血清及尿NGAL和胱抑素C对新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤早期临床诊断的相关性分析

目的评估和比较血清及尿中性粒细胞胶原酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和胱抑素C在新生儿缺氧缺血性肾功能损伤中的临床应用价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和胶乳增强免疫比浊法对本院重度窒息70例缺血缺氧性肾功能损伤新生儿患者血、尿中NGAL和胱抑素C含量进行测定并与25例健康新生儿血、尿指标作对比。结果缺血缺氧性肾功能损伤新生儿患者血、尿胱抑素C显著高于健康新生儿,差异有统计学意义。血、尿胱抑素C预测AKI的曲线下面积AUC分别为0.83和0.87,检测阈值分别为1.和0.12 mg/L。然而,血清NGAL表现较差(AUC 0.44),但尿NGAL显示出对新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤诊断的显著区分(AUC 0.81),检测阈值为29.5 ng/mL,敏感度为88%,特异性为73%。结论血清和尿胱抑素C和尿NGAL在新生儿缺血缺氧性肾损伤的诊断中有重要意义,其指标的升高与肾脏损害程度密切相关。     

尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白和肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白对肝移植术后急性肾损伤的早期诊断价值

目的 探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）和肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白（L-FABP）在肝移植术后急性肾损伤（AKI）中的早期诊断价值。 方法 前瞻性收集2007至2008年间25例肝移植患者术前、门静脉开放后2、4、6、12、24、48、72和120 h的血液和尿液标本,检测Scr和尿NGAL及L-FABP水平。根据急性肾损伤网（AKIN）标准中的Scr标准将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组。观察两组各时间点尿NGAL、尿L-FABP和Scr水平的动态变化;运用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价尿NGAL和L-FABP诊断AKI的精确性。 结果 25例患者中11例发生了术后AKI,两组患者术前、术中及术后情况差异无统计学意义。术后24 h AKI组与非AKI组的Scr差异有统计学意义[(90.48±50.32) 比（59.84±14.72） μmol/L,P < 0.05]。AKI组与非AKI组术后2～120 h尿L-FABP均显著升高,4 h时差异有统计学意义[2361.41（1036.89~4048.93） ng/mgCr比5246.97（2406.33~7688.21） ng/mgCr,P < 0.05]。AKI组术后2、4、6 h尿NGAL均显著高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义 [69.02（29.79~237.29）比22.94（8.69~46.23） ng/mgCr,29.34（16.06~536.91）比 12.66（8.91~22.78） ng/mgCr和34.23（11.47~81.26）比11.84（6.57~20.10） ng/mgCr,均P < 0.05]。ROC曲线下面积（AUC）结果显示,与尿L-FABP相比（当4 h截断点为3451.75 ng/mgCr时,AUC为0.760）,尿NGAL对早期诊断AKI具有更高的敏感性和特异性（2、4、6 h的截断点分别为43.02、26.97和17.19 ng/mgCr时,AUC分别为0.766、0.773和0.773）。 结论 尿NGAL在肝移植术后早期AKI的诊断上表现出较高的敏感性和特异性,也许能作为肝移植术后AKI早期诊断的生物学标志物,但仍需要大样本的临床研究加以证实。     

尿NGAL、NAG及KIM-1联合检测在高龄老年急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(uNGAL)、尿N-乙酰β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(uNAG)及尿肾损伤分子-1(uKIM-1)的联合检测老年急性肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法选择2016年6月至2018年6月在泰山疗养院住院的老年患者184例,根据急性肾损伤网络(AKIN)标准为诊断标准,诊断AKI组116例(1期55例、2期39例、3期24例),非AKI组68例,检测并比较各组尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1水平,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)分析3项生物学标志物对AIK的诊断价值。结果①AKI组尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1明显高于对照组(P<0.05),3期尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1明显高于2期和1期,2期明显高于1期(P<0.05);②尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1单独诊断AKI的AUC分别为0.734、0.804、0.705;③3项标志物联合诊断AKI的灵敏度、特异度分别为84.9%、90.7%,高于各单项诊断。结论尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1是诊断AKI的较好指标,联合诊断对高龄老年急性肾损伤的早期诊断有着更重要的价值。     

