老年认知功能障碍患者实施走失风险管理的效果探讨

目的 观察老年认知功能障碍患者实施走失风险管理的效果.方法 本院2018年4月—2019年4月收治的64例老年认知功能障碍患者为本次研究对象,按照随机分组法将所有患者分为为对照组(32例:常规管理)与试验组(32例:综合走失风险管理),比较两组患者管理情况.结果 试验组管理期间走失率(3.13％)以及不良反应发生率(9...     

Regional White Matter Lesions Predict Falls in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease

ObjectivesPreventive strategy for falls in demented elderly is a clinical challenge. From early-stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients show impaired balance and gait. The purpose of this study is to determine whether regional white matter lesions (WMLs) can predict balance/gait disturbance and falls in elderly with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsHospital out-patient clinic.ParticipantsOne hundred sixty-three patients diagnosed with aMCI or AD were classified into groups having experienced falls (n = 63) or not (n = 100) in the previous year.MeasurementsCognition, depression, behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia, medication, and balance/gait function were evaluated. Regional WMLs were visually analyzed as periventricular hyperintensity in frontal caps, bands, and occipital caps, and as deep white matter hyperintensity in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalamus, and brain stem. Brain atrophy was linearly measured.ResultsThe fallers had a greater volume of WMLs and their posture/gait performance tended to be worse than nonfallers. Several WMLs in particular brain regions were closely associated with balance and gait impairment. Besides polypharmacy, periventricular hyperintensity in frontal caps and occipital WMLs were strong predictors for falls, even after potential risk factors for falls were considered.ConclusionsRegional white matter burden, independent of cognitive decline, correlates with balance/gait disturbance and predicts falls in elderly with aMCI and AD. Careful insight into regional WMLs on brain magnetic resonance may greatly help to diagnose demented elderly with a higher risk of falls.     

Inflammatory Potential of Diet Is Associated with Biomarkers Levels of Inflammation and Cognitive Function among Postmenopausal Women

In postmenopausal women (PW), estrogen depletion may predispose to cognitive decline through an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Unhealthy diets also appear to have an impact on the cognitive health of these women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory potential of the diet, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive function in PW. In a population of 222 PW, energy intake-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) was used to assess the dietary inflammatory potential. Cognitive function was estimated using the Polish version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), corrected by age and educational level. Selected biochemical inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, CRP; interleukin-6, IL-6; and tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α) were measured by ELISA tests. PW with an anti-inflammatory diet (first tercile) had significantly higher MMSE, while BMI, percentage fat mass and TNFα concentration were significantly lower compared to those with the most proinflammatory diets (third tercile). Women with cognitive impairment had significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (4.1 (0.8) pg/mL vs. 2.5 (0.2) pg/mL, p = 0.004), and were less educated (12.7 (0.7) years vs. 14.1 (0.2) years, p = 0.03) and less physically active compared to cognitively normal women. PW with the most proinflammatory diets had increased odds of cognitive impairment compared to those with the most anti-inflammatory diets, even after adjustment (OR = 11.10, 95% confidence level; 95%CI: 2.22; 55.56; p = 0.002). Each one-point increase in E-DII (as a continuous value) was also associated with 1.55-times greater odds of cognitive impairment (95%Cl: 1.19; 2.02 p = 0.003) in this population. Dietary inflammation may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in PW, but future studies should include a more sensitive battery of tests to assess cognitive function in this population. Implementation of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in PW may help prevent cognitive decline.     

