口腔扁平苔藓、白斑及鳞癌棘细胞形态计量学分析

目的:从形态计量学角度探讨口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)癌变的可能性,并为口腔黏膜良恶性病变的鉴别诊断提供客观参考资料。方法:采用多功能图象分析系统对取自口腔黏膜的正常、口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)、伴轻、中度上皮异常增生白斑(LK)、鳞癌(SCC)的上皮棘层细胞及胞核进行形态计量学研究分析,选择表示细胞及细胞核大小和形状的二维参数9个,体视学参数10个,并比较这些参数在各组间的变化趋势及差异。结果:无论从二维或三维的各项形态学指标,OLP的测量值都处于正常与LK和鳞癌之间,与正常组相比,各参数值多无显著性差异,而与鳞癌组差异显著。结论:OLP是一种介于正常与轻、中度上皮异常增生之间的病变,具有一定的癌变倾向,但癌变潜能低于癌前白斑。二维定量和三维定量结合可更全面地反映口腔黏膜癌变过程中细胞及细胞核的量变质变过程;核质比值、细胞核体积密度可作为鉴别良恶性病变的参考指标。     

Cell morphometric analysis in oral submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma]

The morphometry of the cells and the nuclei in the spinous cells of oral epithelium in 48 specimens were studied by interactive image analysis system (IBAS-II). Five groups, normal mucosa, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), leukoplakia, epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, were included. The result showed a progressive reduction in the dimensions (area, perimeter, all kinds of diameter) of the cells from normal mucosa, through OSF, leukoplakia, dysplasia to carcinoma (P < 0.01), while the dimensions of the nuclei did not show significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05), except the minimum diameter, but the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio showed a progressive increase (P < 0.01). The shape factors (form factor [PE] and contour index [CI]) seemed to be less helpful in identification. It indicated that the decrease of cell area of the spinous cell could reflect a malignant progress, and nuclear cytoplasmic ratio might be an objective feature to distinguish carcinoma from other lesions. The result also suggested that the pathological grade of OSF is between normal mucosa and mild epithelial dysplasia.     

口腔白斑癌变过程中整合素β1的表达及其与细胞增殖的关系

目的 探讨整合素β1在口腔白斑癌变发生、发展中的可能作用及其与细胞增殖的关系.方法 免疫组化SP法研究整合素β1及Ki-67在12例正常口腔黏膜、10例单纯增生白斑、24例异常增生白斑、14例早期浸润癌组织中的表达情况及关系.结果 在正常黏膜及单纯增生白斑中整合素β1表达于基底及副基底层细胞的胞膜;Ki-67在基底及副基底层的胞核中表达.在异常增生白斑及早期浸润癌中可见整合素β1表达于基底层、增生的棘层细胞及癌细胞胞膜;Ki-67表达于基底层、增生的棘层细胞及癌细胞的胞核.整合素β1在异常增生及早期浸润癌中的强阳性表达率分别为29%(7/24)、57%(8/14);Ki-67在异常增生及早期浸润癌中的强阳性表达率分别为42%(10/24)、57%(8/14).整合素β1、Ki-67在4组病变之间的阳性分级差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.651,P=0.014;χ2=14.831,P=0.002);整合素β1在正常黏膜、单纯增生组与早期浸润癌组之间的差异有统计学意义(P=0.008,P=0.013).Ki-67在正常黏膜组与异常增生组、早期浸润癌组之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.026,P=0.001),单纯增生组与早期浸润癌组之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.005).整合素β1与Ki-67的表达显著相关(R=0.442,P＜0.01).结论 整合素β1在口腔白斑异常增生及早期浸润癌中表达增强,可能与促进细胞增殖有关.     

Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of oral mucosa with Candida infection

Eighteen oral mucosal biopsies with Candida infection were studied with light and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, candidal infected oral mucosa was classified with epithelial hyperplasia, 15 cases and epithelial dysplasia, three cases. Four of 15 epithelial hyperplasias showed marked parakeratosis, and high grade acanthosis with many eosinophilic cells in the spinous cell layers. Epithelial dysplasia was characterized by atrophy of the spinous cell layers and increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio in the basal cell layers. Ultrastructurally, candidal infected oral mucosa showed numerous small desmosomes and the interdigitation of cytoplasmic membranes between spinous cells in both epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, eosinophilic spinous cells, observed predominantly in epithelial hyperplasia showed intricate arrangement of dense tonofibrils. These ultrastructural findings seemed to give rise to mechanical strength between spinous cells in oral mucous epithelium with Candida infection. Results in this study suggest that excessive hyperplasia of candidal infected oral mucosa might be a protective reaction to the invasion of candidal pseudohyphae, but not associated with precancerous conditions.     

Short telomeres in an oral precancerous lesion: Q-FISH analysis of leukoplakia

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 372–378 Objectives: A precancerous condition is a lesion that, if left untreated, leads to cancer or can be induced to become malignant. In the oral region, leukoplakia is a lesion that has been regarded as precancerous. In cases of oral carcinoma, we have frequently noticed that a type of leukoplakia histologically demonstrating hyper‐orthokeratosis and mild atypia (ortho‐keratotic dysplasia; OKD) is often associated with carcinoma, either synchronously or metachronously. Therefore, we consider OKD‐type leukoplakia to be a true precancerous lesion. Materials and Methods: In an attempt to clarify the relationship between OKD as a precancerous condition in the oral mucosa and telomere length, we estimated telomere lengths in this type of leukoplakia using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, and also quantified the frequency of anaphase–telophase bridges (ATBs) in comparison with squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) and the background tissues of CIS and OKD. Results: Ortho‐keratotic dysplasia was frequently associated with squamous cell carcinoma (45.0%) and showed significantly shorter telomeres than normal control epithelium, CIS, or the background of CIS or OKD. The frequency of ATBs was much higher in OKD than in control epithelium or CIS. Conclusion: Ortho‐keratotic dysplasia appears to be frequently associated with carcinoma, chromosomal instability, and excessively shortened telomeres, not only in the lesion itself but also in the surrounding background. Therefore, when this type of leukoplakia is recognized in the oral region, strict follow‐up for oral squamous cell carcinoma is necessary, focusing not only on the areas of leukoplakia, but also the surrounding background.     

Macro- and microanatomy of the lateral border of the tongue with special reference to oral hairy leukoplakia

The macro- and microanatomy of the marginal tongue mucosa were studied. Tissues were harvested from 12 individuals at autopsy. Random sections from six different locations along the margin and serial sections representing three defined section planes to the margin of the tongue were evaluated. Vertical, parallel mucosal folds alternating with shallow grooves were a characteristic macroscopical findings on the lateral border of the tongue. The mucosa presented a non-keratinized epithelium with PAS-positive, lightly stained spinous cells and no or slight inflammatory reaction in the connective tissue. Changes in the epithelium mimicking hyperplasia, acanthosis, keratin projections, and focal parakeratosis could be produced by changing the direction of tissue sectioning. The macro- and microscopical parameters recorded in normal marginal tongue mucosa are among other included in criteria for diagnosing oral hairy leukoplakia. The results emphasize the importance of a thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy of a mucosal site to arrive at reliable diagnostic criteria.     

Expression of p16 in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

Background:  Expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to evaluate p16 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia.
Methods:  Expression of p16 was investigated in 56 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa. Expression of p16 was identified by immunohistochemistry, using the CINtecTM p16INK4a Histology Kit. Both nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered to be positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated.
Results:  Expression of p16 was detected in 3/16 (18.75%) cases of OSCC, in 4/15 (26.7%) cases of OL without dysplasia, and in none of OL with dysplasia and normal mucosa. No significant differences in p16 expression prevalence were found among OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal mucosa. The percentages of positive cells in OSCC and OL without dysplasia were 0.89 and 0.17, respectively. No significant difference in the percentage of positive keratinocytes was found.
Conclusion:  As a marker, p16 is not reliable for oral mucosal dysplasia and malignant transformation.     