心脏术后尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和白细胞介素18与急性肾损伤的关系

目的 探讨接受体外循环心脏手术患者尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）和尿白细胞介素18（IL-18）与急性肾损伤（AKI）的关系。 方法 根据AKI的诊断标准，将33例体外循环心脏手术的患者分为AKI组及非AKI组，分别留取术前及术后不同时间点的血液和尿液标本，测定Scr、尿NGAL和IL-18水平。 结果 33例中有9例发生AKI，发生率为27.27%。AKI组Scr升高峰值出现在12～48 h内。与术前相比， AKI组术后2 h、4 h尿NGAL及IL-18水平升高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。与非AKI组比较，AKI组术后各时间点的尿NGAL水平、术后2 h及4 h的尿IL-18水平都较高，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。经尿肌酐（Ucr）校正后，相应时间点的NGAL/Ucr和IL-18/Ucr差异仍有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。术后2 h尿NGAL和尿NGAL/Ucr的界定（cutoff） 值分别在250 µg/L和250 µg/mmol时；术后2 h尿IL-18和尿IL-18/Ucr的界定值分别在1800 ng/L和1800 ng/mmol时，体现出较好的敏感性和特异性。 AKI组术后12 h Scr水平与术后2 h尿NGAL水平呈正相关（r = 0.638，P < 0.05）。结论 体外循环下接受心脏手术的患者AKI发生率较高；术后2 h尿NGAL和NGAL/Ucr、术后2 h尿IL-18和尿IL-18/Ucr当达到一定界定值时，均可作为体外循环下心脏手术后AKI发生的早期诊断参考指标，其中术后2 h尿NGAL/Ucr为250 µg/mmol时更敏感。     

白细胞介素18、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和血清胱抑素C在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤中的变化

目的探讨尿白细胞介素18（interleukin-18,IL-18）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophilgelatinase-associatedlipocalin,NGAL）和血清胱抑素C（cystatinC,Cysc）在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury,AKI）中的变化。方法收集我院呼吸衰竭患者125例,其中呼吸衰竭并发AKI患者35例（AKI组）,呼吸衰竭未并发AKI患者90例（非AKI组）。检测全血细胞、血清CysC、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血白蛋白水平、血气分析,检测尿NGAL和IL-18水平。结果2组患者间年龄、男女比例、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、血红蛋白、白蛋白的差异无统计学意义,而基础有高血压史比例的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。AKI组估算肾小球滤过率（estimatedglomerularfiltrationrate,eGFR）低于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;AKI组SCr、BUN、血清CysC、尿NGAL和II,18高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pearson相关分析显示AKI组尿IL-18、NGAL及血清CysC均与SCr具有相关性,与eGFR也具有相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示尿IL-18、NGAL、血清CysC升高是呼吸衰竭发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论尿IL-18、NGAL和血清CysC对诊断呼吸衰竭合并AKI有较高的准确性。     

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白作用于肿瘤的二重性

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)在多种恶性肿瘤中都有不同程度的表达升高,并参与肿瘤的发生发展,但其对肿瘤的作用似乎存在相互矛盾的二重性.例如在乳腺癌和食管癌中通过保护MMP-9的自身降解,NGAL可促进肿瘤生长和转移.然而在胰腺癌和卵巢癌中.NGAL可通过抑制FAK的磷酸化和VEGF的合成而起到了抑制肿瘤演...     

Amelioration of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by recombinant neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

We investigated the protective effect and mechanism of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in a murine model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Swiss-Webster mice were assigned to four groups (n?=?10 in each group). Control mice received vehicle only. Mice in the experimental group were given a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (20?mg/kg) to induce nephrotoxicity, and were divided into three groups. The first group received 100?μL of saline only via tail vein at the time of cisplatin administration. The second group was given biologically active recombinant NGAL via tail vein (250?μg/100?μL solution). The third group was injected with a 250?μg/100μL solution of inactivated NGAL. After 4 days, we measured serum creatinine and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and performed histologic studies. Biologically active NGAL significantly blunted the rise in serum creatinine (NGAL plus cisplatin 1.33?±?0.31 versus cisplatin alone 2.43?±?0.31?mg/dL, p?<?.001) as well as the increase in urine NAG (NGAL plus cisplatin 60.7?±?14.2 versus cisplatin alone 120.5?±?22.5 units/gm creatinine, p?<?.005). In addition, NGAL conferred a marked reduction in tubule cell necrosis and apoptosis (NGAL plus cisplatin 6.9?±?1.2 versus cisplatin alone 15.1?±?3.4 TUNEL positive nuclei per 100 cells, p?<?.001). These beneficial effects were completely abolished when heat-inactivated NGAL was administered instead of the biologically active form. Since induction of NGAL in kidney tubules is a known physiologic response to cisplatin, the pharmacologic use of NGAL to prevent cisplatin nephrotoxicity is likely to be safe and effective.     

