带金属底冠的定制比色板与VITA比色板的色度学分析比较

目的 比较VITA比色板和带金属底冠定制比色板的颜色特性。方法 采用PR-650型光谱扫描色度仪分别对5套VITA比色板和5套带金属底冠的定制比色板进行9区颜色测量。结果 VITA比色板的色度值范围L*为56.86-73.86,a*为-1.29-3.69,b*为7.09-21.94,透明度为3.20-7.59;定制比色板的色度值范围L*为60.59-78.54,a*为-1.09-4.99,b*为7.60-22.35,透明度为0.23-10.98。与VITA比色板相比,定制比色板的L*、a*、b*较大,二者的透明度也存在差异,同名比色片间的色差值大于1.5 NBS。结论 VITA比色板和定制比色板的颜色存在差异,金属底冠对金瓷修复体的颜色有一定影响,在临床比色时应予以充分考虑。     

A Custom Shade Guide System for Composite Resins

Shade guides that are included in most composite kits are not made of the actual resin material. Therefore the true shade, translucency, or opacity of the composite resin is not readily apparent with stock shade guides. Due to this fact, it has become evident that the best solution to the shade guide problem is to construct a custom shade guide from the actual resin. Until recently, fabrication of custom shade guides has been a time-consuming, inefficient task. Now, a simple and efficient method of forming accurate shade guides for composites is available. With its unique handle/template design, T-TABs^TM enable a dentist to create a precise, labeled shade guide within minutes. There are many advantages to both dentist and patient when T-TABs are employed in the construction of custom shade guides.     

不同配色方案对复合树脂双层修复颜色的影响

目的:研究不同牙釉质/牙本质树脂配色方案对复合树脂双层修复颜色效果的影响。方法:选择2个品牌(Z350,NG)按照牙釉质色与牙本质色一致(方案1),牙本质色比牙釉质色加深一个色号(方案2),牙釉质色统一为A3色(方案3)3种配色方案制作釉质层1.0 mm厚双层修复树脂试样,分光光谱仪测量获取试样颜色参数并计算与Vita经典比色板的色差(ΔE)。结果:2种树脂品牌及3种配色方案的ΔE值均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。Z350的ΔE值均小于NG。对于A1色,方案一的△E值最小;对于A2色,方案1、2的ΔE值小于方案3。结论:对于釉质层1.0 mm厚的树脂双层修复,Z350颜色与比色板颜色更接近;对于A1色,牙釉质色与牙本质色一致的传统配色方案与A1色比色板颜色最接近;对于A2色,传统方案与牙本质色比牙釉质色深一个色号的配色方案与A2色比色板颜色更接近。     

自酸蚀粘接剂对流动树脂边缘密封性的影响

目的:比较几种不同自酸蚀粘接剂对流动树脂充填牙合面洞的边缘密封性的影响。方法:收集42颗拔除的完整第三磨牙,制备牙合面洞:2 mm×2 mm×2 mm,随机分为7组,分别使用不同粘接剂处理:A(SE Bond)、B(Liner Bond F)、C(SE Protect)、D(SE Bond 2)、E(SE One)、F(S3 Bond)、G(Universal Bond Kit)。流动树脂充填。使用声发射记录光固化开始前后2000 s的声发射事件,光学相干断层扫描检测树脂-牙体界面的密封性。结果:声发射信号在光固化开始后的150 s内声发射事件数迅速增长。E组的平均声发射事件数目最少且增长速率最慢,F组增长速率最快,B组的平均声发射事件数目最多。各组间声发射事件数无显著性差异。对于光学相干断层扫描,E组产生的界面间隙百分比最小,各组间无显著性差异。结论:声发射与光学相干断层扫描可以用来检测修复体与牙体间界面间隙的产生。一步法和两步法自酸蚀粘接剂的粘接效果没有显著性差异。     