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Predictors of Falls in Long-Term Care Residents With Cognitive Impairment

ObjectivesFalls and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common among long-term care residents with cognitive impairment. Despite the high prevalence of falls and NPS, little is known about their association. The aim of our study was to explore how NPS, particularly the severity of NPS and specific NPS subgroups, are associated with falls and how psychotropics modify this association.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsIn total, 532 long-term care residents aged 65 years or older in Helsinki, Finland.MethodsNPS were measured with Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at baseline. Participants were grouped into 3 groups: no significant NPS (NPI points 0‒3), low NPS burden (NPI 4‒12), and high NPS burden (NPI >12). The number of falls, injuries, fractures, and hospitalizations were collected from medical records over 12 months following baseline assessment.ResultsAltogether, 606 falls occurred during the follow-up year. The falls led to 121 injuries, 42 hospitalizations, and 20 fractures. Falls and injuries increased significantly with NPS burden (P < .001): 330 falls in the high NPS group (n = 184), 188 falls in the low NPS group (n = 181), and 88 falls in the no significant NPS group (n = 167). The risk of falling showed a curvilinear association with NPI total score. Of NPS subgroups, psychosis and hyperactivity were associated with a higher incidence rate ratio of falls, whereas apathy had a protective association even after adjustment for age, sex, and mobility. Affective symptoms were not associated with falls. Psychotropics did not modify the association between NPS burden and falls.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results of this study show that NPS, especially NPS severity, may predict falls and fall-related negative consequences. Severity of NPS should be taken into account when assessing fall risk in long-term care residents with cognitive impairment.     

On-Road Behavior in Older Drivers With Mild Cognitive Impairment

ObjectivesDementia increases the risk of unsafe driving, but this is less apparent in preclinical stages such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is, however, limited detailed data on the patterns of driving errors associated with MCI. Here, we examined whether drivers with MCI exhibited different on-road error profiles compared with cognitively normal (CN) older drivers.DesignObservational.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 296 licensed older drivers [mean age 75.5 (SD = 6.2) years, 120 (40.5%) women] recruited from the community.MethodParticipants completed a health and driving history survey, a neuropsychological test battery, and an on-road driving assessment including driver-instructed and self-navigation components. Driving assessors were blind to participant cognitive status. Participants were categorized as safe or unsafe based on a validated on-road safety scale, and as having MCI based on International Working Group diagnostic criteria. Proportion of errors incurred as a function of error type and traffic context were compared across safe and unsafe MCI and CN drivers.ResultsCompared with safe CN drivers (n = 225), safe MCI drivers (n = 45) showed a similar pattern of errors in different traffic contexts. Compared with safe CN drivers, unsafe CN drivers (n = 17) were more likely to make errors in observation, speed control, lane position, and approach, and at stop/give-way signs, lane changes, and curved driving. Unsafe MCI drivers (n = 9) had additional difficulties at intersections, roundabouts, parking, straight driving, and under self-navigation conditions. A higher proportion of unsafe MCI drivers had multidomain subtype [n = 6 (67%)] than safe MCI drivers [n = 11 (25%)], odds ratio 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.4–29.6).Conclusion and ImplicationsAmong safe drivers, MCI and CN drivers exhibit similar on-road error profiles, suggesting driver restrictions based on MCI status alone are unwarranted. However, formal evaluation is recommended in such cases, as there is evidence drivers with multiple domains of cognitive impairment may require additional interventions to support safe driving.     

多奈哌齐联合阿托伐他汀治疗老年血管性认知功能障碍疗效评价

目的评价多奈哌齐联合阿托伐他汀对老年血管性认知功能障碍（VCI）患者的临床疗效。方法将69例确诊VCI的老年患者随机分为多奈哌齐联合阿托伐他汀组（治疗组,35例）和多奈哌齐组（对照组,34例）,2组接受常规药物治疗。2组患者于始疗前、治疗第12和24周分别行经颅多普勒（TCD）检查颅内主要动脉的搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）,并进行简易精神状态检查量表（Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE）和日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分,再进行统计分析。结果治疗第12周治疗组和对照组MMSE评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）;2组间MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗第24周治疗组和对照组MMSE评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.01）;2组间MMSE评分比较,差异有统计学意义P〈0.05）。治疗第12周治疗组和对照组ADL评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05、P〈0.05）;2组间ADL评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗第24周治疗组与对照组ADL评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01、P〈0.05）;2组间ADL评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗第12周治疗组脑动脉PI值与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗第24周治疗组各脑动脉PI值与治疗前及第24周对照组PI值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗12周后治疗组脑动脉RI值与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗24周后治疗组各脑动脉RI值与治疗前及第24周对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05、P〈0.05）。结论多奈哌齐能改善VCI患者的认知功能;多奈哌齐联合阿托伐他汀能更好地改善VCI患者的认知功能,提高生活质量。     

The Impact of Cognitive Impairment on Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With COPD

Objectives

To compare changes in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) dropout and outcomes between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with and without cognitive impairment.

