
Background
Population outreach strategies are increasingly used to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The influence of primary care on cancer screening in this context is unknown.Objective
To assess associations between primary care provider (PCP) visits and receipt of CRC screening and colonoscopy after a positive fecal immunochemical (FIT) or fecal occult blood test (FOBT).Design
Population-based cohort study.Participants
A total of 968,072 patients ages 50–74 years who were not up to date with CRC screening in 2011 in four integrated healthcare systems (three with screening outreach programs using FIT kits) in the Population-Based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium.Measures
Demographic, clinical, PCP visit, and CRC screening data were obtained from electronic health records and administrative databases. We examined associations between PCP visits in 2011 and receipt of FIT/FOBT, screening colonoscopy, or flexible sigmoidoscopy (CRC screening) in 2012 and follow-up colonoscopy within 3 months of a positive FIT/FOBT in 2012. We used multivariable logistic regression and propensity score models to adjust for confounding.Results
Fifty-eight percent of eligible patients completed a CRC screening test in 2012, most by FIT. Those with a greater number of PCP visits had higher rates of CRC screening at all sites. Patients with ≥1 PCP visit had nearly twice the adjusted-odds of CRC screening (OR?=?1.88, 95 % CI: 1.86–1.89). Overall, 79.6 % of patients with a positive FIT/FOBT completed colonoscopy within 3 months. Patients with ≥1 PCP visit had 30 % higher adjusted odds of completing colonoscopy after positive FIT/FOBT (OR?=?1.30; 95 % CI: 1.22–1.40).Conclusions
Patients with a greater number of PCP visits had higher rates of both incident CRC screening and colonoscopy after positive FIT/FOBT, even in health systems with active population health outreach programs. In this era of virtual care and population outreach, primary care visits remain an important mechanism for engaging patients in cancer screening.9.
Background
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is an emerging, but neglected public health concern in China.Findings
To investigate diagnostic delay of NTM diseases in China, we analyzed 91 patients with pulmonary NTM infection in ShandongProvince. The median diagnostic delay time of the analyzed patients was 84 days, which was significantly associated with rural inhabitance (135 days vs. 73 days of urban inhabitance, p?<?0.01) and lower level of first visiting hospitals/clinics (70 and 82 days of tertiary and secondary hospitals/clinics respectively vs. 120 days of primary hospitals/clinics, p?<?0.05). M. farcinogenes was isolated from a 79-year-old male patient, which is the first report of pulmonary infection in humans.Conclusions
Our results indicate a significant diagnostic delay of NTM diseases in China, especially for rural patients with limited access to higher-level healthcare services.10.
Motohiro Hirao Hideyasu Omiya Koji Takami Kazuyoshi Yamamoto Kazuhiro Nishikawa Masataka Ikeda Atsushi Miyamoto Naoki Hama Masakazu Miyake Mamoru Uemura Sakae Maeda Shoji Nakamori Mitsugu Sekimoto 《Esophagus》2016,13(2):163-166
Background and objective
Pulmonary metastasectomy is a standard therapy for some types of metastatic lesions in the lung. Although the prognosis for esophageal cancer patients with pulmonary metastasis is poor, it has been reported that some post-esophagectomy patients have good prognosis after pulmonary metastasectomy. We investigated the role of resecting pulmonary metastases arising from esophageal cancer at our institution.Patients and methods
Seven patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the thoracic esophagus who underwent resection of metachronous pulmonary metastases at our institution between 2006 and 2012 were identified from a retrospective database. All patients had undergone curative resection of their primary esophageal carcinoma.Results
Six patients had unilateral and solitary lung metastasis. One patient presented with one metastatic lesion on each side, and he underwent 4 metastasectomy for pulmonary metastasis 3 times. There was no perioperative morbidity or mortality. The disease-free interval after esophagectomy ranged from 191 to 559 days (median, 463 days). Survival after pulmonary metastasectomy ranged from 357 to 3191 days (median, 1803 days). Three patients received systemic chemotherapy before metastasectomy. Currently, 5 patients are alive without evidence of recurrent disease.Conclusion
Pulmonary metastasectomy may be acceptable as a part of multimodal treatment for solitary metachronous pulmonary metastasis in esophageal carcinoma.11.