测色仪分析Solidex树脂与比色板颜色的匹配性

目的：分析Solidex体层树脂与Vita比色板色标颜色的匹配性。方法：选用Solidex体层树脂A1、A3、C2色调,每一色调制备5个试样（2.0mm厚,10mm直径）,及Z100树脂A1、A3、C2色调树脂试样（4.0mm厚,10mm直径）作为背景试样。ShadeEyeNCC测色仪测量Solidex树脂试样及对应Vita比色板色标的L＊a＊b＊值。测量后,减小Solidex树脂试样的厚度分别至1.8mm、1.6mm、1.4mm、1.2mm、1.0mm,测量试样颜色并计算试样与比色板色标的色差值。结果：Solidex树脂试样与色标间的色差值范围6.18～14.29;并且随着试样厚度减小,色差值增大。结论：在本研究中Solidex树脂试样与比色板色标的色差值较大,并且为大多数观察者所不可接受。     

Optimization of Tooth Color and Shade Guide Design

PURPOSE: One critical prerequisite for dental shade guides is to match the color range and distribution of human teeth. The purpose of this study was to design computer models for dental shade guides and compare them with an existing shade guide. A targeted coverage error for a newly developed shade guide was DeltaE(ab) < 2 with a corresponding CIE2000 value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1064 teeth were evaluated in vivo using an intra-oral spectrophotometer. Shade guide models were designed using different methods for representation of the data set, hierarchical clustering, and nonlinear constrained optimization. Coverage error was calculated for both CIELAB and CIE2000 values. Recorded values were compared with coverage error of Vitapan Classical (VC) shade guide. Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples and linear regression were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS: Coverage error of VC was 4.1 (SD 1.8), ranging from 0.5 to 11.5 DeltaE(ab). Group A shades had the best match for human teeth (43.9%) followed by Groups C (24.1%), B (20.4%), and D (11.7%) shades, respectively. CIELAB coverage error of the newly designed 24-tab shade guide using clustering and optimization was 2.05 (0.95) and 1.96 (0.92), respectively. Corresponding CIE2000 coverage error values were 1.43 (0.68) and 1.40 (0.65), respectively. A significant difference between results obtained using clustering and optimization was determined. CIELAB color differences were greater, but highly correlated as compared with their CIE2000 counterparts (DeltaE(00)= 0.64 x DeltaE(76)+ 0.13, r > 0.99). DISCUSSION: This study demonstrated that, compared with existing shade guides, future shade guides can provide either (a) similar coverage of tooth color with fewer tabs, thus simplifying shade matching procedure, or (b) better coverage of tooth color with a similar number of tabs, in both cases increasing the chances of satisfactory matches and, consequently, better esthetics. CONCLUSIONS: Both clustering and optimization enabled better representation of tooth color as compared with an existing dental shade guide. Optimization outperformed clustering and is therefore recommended as a method of choice for representation of tooth color and designing of dental shade guides.     

直接复合树脂分层充填技术对微笑美容的修复

复合树脂是一种价格较低而具有良好的临床表现的材料．可被用于提高微笑美学修复的美学效果。本文的目的是研究通过活髓牙漂白和直接复合树脂分层充填技术增强和重现前牙列美观与咬合的两种修复治疗方法。     

金瓷修复体与VITA成品比色板色度差

目的 掌握ＶＩＴＡ成品比色板及金瓷修复体的色度规律,合理,客观使用ＶＩＴＡ成品比色板,方法 随机抽取由同一位技师采用ＹＫＨ－１Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ烤瓷合金,ＶＩＴＡＶＭＫ６８系列瓷粉制作的９２件前牙金瓷修复体,对其颜色及所选ＶＩＴＡ成品比色板色片颜色用美能达ＣＲ－１００型色度计,ＣＩＥ１９７５Ｌａｂ系统进行测试。结果 金瓷修复体的明显值均高于所选比色片的明度值,二者色相一致,彩度值不相同,存在的肉眼能区分的     

Shear Bond Comparison between 4 Bioceramic Materials and Dual-cure Composite Resin