CD25~＋ Foxp3~＋调节性T细胞和Th17细胞在口腔白斑组织中的表达

目的：通过观察CD25＋Foxp3＋和IL-17阳性细胞在口腔黏膜白斑（oral leukoplakia,OLK）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC）组织中的表达情况,探讨Treg细胞和Th17细胞在口腔癌发生发展过程中的变化。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD25＋Foxp3＋、IL-17阳性细胞在10例单纯增生性白斑、32例异常增生性白斑、13例OSCC和10例正常口腔黏膜中的变化情况。结果：正常口腔黏膜组、单纯增生性白斑组、异常增生性白斑组和OSCC组CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞数量逐渐增高（P〈0.05）,依次为（2.5±0.65）、（5.22±1.19）、（31.4±16.8）和（42.8±12.67）个/每高倍镜视野。重度异常增生白斑组织中,CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞的数量高于轻、中度异常增生白斑组织（P〈0.05）。此外,正常口腔黏膜组、单纯增生性白斑组、异常增生性白斑组和OSCC组中表达IL-17的阳性细胞虽有递增趋势,但差异无统计学意义。CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg细胞和Th17细胞数量改变在口腔白斑和OSCC组织中呈正相关（r=0.318,P〈0.05）。结论：Treg细胞的数量在白斑和OSCC组织中增多,Th17细胞协同Treg细胞,在口腔癌发生发展过程中发挥了一定的作用。     

Immunohistochemical study of syndecan-1 down-regulation and the expression of p53 protein or Ki-67 antigen in oral leukoplakia with or without epithelial dysplasia

BACKGROUND: Leukoplakia is an oral pre-cancerous lesion that sometimes develops into squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia is useful for studying carcinogenesis at the cellular level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential association between the loss of syndecan-1 expression and the expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen, and to identify reliable markers for predicting malignant changes in oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia. METHODS: Changes in the expression of syndecan-1, p53, and Ki-67 were examined immunohistochemically in 43 cases of oral leukoplakia with or without epithelial dysplasia. The subjects were categorized as: none, 13 cases; mild dysplasia, 5 cases; moderate dysplasia, 17 cases; and severe dysplasia, 8 cases. The expression of these molecules in normal oral epithelia (22 cases) was also investigated. RESULTS: Strong syndecan-1 expression was observed on the surface of keratinocytes in normal epithelium. Immunopositivity was lost gradually as the extent of epithelial dysplasia increased. In normal epithelium, p53 and Ki-67 appeared mainly in the basal cell layer, while they were more widely distributed in leukoplakia. Specifically, significant changes were observed in the labeling index of p53 and Ki-67 in leukoplakia as epithelial dysplasia progressed from mild to moderate or severe. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that overexpression of p53 protein and Ki-67 antigen, and down-regulation of syndecan-1 expression in the lower part of the epithelium, are associated with dysplastic changes. Therefore, the down-regulation of syndecan-1 expression may be the most important reliable marker for dysplastic changes.     

Quantitative cellular and nuclear volumetric alterations in epithelium from lichen planus lesions of human buccal mucosa

Patients with oral lichen planus lesions may represent a relatively high risk population for subsequent development of oral cancer. Little is known of the relative effects of chronic inflammation and the process of malignant transformation itself on the histological structure of transforming epithelia. We have assessed cellular and nuclear volumes in defined basal and spinous cells from normal buccal mucosa epithelium, from epithelium associated with a non-specific chronic inflammatory infiltrate and from lichen planus lesions. Normal (N) tissues were obtained from the margins of non-neoplastic buccal mucosa lesions. Inflammatory (INF) lesions were from areas of the buccal mucosa diagnosed clinically as traumatic irritation without ulceration, and lichen planus (LI) lesions were biopsied from areas exhibiting Wickham's striae. Basal and spinous epithelial cells from normal and pathological human buccal mucosa were measured on haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections imaged through a video camera using a Z_CELL VIDAS analyser and from these measurements, nuclear (V_N) and cellular (V_CELL) volumes were determined. V_N and V_CELL derived for both basal and spinous strata were similar in N and INF groups but were almost doubled in the LI group. Comparisons between LI and all other groups were significantly elevated. The effects of the inflammatory infiltrate on the oral epithelium in lichen planus and in non-specific inflammation thus differ significantly. V_N and V cell may serve as potential discriminators between benign lesions and premalignant lichen planus.     

Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma

Ramaesh T, Mendis BRRN, Ratnatunga N, Thattil RQ: Cytomorphometric analysis of squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 83–6. © Munksgaard, 1998.
Cell and nuclear diameters (CD and ND) were measured in squames obtained from normal buccal mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous carcinoma (SCC) also from buccal mucosa. The study groups consisted of Group 1: normal buccal mucosa ( n = 40); Group 2: lesions with no epithelial dysplasia ( n = 58); Group 3: lesions with epithelial dysplasia ( n = 27); and Group 4: SCC lesions ( n = 51). The mean CD and ND values were: Group 1: 51.78 (± 0.11) and 8.36 (± 0.49); Group 2: 45.73 (± 0.16) and 8.31(± 0.68); Group 3: 41.32 (± 0.13) and 9.04 (± 0.46); Group 4: 38.58 (± 0.11) and 10.10 (± 0.56) urn, respectively. Correlation between the ND and CD was positive for Group 1 ( r = 0.78, P < 0.05) and Group 2 ( r = 0.33, P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations in Groups 3 and 4. ANOVA showed significant differences ( P < 0.05) for CD between all four groups. Except between Groups 1 and 2, the ND was significantly different ( P < 0.05) between all groups. The results indicate that ND and CD could possibly be sensitive parameters in the diagnosis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of epithelial glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in normal, benign, premalignant and malignant human oral mucosa

The expression and localization of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes in the epithelium of normal oral mucosa ( n = 9), overlying reactive fibrous hyperplasia ( n =9), and of potentially malignant [leukoplakia ( n =25), submucous fibrosis ( n =12), verrucous hyperplasia ( n =16)] and malignant [squamous cell carcinoma ( n =36), verrucous carcinoma ( n =13)] oral lesions were examined immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies raised against GST isoenzymes (alpha, mu and pi) with the standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. GST alpha, mu and pi were almost completely absent in the epithelium of normal oral mucosa and overlying benign fibrous tissues. GST alpha staining was cytoplasmic and focally positive, while GST mu staining was similar to but weaker than that seen for GST alpha. GST pi showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining and was expressed in 60% of leukoplakias with mild dysplasia ( n =15), 80% of leukoplakias with moderate to severe dysplasia ( n =10). 75% of submucous fibrosis samples ( n =12), 75% of verrucous hyperplasias ( n =16), 77% of verrucous carcinomas ( n =13), 81% of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas ( n = 26) and 70% of moderate- to poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas ( n =10). In addition, GST pi expression was independent of the state of differentiation of oral cancers. Since GST pi was significantly over-expressed in the oral premalignant and malignant lesions, the kinetics of GST pi-positive cells and the value of GST pi as a tumor marker in oral carcinogenesis need further investigation.     

Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in oral leukoplakia: Association with clinicopathological features and cellular proliferation

Objectives: to investigate the immunoexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a sample of oral leukoplakias (OL) and to determine the receptor’s association with dysplasia, tobacco consumption, lesion site, and proliferation rate. Although EGFR should be overexpressed in some oral leukoplakias, the factors that may interfere with this expression and the influence of this receptor on epithelial proliferation have yet to be investigated. Study Design: Samples of oral leukoplakias (48) and of normal oral epithelium (10) were immunohistologically examined for expression of EGFR. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, and p27 were also performed in leukoplakias. EGFR expression was associated with clinical and pathological features. Results: EGFR was positive in 62.5% of the leukoplakias and 50% of normal oral epithelium. The number of EGFR positive OL located in high-risk sites was significantly higher than EGFR positive OL located in low-risk sites. Most of the p27 negative leukoplakias were EGFR positive, and the p27 index in the parabasal layer was diminished in the presence of dysplasia. Positivity for EGFR was not associated with dysplasia, tobacco exposure, or Ki-67. Conclusion: EGFR is expressed in leukoplakia regardless of dysplasia, but EGFR positivity should be more frequent in lesions sited in areas of high cancer risk. The association between EGFR and p27 may represent an important mechanism in the control of cellular proliferation and malignant progression of oral epithelium and therefore warrants further investigation. Key words:Oral leukoplakia, EGFR, p27, Ki-67, epithelial dysplasia.     