Emergency Department Care Transitions for Patients With Cognitive Impairment: A Scoping Review

ObjectivesWe aimed to describe emergency department (ED) care transition interventions delivered to older adults with cognitive impairment, identify relevant patient-centered outcomes, and determine priority research areas for future investigation.DesignSystematic scoping review.Setting and ParticipantsED patients with cognitive impairment and/or their care partners.MethodsInformed by the clinical questions, we conducted systematic electronic searches of medical research databases for relevant publications following published guidelines. The results were presented to a stakeholder group representing ED-based and non-ED-based clinicians, individuals living with cognitive impairment, care partners, and advocacy organizations. After discussion, they voted on potential research areas to prioritize for future investigations.ResultsFrom 3848 publications identified, 78 eligible studies underwent full text review, and 10 articles were abstracted. Common ED-to-community care transition interventions for older adults with cognitive impairment included interdisciplinary geriatric assessments, home visits from medical personnel, and telephone follow-ups. Intervention effects were mixed, with improvements observed in 30-day ED revisit rates but most largely ineffective at promoting connections to outpatient care or improving secondary outcomes such as physical function. Outcomes identified as important to adults with cognitive impairment and their care partners included care coordination between providers and inclusion of care partners in care management within the ED setting. The highest priority research area for future investigation identified by stakeholders was identifying strategies to tailor ED-to-community care transitions for adults living with cognitive impairment complicated by other vulnerabilities such as social isolation or economic disadvantage.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis scoping review identified key gaps in ED-to-community care transition interventions delivered to older adults with cognitive impairment. Combined with a stakeholder assessment and prioritization, it identified relevant patient-centered outcomes and clarifies priority areas for future investigation to improve ED care for individuals with impaired cognition, an area of critical need given the current population trends.     

Falls,Cognitive Impairment,and Gait Performance: Results From the GOOD Initiative

Objectives

Falls are highly prevalent in individuals with cognitive decline. The complex relationship between falls and cognitive decline (including both subtype and severity of dementia) and the influence of gait disorders have not been studied. This study aimed to examine the association between the subtype (Alzheimer disease [AD] versus non-AD) and the severity (from preclinical to moderate dementia) of cognitive impairment and falls, and to establish an association between falls and gait parameters during the course of dementia.

Predictors of Mortality,Rehospitalization for Syncope,and Cardiac Syncope in 352 Consecutive Elderly Patients With Syncope

ObjectivesTo investigate the etiologies of syncope and predictors of all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, and cardiac syncope in consecutive elderly patients presenting with syncope to our emergency department.ParticipantsParticipants were 352 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with syncope admitted to hospital from the emergency department.DesignObservational retrospective study.MeasurementsReview of medical records for history, physical examination, medications, and tests to determine causes of syncope. Cox stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant independent prognostic factors for rehospitalization with syncope, all-cause mortality, and cardiac syncope.ResultsOf 352 patients, mean age 78 years, the etiology of syncope was diagnosed in 243 patients (69%). Vasovagal syncope was diagnosed in 12%, volume depletion in 14%, orthostatic hypotension in 5%, cardiac syncope in 29%, carotid sinus hypersensitivity in 2%, and drug overdose/others in 7% of patients. During a mean follow-up of 24 months, 10 patients (3%) were readmitted to the hospital for syncope and 39 (11%) died. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified history of congestive heart failure (OR 5.18; 95% CI 1.23–21.84, P = .0257) and acute coronary syndrome (OR 5.95; 95% CI 1.11–31.79, P = .037) as independent risk factors for rehospitalization. Significant independent prognostic factors for mortality were diabetes mellitus (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.09–3.99, P = .0263), history of smoking (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.10–4.49, P = .0255), and use of statins (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.19–0.72, P = .0036). Independent risk factors for predicting a cardiac cause of syncope were an abnormal electrocardiogram (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.46–4.57, P = .0012) and reduced ejection fraction (OR 2.92; 95% CI 1.70–5.02, P < .001). The San Francisco Syncope Rule and Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla Sincope nel Lazio scores did not predict mortality or rehospitalization in our study population.ConclusionsSignificant independent risk factors for rehospitalization for syncope were congestive heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. Significant independent risk factors for mortality were diabetes mellitus, history of smoking, and use of statins (inverse association).     