12.
13.
Purpose
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is widely used in thoracic surgery and increasingly applied to pulmonary metastasectomy. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors of patients undergoing VATS pulmonary metastasectomy from colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods
Between January 2005 and June 2015, a total of 154 patients underwent VATS pulmonary metastasectomy from CRC. Patient demographic data and characteristics of the primary tumor and pulmonary metastasis were analyzed to identify factors significantly correlated with prognosis.Results
The median follow-up period after pulmonary resection was 37 months. The cumulative 5-year overall survival rate after VATS pulmonary metastasectomy from CRC was 71.3%. History of metastasis to other sites (p = 0.035), status of mediastinal lymph nodes (p < 0.001), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (p = 0.013) were identified as independent prognostic factors. Subgroup analysis with a combination of these three independent prognostic factors revealed 5-year OS rates of 91.0, 70.0, 30.3, and 0.0% for patients with zero, one, two, and three risk factors, respectively. Other factors, such as sex, disease-free interval, T stage of primary tumor, and status of lymph node near the primary tumor, were not significantly associated with prognosis.Conclusion
VATS pulmonary metastasectomy is efficacious for patients with CRC pulmonary metastases. History of metastasis to other sites, status of mediastinal lymph nodes, and preoperative CEA level were identified as independent prognostic factors. The number of risk factors significantly influenced patient survival.14.
Yih-Jong?Chern Wen-Sy?Tsai Hsin-Yuan?Hung Jinn-Shiun?Chen Reiping?Tang Jy-Ming?Chiang Chien-Yuh?Yeh Yau-Tong?You Pao-Shiu?Hsieh Sum-Fu?Chiang Cheng-Chou?Lai Geng-Pin?Lin Yu-Ren?Hsu Jeng-Fu?You
Purpose
The rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality is reportedly high in patients aged ≥?75 years with colorectal cancer (CRC). In such patients, a comparison of the short-term outcome between open method and laparoscopy has not been clearly defined in Taiwan. We aimed to compare postoperative morbidity and mortality parameters after open method and laparoscopy in CRC patients aged ≥?75 years.Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent surgery for CRC from February 2009 to September 2015 at the Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan and analyzed their clinicopathological factors. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were analyzed for evaluating if laparoscopic surgery offers more favorable outcomes than open surgery in the elderly.Results
A total of 1133 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study; they were divided into two groups (open method vs. laparoscopy?=?797 vs. 336). The anastomotic leakage rate was significantly higher in the laparoscopy group than in the open method group (3.3 vs. 0.9%, p?=?0.003). Overall postoperative morbidity and mortality rates showed no significant difference between these two groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the open method group (10.4?±?8.7 vs. 13.8?±?13.5 days, p?<?0.001).Conclusions
Our results suggest that laparoscopy in patients aged ≥?75 years with CRC had higher anastomosis leakage rate compared with open surgery but is acceptable and offers the benefit of a shorter hospital stay over open surgery.15.
Gail L. Rose Gary J. Badger Joan M. Skelly Tonya A. Ferraro Charles D. MacLean John E. Helzer 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(9):996-1003
BACKGROUND
Brief interventions for unhealthy drinking in primary care settings are efficacious, but underutilized. Efforts to improve rates of brief intervention though provider education and office systems redesign have had limited impact. Our novel brief intervention uses interactive voice response (IVR) to provide information and advice directly to unhealthy drinkers before a physician office visit, with the goals of stimulating in-office dialogue about drinking and decreasing unhealthy drinking. This automated approach is potentially scalable for wide application.OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine the effect of a pre-visit IVR-delivered brief alcohol intervention (IVR-BI) on patient–provider discussions of alcohol during the visit.DESIGN
This was a parallel group randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms: 1) IVR-BI or 2) usual care (no IVR-BI).PARTICIPANTS
In all, 1,567 patients were recruited from eight university medical center-affiliated internal medicine and family medicine clinics.INTERVENTIONS
IVR-BI is a brief alcohol intervention delivered by automated telephone. It has four components, based on the intervention steps outlined in the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines for clinicians: 1) ask about alcohol use, 2) assess for alcohol use disorders, 3) advise patient to cut down or quit drinking, and 4) follow up at subsequent visits.MAIN MEASURES
Outcomes were patient reported: patient–provider discussion of alcohol during the visit; patient initiation of the discussion; and provider’s recommendation about the patient’s alcohol use.KEY RESULTS
Patients randomized to IVR-BI were more likely to have reported discussing alcohol with their provider (52 % vs. 44 %, p?=?0.003), bringing up the topic themselves (20 % vs. 12 %, p?<?0.001), and receiving a recommendation (20 % vs. 14 %, p?<?0.001). Other predictors of outcome included baseline consumption, education, age, and alcohol use disorder diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS
Providing automated brief interventions to patients prior to a primary care visit promotes discussion about unhealthy drinking and increases specific professional advice regarding changing drinking behavior.16.