Value of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy related urosepsis

PurposeTo investigate the clinical value of urine interleukin-18 (IL-8), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) related urosepsis.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in 157 patients with urosepsis after URL. The patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the Kidigo guideline and urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these three biomarkers for postoperative AKI.ResultsThe level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h (p < 0.01). The ROC analysis showed the combined detection of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 at 12 h had a larger area under curve (AUC) than a single marker (0.997, 95% CI: 0.991–0.998), and the sensitivity and specificity were 98.2% and 96.7%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of urine NGAL at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h in AKI patients were positively correlated with the levels of urine KIM-1 and IL-18 (p < 0.01).ConclusionAKI could be quickly recognized by the elevated level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with URL-related urosepsis. Combined detection of the three urine biomarkers at 12 h after surgery had a better diagnostic performance, which may be an important reference for the early diagnosis of AKI.     

尿液生物学标记物对肝移植患者术后急性肾损伤早期诊断的价值

目的 探讨尿液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、胱抑素C(cystatin C,Cys-C)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)对于肝移植患者术后急性肾损伤(acute kindey injury,AKI)早期诊断价值.方法 收集2011年1月～2011年10月在南方医院接受同种异体肝移植术的45例终末期肝病患者术前及手术结束时的静脉血液及尿液标本,检测血清肌酐( serum creatinine,SCr)、胱抑素、LDH及总胆红素,检测尿液中LDH、胱抑素、NGAL.根据AKI网络标准中的SCr标准将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组.比较两组术前、术后尿液中LDH、Cys-C、NGAL的变化情况,并运用受试者工作曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评价LDH、Cys-C、NGAL的准确性.结果 45例患者中20例发生了术后AKI,两组患者的年龄、性别、术前的基本情况、术中手术情况比较差异无统计学意义.AKI组和非AKI组术后血清SCr的差异具有统计学意义[(140±54)比(81±20),P＜0.05].术后AKI组及非AKI组尿液中的LDH、Cys-C、NGAL均升高,AKI组增加明显高于非AKI组.AKI组尿液中LDH、Cys-C、NGAL高于非AKI组,且差异具有统计学意义[(6.50±2.86)比(3.21±1.63),P＜0.05]、[(1.55±0.54)比(0.86±0.31),P＜0.05]、[(107±59)比(43±11),P＜0.05].ROC下面积结果显示,尿液中的LDH、Cys-C、NGAL均显示出了较好的诊断意义,面积分别为0.853、0.833、0.880,大于0.8. 结论 LDH、Cys-C、NGAL均表现出了较好的敏感性和特异性.     

尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白在成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）在心脏手术后急性肾损伤（AKI）早期预测和诊断中的价值。 方法 前瞻性收集我院心脏手术患者手术前后不同时相的血、尿标本,选取其中14例AKI患者,分别测定尿NGAL和Scr水平;并选择临床资料相匹配的非AKI患者15例作为对照。观察两组患者围手术期尿NGAL和Scr的动态变化,运用接受者操作特性曲线（ROC）评价尿NGAL诊断AKI的精确性。AKI定义为Scr水平较基础值增加≥50%。 结果 Scr诊断AKI的中位时间为入ICU后24 h（10 h,48 h）。AKI患者术后入ICU即刻的尿NGAL水平显著高于术前基础水平并达峰值[20.51（13.42,50.02） μg/L比3.42（1.60,9.92） μg/L,P = 0.006];也显著高于非AKI患者 [2.91（0.72,8.61） μg/L,P = 0.002]。入ICU即刻尿NGAL 的ROC曲线下面积为0.824,95%的可信区间（CI）为0.667~0.980,P = 0.003。当以10.95 μg/L作为诊断截点时,此刻的尿NGAL在AKI诊断中的敏感性和特异性分别为85.7%和80.0%。入ICU即刻的尿NGAL与入ICU 24 h的Scr（r = 0.545,P = 0.002）及eGFR（r = －0.546,P = 0.002)呈正及负相关。 结论 心脏手术后AKI患者术后入ICU即刻的尿NGAL水平显著升高,对诊断AKI具有较高的准确性,其诊断AKI的时间早于Scr。尿NGAL可作为成人心脏术后AKI的早期诊断标志物。     