A U-shaped Association Between Blood Pressure and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Elderly

Objectives

Higher or lower blood pressure may relate to cognitive impairment, whereas the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive impairment among the elderly is not well-studied. The study objective was to determine whether blood pressure is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly, and, if so, to accurately describe the association.

Order of Onset of Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment and Risk of Repeated Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

ObjectivesTo examine whether physical frailty onset before, after, or in concert with cognitive impairment is differentially associated with fall incidence in community-dwelling older adults.DesignA longitudinal observational study.Setting and ParticipantsData from 1337 older adults age ≥65 years and free of physical frailty or cognitive impairment at baseline were obtained from the National Health Aging Trends Study (2011‒2017), a nationally representative cohort study of US older adult Medicare beneficiaries.MethodsParticipants were assessed annually for frailty (physical frailty phenotype) and cognitive impairment (bottom quintile of clock drawing test or immediate and delayed recall; or proxy-report of diagnosis of dementia or AD8 score of ≥2). Incident falls were ascertained annually via self-report. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between order of first onset of cognitive impairment and/or frailty and incident single or repeated falls in the 1-year interval following their first onset.ResultsOf the 1,337, 832 developed cognitive impairment first (termed “CI first”), 286 developed frailty first (termed “frailty first”) and 219 had co-occurrence of cognitive impairment and frailty within one year (termed “CI-frailty co-occurrence”) over 5 years. Overall, 491 (34.5%) had at least 1 fall during the 1-year interval following the onset of physical frailty and/or cognitive impairment. After adjustment, “CI-frailty co-occurrence” was associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk of repeated falls than “CI first” (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.51‒3.67; P < .001). No significant difference was found between participants with “frailty first” and “CI first” (P = .07). In addition, the order of onset was not associated with risk of a single fall.Conclusions and ImplicationsOlder adults experiencing “CI-frailty co-occurrence” had the greatest risk of repeated falls compared with those with “CI first” and “frailty first”. Fall risk screening should consider the order and timing of onset of physical frailty and cognitive impairment.     

Excessive Lowering of Blood Pressure Is Not Beneficial for Progression of Brain White Matter Hyperintensive and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Hypertensive Patients: 4-Year Follow-Up Study

ObjectivesThis study was designed to explore the appropriate blood pressure (BP) target required to reduce cognitive decline and brain white matter lesions (WMLs) in elderly hypertensive patients.MethodsElderly patients (n = 294, ≥80 years of age) being treated for hypertension were enrolled in a longitudinal study examining cognitive impairment after an initial assessment and a period of 4 years. All patients underwent neurological and cognitive assessment, laboratory examination, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.ResultsThe 4-year follow-up examination revealed that body mass index, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) all showed a significant decline, whereas fasting plasma glucose, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume, and the WMH/total intracranial volume (TIV) ratio were significantly increased when compared with baseline observations. Interestingly, the decline in MMSE, as well as the increment of WMH and WMH/TIV ratio was smaller in patients with SBP ranging from 140 to 160 mm Hg than in those whose SBP was lower than 140 mm Hg or higher than 160 mm Hg (P < .05). Furthermore, we observed that a 15 to 35 mm Hg targeted lowering of SBP in the elderly patients was more beneficial to our cognitive analysis than treatments that achieved less than 15 mm Hg or greater than 35 mm Hg (P < .05).ConclusionsIn elderly hypertensive patients, there exists a beneficial target for SBP lowering beyond which treatment may not be beneficial for improving or delaying the progression of cognitive impairment and WMLs.     