Judith K. Ockene Rashelle B. Hayes Linda C. Churchill Sybil L. Crawford Denise G. Jolicoeur David M. Murray Abigail B. Shoben Sean P. David Kristi J. Ferguson Kathryn N. Huggett Michael Adams Catherine A. Okuliar Robin L. Gross Pat F. BassIII Ruth B. Greenberg Frank T. Leone Kola S. Okuyemi David W. Rudy Jonathan B. Waugh Alan C. Geller 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(2):172-181
Background
Early in medical education, physicians must develop competencies needed for tobacco dependence treatment.Objective
To assess the effect of a multi-modal tobacco dependence treatment curriculum on medical students’ counseling skills.Design
A group-randomized controlled trial (2010–2014) included ten U.S. medical schools that were randomized to receive either multi-modal tobacco treatment education (MME) or traditional tobacco treatment education (TE).Setting/Participants
Students from the classes of 2012 and 2014 at ten medical schools participated. Students from the class of 2012 (N?=?1345) completed objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), and 50 % (N?=?660) were randomly selected for pre-intervention evaluation. A total of 72.9 % of eligible students (N?=?1096) from the class of 2014 completed an OSCE and 69.7 % (N?=?1047) completed pre and post surveys.Interventions
The MME included a Web-based course, a role-play classroom demonstration, and a clerkship booster session. Clerkship preceptors in MME schools participated in an academic detailing module and were encouraged to be role models for third-year students.Measurements
The primary outcome was student tobacco treatment skills using the 5As measured by an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scored on a 33-item behavior checklist. Secondary outcomes were student self-reported skills for performing 5As and pharmacotherapy counseling.Results
Although the difference was not statistically significant, MME students completed more tobacco counseling behaviors on the OSCE checklist (mean 8.7 [SE 0.6] vs. mean?8.0 [SE 0.6], p?=?0.52) than TE students. Several of the individual Assist and Arrange items were significantly more likely to have been completed by MME students, including suggesting behavioral strategies (11.8 % vs. 4.5 %, p?<?0.001) and providing information regarding quitline (21.0 % vs. 3.8 %, p?<?0.001). MME students reported higher self-efficacy for Assist, Arrange, and Pharmacotherapy counseling items (ps?≤0.05).Limitations
Inclusion of only ten schools limits generalizability.Conclusions
Subsequent interventions should incorporate lessons learned from this first randomized controlled trial of a multi-modal longitudinal tobacco treatment curriculum in multiple U.S. medical schools.NIH Trial Registry Number: NCT0190561817.