IntroductionBioceramic materials have shown biologic and physical properties favorable for regenerative treatment. A key to treatment success is an adequate restoration to prevent microleakage; however, research is limited regarding the bond strength between restorative and bioceramic materials used in regenerative procedures. This study compared the bond strength between 4 bioceramic materials and a dual-cure composite resin.MethodsEighty wells in Teflon (ePlastics, San Diego, CA) blocks were filled with bioceramic materials representing 4 groups: White ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France), EndoSequence Root Repair Material Fast Set Putty (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), and NeoMTA (Avalon Biomed Inc, Houston, TX). After allowing samples to set according to the manufacturers’ instructions, exposed surfaces of the bioceramic materials were prepared using ClearFil SE Bond (Kuraray America, Inc., New York, NY) followed by restoration with ClearFil DC Core Plus (Kuraray America, Inc.). To test shear bond strength, each block was secured in a universal testing machine, and the crosshead was advanced at 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Newton peak force was recorded and megapascals calculated followed by data comparison.ResultsThe mean shear bond strengths between ClearFil DC Core Plus and the bioceramic materials were as follows: White ProRoot MTA, 7.96 MPa; Biodentine, 9.18 MPa; EndoSequence Root Repair Material Fast Set Putty, 4.47 MPa; and NeoMTA, 5.72 MPa. White ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were statistically similar, with a higher stress bond strength than NeoMTA, which had a statistically greater bond strength than EndoSequence Root Repair Material. All these values were lower than typical bond strengths shown for dentin–composite resin bonding.ConclusionsThe choice of which bioceramic material to use in regenerative procedures should be based on factors other than the bond between that material and the overlying coronal resin restoration.     

Using a Colorimeter to Develop an Intrinsic Silicone Shade Guide for Facial Prostheses

PURPOSE: To determine if using CIE L*a*b* color measurements of white facial skin could be correlated to those of silicone shade samples that visually matched the skin. Secondly, to see if a correlation in color measurements could be achieved between the silicone shade samples and duplicated silicone samples made using a shade-guide color formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A color booth was designed according to ASTM specifications, and painted using a Munsell Value 8 gray. A Minolta colorimeter was used to make facial skin measurements on 15 white adults. The skin color was duplicated using custom-shaded silicone samples. A 7-step wedge silicone shade guide was then fabricated, representing the commonly encountered thicknesses when fabricating facial prostheses. The silicone samples were then measured with the Minolta colorimeter. The readings were compared with the previous L*a*b* readings from the corresponding patient's skin measurements, and the relative color difference was then calculated. Silicone samples were fabricated and analyzed for three of the patients to determine if duplication of the visually matched silicone specimen was possible using the silicone color formula, and if the duplicates were visually and colorimetrically equivalent to each other. The color difference Delta E and chromaticity was calculated, and the data were analyzed using a coefficient-of-variation formula expressed by percent. A Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was performed to determine if a correlation existed between the skin and the silicone samples at the p < or = .05 level. RESULTS: The highest correlation was found in the b* dimension for silicone thicknesses of 1 to 4 mm. For silicone thicknesses of 6 to 10 mm, the highest correlation was found in the L* dimension. All three dimensions had positive correlations (R2 > 0), but only the 1-mm and 4-mm b* readings were very strong. Patient and silicone L*a*b* measurement results showed very little change in the a* axis, while the L* and b* measurements showed more change in their numbers, with changes in depth for all patient silicone samples. Delta E numbers indicated the lowest Delta E at the 1-mm depth and the highest Delta E at the 10-mm depth. All duplicated samples matched their original silicone samples to a degree that visual evaluation could not distinguish any color differences. Using volumetric measurements, a shade guide was developed for all 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS: There was good correlation between the patient's colorimeter measurements and the silicone samples, with the b* color dimension the most reproducible, followed by the L* and the a*. Silicone samples at 6, 8, and 10 mm matched the patient the best, and this study showed that silicone samples can be duplicated successfully if a good patient-silicone match is obtained. Rayon flocking fibers and liquid makeup are effective at matching facial prostheses and can be used to develop a simple shade guide for patient application.     

不同复合树脂桩核材料与纤维桩微拉伸强度的对照研究

目的:比较3种复合树脂核材料与玻璃纤维桩的微拉伸粘接强度.方法:21个DT Light玻璃纤维桩随机分为3组(n=7),分别用3种不同的复合树脂核材料DC Core Automix(DC)、LuxaCore(Lc)、卡瑞斯玛前后牙通用复合树脂(CS)粘固制成桩核样本,制备好的样本切割成截面为1 mm×1 mm的条状试件用于微拉伸强度测试.结果:DC与纤维桩的微拉伸粘结强度显著高于LC和CS(P＜0.05),LC和CS与纤维桩的微拉伸粘结强度没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:DC Core Automix与玻璃纤维桩的粘结性能优于另两种复合树脂核材料.     