尿NGAL在2型糖尿病肾病肾小管间质损伤评价中的价值

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)对评价2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者肾小管间质损伤的价值。 方法研究对象为2012年1月至2015年12月第三军医大学大坪医院2型糖尿病患者167例(2型糖尿病组);将2型糖尿病组再分为正常白蛋白尿组(n＝56)、微量白蛋白尿组(n＝58)、大量白蛋白尿组(n＝53),其中51例患者进行了肾活检。50例非糖尿病患者作为正常对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定方法检测尿液中NGAL水平,分光光度法测定尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)。分析尿NGAL水平与肾功能相关指标[尿NAG、尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)、eGFR]及肾组织损伤病理评分之间的相关性,以及NGAL对DN肾小管间质损伤严重程度的评价效能,采用SPSS软件进行统计学分析,相关性分析采用Pearson或Spearman方法。 结果糖尿病患者尿NGAL水平较非糖尿病正常对照组明显增加;尿NGAL水平与尿NAG、ACR呈正相关(r＝0.528, 0.578,P<0.001),与eGFR呈负相关(r＝－0.637,P<0.001);尿NGAL水平与DN肾小管萎缩与间质纤维化(IFTA)的严重程度呈显著正相关(r＝0.652,P<0.001);尿NGAL曲线下面积最大(AUC＝0.868),特异度94.7%,敏感度71.9%。 结论尿NGAL是评价DN肾小管间质损伤理想的生物标志物之一。     

Urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin as an early marker of acute kidney injury in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with an incidence of 21–73%. Prevention and early diagnosis reduces the frequency and severity of this complication. Predictive biomarkers are of major importance to timely diagnosis. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a widely investigated novel biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI. However, no study assessed NGAL for AKI diagnosis in HSCT patients. We performed further analyses on gathered data from our recent trial to evaluate the performance of urine NGAL (uNGAL) as an indicator of AKI in 72 allogeneic HSCT patients. AKI diagnosis and severity were assessed using Risk–Injury–Failure–Loss–End-stage renal disease and AKI Network criteria. We assessed uNGAL on days ?6, ?3, +3, +9 and +15. Time-dependant Cox regression analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between uNGAL and AKI occurrence. (HR?=?1.04 (1.008–1.07), p?=?0.01). There was a relation between uNGAL day?+?9 to baseline ratio and incidence of AKI (unadjusted HR?=?1.047 (1.012–1.083), p?<?0.01). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for day?+?9 to baseline ratio was 0.86 (0.74–0.99, p?<?0.01) and a cut-off value of 2.62 was 85% sensitive and 83% specific in predicting AKI. Our results indicated that increase in uNGAL augmented the risk of AKI and the changes of day +9 uNGAL concentrations from baseline could be of value for predicting AKI in HSCT patients. Additionally uNGAL changes preceded serum Cr raises by nearly 2 days.     

经皮肾镜碎石取石术后发热原因及治疗分析

目的：探讨引起经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）后发热的因素及防治措施。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年12月本院收治的158例行PCNL患者的临床资料,分析术后体温＞38.5℃患者的年龄、结石大小、手术时间、术前是否尿路感染、术后是否引流不畅等因素与发热的关系以及相应的治疗措施。结果158例患者中31例（19.6%）出现术后体温升高,其中14例患者术前存在感染,术后引流不畅导致发热者11例,结石直径＞3.0 cm组患者术后发热率为47.61%,≤3.0 cm组为9.48%（χ^2=28.436,P =0.000）;手术时间＞90 min组患者术后发热率为25.80%,≤90 min组为10.76%（χ^2=5.486,P=0.019）;术前存在感染组患者发热率为40.00%,不存在感染组为13.82%（χ^2=11.840,P=0.001）;术后引流不畅组发热率为84.61%,引流通畅组为13.79%（χ^2=37.944,P=0.000）;组间发热率比较差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。而不同年龄、同侧上尿路手术史、合并糖尿病组间发热率比较差异无统计学意义。发热患者使用抗菌药物,保持引流通畅等治疗后痊愈。结论发热是PCNL术后常见的并发症,术前尿路感染、结石较大、手术时间长和术后引流不畅是发热的主要原因。保持引流通畅及使用有效抗菌药物是最主要的处理方法。     