Nerve growth factor beta/pro-nerve growth factor and their receptors in normal human oral mucosa

Nerve growth factor beta (NGF-beta) and its precursor proNGF are important for the differentiation and survival of neurons and dermal keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the role that NGF might play in the differentiation and wound healing of oral mucosa. Cultured normal human oral mucosal keratinocytes expressed mRNA for NGF-beta/proNGF and for their receptors TrkA and p75(NTR). Lysates from cultured oral mucosal keratinocytes did not contain detectable amounts of mature 14-kDa NGF-beta but did contain several NGF proforms with molecular weights between 32 and 114 kDa. Culture medium from oral mucosal keratinocytes contained 75 kDa proNGF. The addition of NGF-beta significantly enhanced the proliferation of oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures and in vitro scratch closure. Immunostaining of biopsies from normal oral mucosa showed the presence of proNGF in all epithelial layers. NGF staining was observed in the granular and upper spinous cell layers. TrkA immunoreactivity was detected in basal and parabasal cells, with weak to moderate staining in spinous and granular cell layers. p75(NTR) staining was seen in basal cell layers. These findings indicate that NGF-beta/proNGF have mitogenic and motogenic effects on oral mucosal keratinocytes and therefore may aid in the healing of oral wounds. Differential expression of NGF and NGF receptors throughout the epithelium suggests a role in epithelial differentiation.     

Alteration in the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 proteins in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 793–799 Background: Cdk4 and cdk6, key players in G1 phase, have been shown to play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigated the expression of these two proteins in OSCC and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia and determined if alterations in the expression of these two proteins could be used as markers of malignant transformation. Methods: Expressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were evaluated in 61 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal oral mucosa using immunohistochemistry method. Nuclear staining of the keratinocytes was considered positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. Results: Expression of cdk4 was found in 11/15 (73.33%) OSCC, 13/14 (92.85%) OL with dysplasia, 13/20 (65%) OL without dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) normal mucosa. Expression of cdk6 was detected in 9/15 (60%) OSCC, 3/14 (21.43%) OL with dysplasia, 5/20 (25%) OL without dysplasia and 1/12 (8.33%) normal mucosa. In cdk4 stained specimens, the frequency of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa was significantly lower than OL with dysplasia and OSCC. For cdk6 staining, the prevalence of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa were significantly lower than OSCC. Conclusions: Overexpressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were observed in OSCC, indicating that these two proteins play a crucial role in OSCC. The aberrant expression of cdk4 was found in OL with dysplasia, suggesting that cdk4 may be involved in the early event of carcinogenesis.     