声波充填术与分层充填术对树脂微渗漏的影响

目的:扫描电镜下比较声波充填术与分层充填术对树脂微渗漏的影响。方法:选取20个离体牙在邻牙合面制备3 mm×4 mm x5 mm窝洞,利用Sonicfill声波充填及分层充填术充填窝洞,光固化后并随机分为A组和B组。用2%亚甲基蓝溶液浸染1周,扫描电镜下观察试件剖面(近远中向),观察染液渗入深度,评价微渗漏程度,并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:A、B组微渗漏差异无统计学意义。结论:声波充填术比分层充填术更节省操作时间,可获得与分层充填术相当的边缘封闭性。     

Adhesive Bonding of Resin Composite to Various Ni‐Cr Alloy Surfaces Using Different Metal Conditioners and a Surface Modification System

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners [Metal Photo Primer^® (MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer^® (OP), Targis Link^® (TL)], and one surface modification system [Siloc^® (S)] on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to Ni‐Cr alloy. Materials and Methods: Rivet‐shaped specimens were cast, and three surface treatments were evaluated: Polishing (P); sandblasting with either 50 μm (50SB) or 250 μm (250SB) Al₂O₃. All products were applied to half of the specimens, while the other half remained without the materials. Veneering resin composite (8‐mm diameter, 2‐mm thick) was applied and light‐exposed for 90 seconds in a laboratory light‐curing unit. The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours, and half were subjected to 500 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4°C and 60°C. All specimens were submitted to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until failure. Failure patterns were determined using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (preset alpha of 5%). Results: The SBS values of OP and TL groups were higher than those of MPP and S within the 50SB treatment (p < 0.05). No significant difference in SBS was noted between OP and TL as well as between MPP and S. On the other hand, no significant differences were found among conditioners within the 250SB group (p > 0.05). The SBS values of MPP, OP, and S from the 250SB group were higher than those from 50SB (p < 0.05). No significant difference in SBS was noted among most groups with conditioners after thermocycling. The only exception was observed for MPP, which showed an increase in SBS after thermocycling (p < 0.05). Differences in SBS were noted among the groups with conditioners (p < 0.05), and no significant difference in SBS was noted between TL and OP groups, which showed the highest values among all within the P group. No significant difference was noted between MPP and S. Debonded surfaces showed adhesive failures predominantly located between metal surface and opaque resin. Conclusions: The OP and TL conditioners and surface sandblasting with 250 μm Al₂O₃ promoted the highest SBS between resin and the Ni‐Cr metal surface.     

苄乙氧胺氯复合树脂的应用研究

目的：将苄乙氧胺氯加入复合树脂中，用以充填龋洞，探讨其防龋效果。方法：将苄乙氧胺氯按3％的比例加入复合树脂中，充填30例50颗乳磨牙，对苄乙氧胺氯复合树脂的径向抗张强度、抗压强度、硬固时间、硬度及抑菌能力进行检测，与普通复合树脂进行比较。结果：①苄乙氧胺氯复合树脂组50颗牙除6颗生理性吸收，5颗充填物脱落，其余39颗充填物完好，无继发龋。普通树脂充填组7颗发生生理性吸收，4颗充填物脱落，10颗发生继发龋：②两组树脂的理比性能尤明显差异。结论：苄乙氧胺氯复合树脂具有预防龋洞充填后产生继发龋的特点。     

粘接树脂的色调对白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷色参数的影响

目的:探讨粘接树脂的色调对白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷色参数的影响.方法:制作28个直径10 mm、厚1 mm的白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷试件(IPS Empress,A2色),实验组在试件表面涂塑厚度为0.2 mm的Variolink Ⅱ树脂粘接剂,色调分别为黄、棕和白,各7个;未涂塑树脂粘接剂者为对照组.用PR-650分光光度仪测量各组试件的颜色参数并计算组间色差,对测量的数据进行统计学分析.结果:粘接树脂的色调对IPS Empress铸瓷试件的色参数有显著影响(P＜0.05),实验组较对照组的L*值降低, a*、b*值增高;实验组与对照组间及各实验组间的色差有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:粘接树脂的色调对白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷色参数有显著影响,临床上粘接白榴石增强玻璃陶瓷修复体时应考虑这一影响.