诊断早期急性肾损伤的新型标记物的研究进展

背景 急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是外科重症患者术后常见并发症之一,其发病率和死亡率均较高,严重地威胁了患者的生命安全. 目的 为了早期有效识别和诊断外科重症患者术后发生的AKI并及时地提供诊治措施以降低AKI的发病率、改善这类患者的结局.现就这类新型标记物的研究进展作一综述. 内容 主要针对外科重症患者,探讨新型标记物检测在其灵敏性和特异性以及AKI病情评估方面相对于传统检测的优势. 趋向 未来对于外科重症具有高AKI风险因素的患者采用新型标记物外科联合检测将有利于术后AKI的早期诊断和预后评估.     

Effect of pentoxifylline on preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery by measuring urinary neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin

Background  

Based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, we considered acute kidney injury (AKI) as an absolute increase in the serum creatinine (sCr) level of more than or equal to 0.3 mg/dl or 50%. The introduction of Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (UNGAL) has conferred earlier diagnosis of AKI. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can suppress the production of some factors of inflammatory response and presumably prevent AKI. We examined the PTX on the development of AKI in cardiac surgery patients by measuring the levels of UNGAL.     

尿沉渣联合尿KIM-1、NGAL在诊断原发性肾脏病合并急性肾小管间质病变中的意义

目的 观察原发性慢性肾脏病(CKD)合并急性肾小管间质病变(ATIL)时尿沉渣积分情况和尿肾损伤因子1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平的变化,以期早期、准确发现ATIL.方法 经临床和病理确诊为CKD并发ATIL病例52例,对照组为无急性肾损伤(AKI)的原发性CKD患者33例,15例健康人为正常对照组.比较三组尿KIM-1、NGAL水平与尿沉渣积分的不同.结果 ①三组的尿KIM-1、NGAL水平和尿沉渣积分相比较,原发性CKD并发ATIL患者均高于其他两组(P＜0.05),无AKI的CKD患者高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);②尿KIM-1、NGAL水平与尿沉渣评分呈正相关(r=0.711,0.683,P＜0.05),三者又均与CKD患者的ATIL严重程度呈正相关(r=0.892,0.735,0.745,P＜0.05);③N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)尚在正常范围的患者尿KIM-1、NGAL水平已有升高,肾脏组织病理证实存在不同程度的ATIL;④尿KIM-1、NGAL、光抑素C(CysC)、NAG诊断ATIL的ROC曲线下面积大于尿RBP、α1-MG.尿沉渣诊断ATIL的受试者工作(ROC)曲线下面积为84％.尿KIM-1、NGAL联合尿沉渣积分诊断ATIL的准确性达100％.结论 尿沉渣联合尿KIM-1、NGAL可作为诊断原发性CKD并发ATIL的早期、无创、敏感的指标.     

Serum NGAL and FGF23 may have certain value in early diagnosis of CIN

Aims: This study aimed to assess whether neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) could be reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).

Methods: 202 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in the research. All subjects were divided into CIN group and non-CIN group. Serum NGAL and FGF23 were evaluated before and 0, 1, and 2 days after PCI. Serum levels of these two markers were compared intra-group and among groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression models were conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of NGAL and FGF23 in detecting CIN.

Results: When compared with baseline values, serum levels of both NGAL and FGF23 in all subjects increased after PCI, and the values peaked 1?day after PCI, but the changing was greater in CIN group. There were obvious differences between two groups in serum NGAL after 1, 2 days, and similar differences present in serum FGF23 after 1?day. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of relative values (percent change from the baseline) in NGAL after 1?day was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.834–0.964, p?=?.000), the optimum cutoff was 49% (sensitivity?=?80%, specificity?=?92.4%). And the AUC in FGF23 was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.733–0.894, p?=?.000), the optimum cutoff was 20% (sensitivity?=?73.3%, specificity?=?87.6%). Both serum NGAL and serum FGF23 could improve the clinical models in identifying CIN.