整联蛋白连接激酶在口腔白斑及早期浸润癌中的表达

目的 研究整联蛋白连接激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)在口腔自斑及早期浸润癌中的表达特点及演变规律,以期为口腔癌前病变的诊断、治疗及口腔癌的预防提供依据.方法 联合应用免疫组织化学及过碘酸希夫反应(periodic acid Schiff reaction,PAS)方法研究ILK在19例正常口腔黏膜(正常黏膜组)、43例白斑伴上皮单纯增生(单纯增生组)、84例白斑伴上皮异常增生[异常增生组,包括轻、中度异常增生44例(轻中度异常增生组),重度异常增生和原位癌40例(重度异常增牛组)]及54例早期浸润癌(浸润癌组)中的表达情况及分布规律.结果 ILK在正常口腔黏膜中呈阴性表达,在其他3组中的阳性表达率可高达90%(163/181),并且ILK在间质的表达随病变程度的加重而增加(χ2=41.585,P<0.001).白斑从单纯增生至癌变,ILK的表达呈现从上皮浅层向基底层下移的趋势,基底细胞由阴性转为阳性着色,并且伴随从胞质向胞膜的分布改变.重度异常增生组基底层和间质表达之间差异有统计学意义(P=0.029).ILK在早期浸润癌的癌巢表达较癌旁上皮浅,间质阳性的病例[76%(41/54)]较重度异常增生[45%(18/40)]增多.结论 ILK在口腔白斑的癌变中可能起莺要作用,确切机制需进一步研究.     

Intraepithelial expression of perlecan, a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan reflects dysplastic changes of the oral mucosal epithelium

BACKGROUND: Intercellular deposition of perlecan, a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) of the basement membrane, is known to result in characteristic stellate reticulum-like structures in ameloblastomas or tooth germs. Although enlargement of the intercellular space is one of the histological characteristics of epithelial dysplasia of oral mucosa, the mode of expression of perlecan is poorly understood in these epithelial lesions. METHODS: Eighty-two biopsy specimens consisting of normal and hyperplastic epithelium, epithelial dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinomas were examined for both perlecan core protein and heparan sulfate (HS) chains by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In normal and hyperplastic epithelium, perlecan core protein and HS chains were localized in the cell border of parabasal cells and lower prickle cells, and HS chains were also found in basal cells. With an increase in the severity of epithelial dysplasia, the core protein was heavily and extensively deposited in the interepithelial space as well as in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells from the basal to the surface layers. Its gene expression was confirmed in the cells around the protein deposits. On the other hand, HS chains were enhanced in mild dysplasia, but decreased in moderate and severe dysplasias. In squamous cell carcinomas, either the core protein or HS chains were found scarcely in tumor cells but abundantly in the stromal space. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that perlecan is localized in the intercellular space of the oral epithelia, and that it is over-expressed in dysplastic epithelial cells and is deposited in their interepithelial space, which results in the histology of reduction of cellular cohesion.     

Increase in placental glutathione S-transferase in human oral epithelial dysplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas

This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of human placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-φ) in the epithelium of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Epithelial lining of normal oral mucosa, hyperplastic lesions and oral epithelium exhibiting mild dysplasia showed weak to moderate GST-φ staining. Moderate epithelial dysplasia revealed an increased antibody content while severe dysplasia. carcinoma- in-situ (CIS) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) demonstrated markedly increased antibody binding. The GST-φ staining was evident mainly in the cytoplasm. Severe dysplasia. CIS and SCC were also characterized by areas of cells with intensive nuclear GST-φ staining. These findings support the hypothesis that GST-φ plays a role in human oral carcinogenesis and may be used as a tumor marker for human oral premalignant and malignant lesions.     

口腔鳞癌发生过程中Survivin促血管生成作用的研究

目的探讨口腔鳞癌发生过程中Survivin促进血管生成的作用。方法选取北京口腔医院病理科存档石蜡标本45例,其中口腔白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生16例,口腔白斑伴上皮重度异常增生12例,口腔高-中分化鳞状细胞癌17例,另取正常口腔粘膜组织10例作对照。采用免疫组化SP法对各组织病损中Survivin和Von Willebrand Factor的表达情况进行检测。结果免疫组化结果显示,从正常粘膜→白斑伴上皮轻-中度异常增生→白斑伴上皮重度异常增生→口腔鳞癌,Survivin的表达量呈增加趋势;微血管密度则由正常对照组的28．49±11．87条／mm^2升高到口腔鳞癌组的91．98±40．20条／mm^2,各组之间有显著性差异。结论Survivin的过度表达是口腔鳞癌发生过程中的早期事件。随着Survivin表达量的增加,微血管密度明显升高。Survivin的过表达可能抑制了血管内皮细胞的凋亡,从而促进血管的生成。