青春期卵巢型子宫内膜异位症保守手术后复发9例临床分析

目的: 探讨青春期卵巢型子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis,EMs）患者术后复发的可能原因。方法: 回顾性分析经保守性手术治疗后复发的9例青春期卵巢型EMs患者的临床病例资料。 结果: 9例患者中,Ⅰ期1例,Ⅲ期1例,Ⅳ期7例;7例患者于停止药物治疗后3~4个月痛经复发;7例患者初次手术后1年内病灶复发,另外2例分别为手术后3年及4年后复发。病灶复发可见于对侧卵巢3例,初次手术病灶较小一侧卵巢3例,同侧卵巢2例,双侧卵巢复发1例。5例患者初次手术后复发1次,3例患者复发2次,1例患者复发3次。2例患者术后妊娠并足月分娩。9例患者术后药物治疗2~6个周期。结论: 青春期卵巢型EMs患者保守手术后复发患者初次手术时临床分期高,病灶及痛经复发多在手术后1年内。临床分期高、痛经史、术后药物长期管理依从性差及妊娠意愿低等可能是手术后复发原因。     

The Efficacy of Postoperative Cyclic Oral Contraceptives after Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy to Prevent Endometrioma Recurrence in Adolescents

Study Objective

Young age is a possible risk factor of endometriosis recurrence after surgery. However, the efficacy of postoperative medical treatment has not been well addressed in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether postoperative medical treatment is as effective in adolescents as it is in adults in the prevention of endometrioma recurrence.

Paratubal Cyst Recurrence in Children and Adolescents

Study ObjectiveTo examine the association between patient characteristics and risk for recurrence risk of paratubal cysts (PTC) in children and adolescents.DesignRetrospective chart review at a single institution.SettingSingle academic children's hospital.ParticipantsPediatric patients presenting to Texas Children's Hospital between July 2007 and March 2019. Patients were identified for the study by reviewing pathology reports and were included if they met inclusion criteria of a pathologic diagnosis of a paratubal or paraovarian cyst removed during any surgical procedure between July 2007 and March 2019.InterventionsSubjects with pathologic diagnoses of a paratubal cyst during the study period underwent chart review for the following data points: age at presentation, ethnicity, pathologic recurrence of paratubal cysts, pubertal status, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), size of cyst, laterality of cysts, and number of cysts.Main Outcome Measure(s)Recurrence, Pathology types.ResultsOf the 627 patients that met inclusion criteria, the incidence of recurrence was 11.3%. Group 1 included those with recurrence of PTC (N = 70). Group 2 was identified as those without recurrence of PTC (N = 557). There were no differences related to age, BMI, ethnicity, history of PCOS, cyst size, laterality or number of cysts present. PTC NOS and serous PTC occurred most frequently. Of the unique cases involving recurrence, 70.1% recurred on the ipsilateral side. There were no cases of paratubal cyst malignancies in this cohort. The range of pathology diagnoses included pathologies that may occur in ovarian cysts. This is particularly interesting, given the known origins of ovarian cancer from fallopian tube transformations. Rare pathology diagnoses likely did not occur with frequency to determine definitive risks of recurrence in these cases.ConclusionsThere appears to be a baseline recurrence risk for PTC, for which patients can be counseled. Recurrence does not appear to be associated with any particular pathology type, cyst size, number of cysts, BMI, PCOS, or puberty stage. Recurrence, should it occur, appears to occur more commonly on the ipsilateral side.     

Effect of Surgery for Endometrioma on Ovarian Function: A Different Point of View

Recent evidence in the literature suggests that surgical excision of the endometrioma wall may reduce ovarian reserve, which may have a negative effect on subsequent reproductive function. However, because of inconsistent results and methodologic flaws of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) as a marker of ovarian reserve, antral follicle count may be a more accurate noninvasive marker than AMH. Evaluating ovarian reserve using antral follicle count rather than AMH may yield different conclusions insofar as postsurgical damage to the ovary. Surgery should be performed only by experienced surgeons, and the stripping technique currently is still the only one supported by strong scientific evidence. The dual function of surgery, that is, to improve fertility and reduce pain, cannot be minimized or undervalued.     

腹腔镜下保守手术及根治手术治疗输卵管妊娠生育结局的Meta分析

目的:评价腹腔镜下保守手术及根治手术治疗输卵管妊娠的生育结局,为临床应用提供证据.方法:采用计算机和手工检索主题词的方法,检索Pub Med、EMBASE、Wiley Online Library、Cochrane Library、Google Scholar、CBM、Wanfang Data和CNKI Data,检索时限从建库至2012年12月,纳入有关腹腔镜下保守手术及根治手术治疗输卵管妊娠比较的相关文献,对检索到的文献进行质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行Meta分析.结果:纳入15个队列研究,共2880例患者.Meta分析结果显示,保守手术组持续性异位妊娠率(6.6％)显著高于根治手术组(0.6％),差异有统计学意义(RR =6.45,95％CI 1.47 ～28.22,P=0.01).保守手术组术后宫内妊娠率(70.1％)高于根治手术组(50.5％),差异有统计学意义(RR =1.43,95％CI 1.21 ～ 1.69,P＜0.01),而两者对侧输卵管通畅情况及再次异位妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(RR =1.01,95％CI 0.67 ～ 1.54,P=0.96;RR =0.98,95％ CI 0.82 ～ 1.17,P=0.85).结论:保守手术比根治手术治疗输卵管妊娠有更高的持续性异位妊娠率和术后宫内妊娠率,但不增加再次异位妊娠率,并且两者对侧输卵管通畅情况相似.     