Conclusions: NGAL and FGF23 may have certain value in early diagnosis of CIN.     

急性肾损伤生物学标志物在心脏外科术后的研究进展

急性肾损伤是心脏外科手术后常见的严重并发症,发病率和病死率均较高.血肌酐及尿量作为急性肾损伤的标志物缺乏敏感性,延误了早期有效的治疗.近年来对于诊断急性肾损伤的生物学标志物方面的研究取得了较大进展,有些指标已逐步进入临床研究阶段,其中包括中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、胱抑素C、肾损伤分子-1、白细胞介素-18等.本文旨在对心脏外科术后急性肾损伤早期生物学标志物基础及临床方面的研究进展作一综述.     

Prediction of acute kidney injury complicated by sepsis with sTREM - 1 and NGAL as early marker

Objective To determine whether triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM - 1) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin (NGAL) were early biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis. Methods A total of 141 eligible patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points as soon as sepsis was diagnosed. The concentrations of serum creatinine (Scr), urine sTREM-1 and NGAL were measured. According to AKI criteria, patients were divided into the AKI group and non - AKI group. Dynamic changes of levels of Scr, urine sTREM-1 and NGAL were observed in two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of urine sTREM-1 and NGAL. Results Among 141 septic patients, 44 (31.2%) cases had concomitant AKI. Twenty four hours after sepsis diagnosed, the level of Scr rose to 1.91 times of the baseline [(140.5±13.6) vs (82.6±15.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05], which met the diagnostic criteria of AKI. In the AKI group, urinary concentrations of sTREM-1 and NGAL at 8 h after the diagnosis of sepsis began to rise significantly from baseline [(100.5±17.4) vs (38.9±14.7) ng/L; (144.6±51.9) vs (56.2±43.8) μg/L, both P＜0.05].And at the following time points, urinary concentrations of sTREM - 1 and NGAL were significantly higher than the baseline levels and that of the non-AKI group (all P＜0.05). At 8 h time point, the area under the curve of urine sTREM-1 was 0.877 (95%CI 0.756-0.914), the sensitivity was 89.1% and specificity was 82.0% with a cutoff value of 70 ng/L. At 8 h time point, the area under the curve of urine NGAL was 0.862 (95% CI 0.703-0.958),the sensitivity was 87.4% and specificity was 85.5% with a cutoff value of 90 μg/L. Conclusions Urinary concentrations of sTREM-1 and NGAL at 8 h time point after the diagnosis of sepsis have predictive value for AKI and their diagnostic time is much earlier than that of Scr. Therefore, urinary sTREM-1 and NGAL can be used as early biomarkers of septic AKI.     

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL): a promising biomarker of contrast-induced nephropathy after computed tomography

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and a source of significantly increased short- and long-term mortality. Studies of large cohorts have revealed that more than half of these cases are in subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization and intra-arterial coronary angiography, and nearly a third follow computed tomography (CT) scans. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) represents an early predictive troponin-like biomarker for AKI. Its role in the timely diagnosis of CIN has already been examined in adults and children undergoing coronary angiography and a meta-analysis revealed a very good performance of plasma or urine NGAL in the prediction of CIN. Much of these data have been extrapolated to patients receiving intravenous (IV) contrast agent for CT scans, although major differences in patient populations, contrast volume administered and intra-procedural complications between the two settings exist. In this context, a recent prospective study by our group evaluated plasma NGAL, measured using standardized Τriage® NGAL test (Biosite Incorporated, San Diego, CA) at baseline and 6-h post-procedure, for early detection of CIN among hospitalized patients undergoing elective contrast-enhanced CT. CIN, defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) of >25% or >0.5?mg/dL from baseline within 48-h post-procedure, was found in 8.51% of subjects. In contrast, significant elevation of plasma NGAL was found at 6-h post-procedure with excellent performance characteristics. This review presents the current status of NGAL in the prediction of CIN after IV contrast administration among hospitalized patients undergoing elective contrast-enhanced CT.