Cognitive Impairment Mediates the Association between Dietary Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly

The underlying mechanism in both cognitive impairment and depression was chronic inflammation, which could be reflected by the dietary inflammatory index (DII). However, the effect of cognitive impairment on the association between DII and depression was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that cognitive impairment could mediate the association between dietary inflammation and depressive symptoms. A total of 2550 participants aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011–2014 were involved in the serial, cross-sectional study. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets were measured by DII. Cognitive impairment was measured by four dimensions, CERAD-immediate, CERAN-delayed, animal fluency test, and DSST. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 scores. We found that a proinflammatory diet and cognitive impairment were both risk factors for depressive symptoms. An interaction between an inflammatory diet and cognitive impairment was detected (P-interaction = 0.060). In addition, all four dimensions of cognition mediated the association between DII and depressive symptom scores. Part of the association between DII and depressive symptoms scores could be explained by different dimensions of cognitive function, and the proportion of mediation ranged from 10.0% to 36.7%. In conclusion, cognitive impairment levels partly mediated the association between DII and depressive symptoms.     

低分子肝素钙联合奥拉西坦对血管性认知功能障碍的效果

目的探讨低分子肝素钙联合奥拉西坦对血管性认知功能障碍的效果。方法 100例血管性认知障碍患者随机分为对照组32例,奥拉西坦组34例,联合组34例,对照组给予常规治疗+安慰剂治疗,奥拉西坦组在常规治疗的基础上,给予奥拉西坦,联合组在常规治疗的基础上,给予奥拉西坦与低分子肝素钙,疗程为2个月。运用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)和日常生活能力量表(ADL)评价效果。结果 2个月后联合组MMSE和ADL评分值提高(P<0.01)。结论低分子肝素钙联合奥拉西坦可以显著改善血管性认知障碍患者的认知功能。     

QCC在降低老年患者跌倒发生率的效果评价

目的探索品管圈活动在降低老年住院患者跌倒发生率中的应用。方法选择160例综合内科老年住院患者,将患者随机平均分为对照组和观察组,对照组患者行常规护理及宣教模式,观察组患者在常规护理及宣教的基础上通过品管圈的管理模式进行防跌倒宣教及护理措施,比较两组患者跌倒的发生率。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者的跌倒发生率明显低于对照组,且患者的依从性和满意度也明显提高(P<0.05)。结论品管圈管理模式能有效降低老年住院患者跌倒的发生率,并提高护理满意度,是保障患者安全的一种有效管理手段。     

The Role of Cognitive Impairment,Physical Disability,and Chronic Conditions in the Association of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality Among Very Old Adults

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality, and to assess the role of cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions on this association among very old adults.DesignA prospective cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsWithin the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys, 17,637 oldest-old aged 80-105 years were followed up to 10 years (2005- 2014).MeasuresData on sleep duration at baseline were based on self-report and were categorized as short (<7 hour), moderate (7-9 hours), and long sleep (>9 hours). Information on cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), physical disability using Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and chronic conditions including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, asthma, and cancer were collected at baseline based on a structured questionnaire. Information about vital status was ascertained and confirmed by a close family member or village doctor of the participant during the follow-up. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsDuring the follow-up of 10 years, 11,067 (62.7%) participants died. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality were 1.03 (0.98-1.09) for short sleep and 1.13 (1.08-1.18) for long sleep compared with moderate sleep duration. In stratified analysis by cognitive impairment, physical disability, and chronic conditions, the risk of morality was present only among people with MMSE scores ≤24 but did not differ much when stratified by physical disability and chronic conditions. There was a statistically significant interaction between long sleep and cognitive impairment on mortality (P for interaction = .002).Conclusions and ImplicationsLong sleep duration is associated with higher risk of mortality in very old adults independently of health conditions. Cognitive impairment may enhance this association. These findings suggest that health practitioners and families should be aware of the potential adverse prognosis associated with long sleep.     