Susan?P.?Bell Jeffrey?L.?Schnipper Kathryn?Goggins Aihua?Bian Ayumi?Shintani Christianne?L.?Roumie Anuj?K.?Dalal Terry?A.?Jacobson Kimberly?J.?Rask Viola?Vaccarino Tejal?K.?Gandhi Stephanie?A.?Labonville Daniel?Johnson Erin?B.?Neal Sunil?Kripalani for the Pharmacist Intervention for Low Literacy in Cardiovascular Disease Study Group 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(5):470-477
Background
Reduction in 30-day readmission rates following hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a national goal.Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a tailored, pharmacist-delivered, health literacy intervention on unplanned health care utilization, including hospital readmission or emergency room (ER) visit, following discharge.Design
Randomized, controlled trial with concealed allocation and blinded outcome assessorsSetting
Two tertiary care academic medical centersParticipants
Adults hospitalized with a diagnosis of ACS and/or ADHFIntervention
Pharmacist-assisted medication reconciliation, inpatient pharmacist counseling, low-literacy adherence aids, and individualized telephone follow-up after dischargeMain Measures
The primary outcome was time to first unplanned health care event, defined as hospital readmission or an ER visit within 30 days of discharge. Pre-specified analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the intervention by academic site, health literacy status (inadequate versus adequate), and cognition (impaired versus not impaired). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) are reported.Key Results
A total of 851 participants enrolled in the study at Vanderbilt University Hospital (VUH) and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH). The primary analysis showed no statistically significant effect on time to first unplanned hospital readmission or ER visit among patients who received interventions compared to controls (aHR?=?1.04, 95 % CI 0.78-1.39). There was an interaction of treatment effect by site (p?=?0.04 for interaction); VUH aHR?=?0.77, 95 % CI 0.51-1.15; BWH aHR?=?1.44 (95 % CI 0.95-2.12). The intervention reduced early unplanned health care utilization among patients with inadequate health literacy (aHR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.17-1.00). There was no difference in treatment effect by patient cognition.Conclusion
A tailored, pharmacist-delivered health literacy-sensitive intervention did not reduce post-discharge unplanned health care utilization overall. The intervention was effective among patients with inadequate health literacy, suggesting that targeted practice of pharmacist intervention in this population may be advantageous.18.
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause for cancer-related death in industrialized nations. Nodal involvement has been identified as a relevant prognostic feature in CRC. Extra nodal metastasis (ENM) describes the spread of malignant cells beyond the nodal capsule. ENM is thought to be an independent risk factor for poor survival. This study examined ENM as an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in patients with node-positive CRC.Materials and methods
Data from a prospectively maintained CRC database was retrospectively analyzed. Blinded slides of patients with stage III and IV CRC following radical surgical resection were re-examined for the presence of ENM. The effect of ENM on overall survival was examined using Kaplan–Meier curves.Results
One hundred forty-seven cases with node-positive CRC (UICC stages III and IV) including 78 cases with ENM were included for analysis. ENM was seen in 60 patients with colon cancer (58.8%) and in 18 patients with rectal cancer (40%), p?=?0.033. ENM-positive patients had a significantly higher odd for cancer-related death compared to ENM-negative patients ratio of [OR 0.44: 0.22–0.88, CI 95%, p?=?0.021], p?=?0.02. The median overall survival was significantly longer in patients without ENM, 51.0 ± 33 vs. 30.5 ± 42 months, p?=?0.02.Conclusion
Extra nodal metastasis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with node-positive colorectal cancer. Extra nodal metastasis is associated with high odds of tumor-related mortality and poor overall survival.19.
C. L. Boereboom B. E. Phillips J. P. Williams J. N. Lund 《Techniques in coloproctology》2016,20(6):375-382
Background
Over 41,000 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the UK in 2011. The incidence of CRC increases with age. Many elderly patients undergo surgery for CRC, the only curative treatment. Such patients are exposed to risks, which increase with age and reduced physical fitness. Endurance-based exercise training programmes can improve physical fitness, but such programmes do not comply with the UK, National Cancer Action Team 31-day time-to-treatment target. High-intensity interval training (HIT) can improve physical performance within 2–4 weeks, but few studies have shown HIT to be effective in elderly individuals, and those who do employ programmes longer than 31 days. Therefore, we investigated whether HIT could improve cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly volunteers, age-matched to a CRC population, within 31 days.Methods
This observational cohort study recruited 21 healthy elderly participants (8 male and 13 female; age 67 years (range 62–73 years)) who undertook cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after completing 12 sessions of HIT within a 31-day period.Results
Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) (23.9 ± 4.7 vs. 26.2 ± 5.4 ml/kg/min, p = 0.0014) and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold (17.86 ± 4.45 vs. 20.21 ± 4.11 ml/kg/min, p = 0.008) increased after HIT.Conclusions
It is possible to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in 31 days in individuals of comparable age to those presenting for CRC surgery.20.
Armin Wiegering Sabine Ackermann Johannes Riegel Ulrich A. Dietz Oliver Götze Christoph-Thomas Germer Ingo Klein 《International journal of colorectal disease》2016,31(5):1039-1045