Specific Nutritional Biomarker Profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline Are Associated With Clinical Progression: The NUDAD Project

ObjectivesNutritional insufficiencies have been associated with cognitive impairment. Understanding whether nutritional biomarker levels are associated with clinical progression could help to design dietary intervention trials. This longitudinal study examined a panel of nutritional biomarkers in relation to clinical progression in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Design, setting and participantsWe included 299 patients without dementia (n = 149 SCD; age 61 ± 10 years, female 44%, n = 150 MCI; age 66 ± 8 years, female 38%). Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 3 (2-5) years.MethodsWe measured 28 nutritional biomarkers in blood and 5 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), associated with 3 Alzheimer's disease pathologic processes: vascular change (lipids), synaptic dysfunction (homocysteine-related metabolites), and oxidative stress (minerals and vitamins). Nutritional biomarker associations with clinical progression to MCI/dementia and cognitive decline based on the Mini-Mental State Examination score were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed models. We used partial least squares Cox models (PLS-Cox) to examine nutritional biomarker profiles associated with clinical progression.ResultsIn the total group, high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were associated with clinical progression and cognitive decline. In SCD, high folate and low bilirubin levels were associated with cognitive decline. In MCI, low CSF S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and high theobromine were associated with clinical progression to dementia and high HDL, cholesterol, iron, and 1,25(OH)₂ vitamin D were associated with cognitive decline. PLS-Cox showed 1 profile for SCD, characterized by high betaine and folate and low zinc associated with clinical progression. In MCI, a profile with high theobromine and HDL and low triglycerides and a second profile with high plasma SAM and low cholesterol were associated with risk of dementia.Conclusion and ImplicationsHigh HDL was most consistently associated with clinical progression. Moreover, different nutritional biomarker profiles for SCD and MCI showed promising associations with clinical progression. Future dietary (intervention) studies could use nutritional biomarker profiles to select patients, taking into account the disease stage.     

老年认知功能量表对老年下肢骨科手术患者POCD的评价

目的探讨老年认知功能量表(the scale of elderly congitive fuction,SECF)对老年下肢骨科手术患者术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction,POCD)的评价效果。方法择期行下肢骨科手术的老年患者84例,于术前1d,术后1d、3d以及术后7d采用简易智能状态量表(mini-mentalstateexamination,MMSE)以及SECF量表对认知功能进行测定。结果应用MMSE时,POCD在术后1d、3d以及术后7d的发生率分别为34.52%、28.57%以及19.04%;应用SECF评价时相应发生率则为36.90%、30.95%以及20.24%;两种方法对POCD的检出率无统计学差异;两种方法在术后3d以及术后7d对POCD的评估效果是一致的,Kappa值分别为0.7732和0.8115(P<0.05)。结论 SECF量表具有和MMSE一致的评价效果,并且消除了年龄和受教育因素对老年患者认知功能的影响,在对老年患者POCD的评价中有一定的临床应用价值。     

恢复期老年抑郁症伴轻度认知障碍患者执行功能及事件相关电位的关系研究

目的研究恢复期老年抑郁症伴轻度认知障碍患者执行功能及事件相关电位的关系。方法选取2017年1月至2019年12月期间我院收治的恢复期老年抑郁症患者78例,采用MoCA量表评估其认知功能,将认知功能正常(MoCA评分≥26分)的58例患者纳入对照组,将轻度认知功能障碍(15≤MoCA评分<26分)的20例患者纳入观察组,测定两组患者事件相关电位及执行功能,分析执行功能与事件相关电位的相关性。结果观察组P300波幅低于对照组,P300潜伏期长于对照组,错误应答数、持续性错误数、持续性反应数均高于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,P300潜伏期与错误应答数、持续性错误数、持续性反应数呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05);P300波幅与错误应答数、持续性错误数、持续性反应数呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。结论恢复期老年抑郁症伴轻度认知障碍患者执行功能与事件相关电位关系密切,可用事件相关电位来判断患者的执行功能障碍。