甲氨蝶呤预防腹腔镜手术后持续性异位妊娠的研究

目的:探讨异位妊娠腹腔镜保守性手术后预防持续性异位妊娠(PEP)的方法。方法:对86例输卵管妊娠患者行腹腔镜保守性手术后随机分成两组:A组采用甲氨蝶呤(MTX)注入患侧输卵管近端残腔;B组除用MTX外,并于术后口服米非司酮。所有患者均于术前及术后24小时、72小时、7天、12天检测血-βHCG值并观察其毒副反应的发生。结果:A组PEP发生1例(2.27%),B组2例(4.76%),差异无显著性(P>0.05);术后24小时血-βHCG值较术前明显下降(P<0.01),但两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05);术后72小时、7天血-βHCG值两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),但12天两组间差异有非常显著性,B组明显高于A组(P<0.01);且B组出现的毒副反应明显多于A组。结论:单用MTX对异位妊娠腹腔镜保守性手术后预防PEP发生,可能要优于MTX加米非司酮。     

The Recurrence Rate of Ovarian Dermoid Cysts in Pediatric and Adolescent Girls

Study ObjectiveTo assess the rate of recurrence of ovarian dermoid cysts in pediatric and adolescent girls at the Hospital for Sick Children.DesignA retrospective chart review of all dermoid cysts surgically managed at the hospital for Sick Children from January 2003 to June 2012.SettingThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.Participants66 adolescent and pediatric patients <18 years old treated with ovarian cystectomy of their dermoid cysts by either laparoscopy (n = 40) or laparotomy (n = 26).Main Outcome MeasuresTotal dermoid cyst recurrence, recurrence after laparoscopy versus laparotomy, follow-up imaging completed and ultrasonographic identification of other ovarian cysts in follow-up. Data was assessed with Fisher exact test where appropriate (P < .05).ResultsThe mean age of patients at time of surgery was 12.9 years (range 2.5-18.1). 25/66 (38%) of patients received no follow-up, 6/66 (9%) were followed by a single ultrasonography and 35/66 (53%) were followed with annual ultrasonography for up to 5 years. 35 patients completed their initial ultrasonography where 19/35 (54%) patients had new ovarian cysts diagnosed including: 6 functional/hemorrhagic, 3 dermoid, and 10 unspecified cysts. All new dermoids were suspected at first follow-up ultrasonography (6/35), but 3 required a second follow-up ultrasonography for confirmation. Overall, 7/66 (11%) patients had recurrent or persistent dermoid cysts of which 2 (3%) required repeat surgery. There was no significant impact on the type of surgery and dermoid recurrence.ConclusionThe incidence of recurrent dermoid cysts in a pediatric and adolescent population following ovarian cystectomy is 10.6% where only 3% will recur and require further surgical management.     

The Relationship between Intraoperative Rupture and Recurrence of Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms: Preliminary Observations

Study ObjectiveWe investigated whether rupture increased the recurrence rate of pediatric ovarian neoplasms.Design20-year single-institution retrospective study.SettingTertiary, free-standing, university children's hospital.ParticipantsAll girls with ovarian neoplasms treated during between 1991 and 2011.Main Outcome MeasureTumor recurrence.ResultsFifty-nine tumors in 53 patients were managed, including 51/59 (86%) benign and 8/59 (14%) malignant. Laparotomy was employed in 44/59 (75%), laparoscopy in 8/59 (14%), and laparoscopy converted to laparotomy in 7/59 (12%). Total and partial oophorectomy (cystectomy) was used for 15/51 (29%) and 36/51 (71%) of benign tumors, respectively. All malignant tumors underwent total oophorectomy. Accidental rupture or intentional tumor puncture occurred in 26/56 cases (46%), 23/51 benign and 3/5 malignant. Rupture was associated with increasing cyst size on univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). There were 5 recurrences (9%) in 4 patients, including 4 benign (3 mature teratomas, 1 mucinous cystadenoma), and 1 malignant yolk sac tumor. Recurrence occurred in 2/30 (7%) without rupture and 3/26 (12%) with rupture, p = 0.66. Follow-up was available for 50/53 patients (94%), with a median of 23.8 months [range 0.2-189 months]. All recurrences were salvaged by surgery.ConclusionsIn this limited study, intra-operative rupture did not increase the recurrence rate or worsen the prognosis of pediatric ovarian neoplasms.     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转43例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析我院2001年2月至2008年10月间接受腹腔镜诊治的43例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者的临床资料.结果:43例患者平均年龄26.6岁,有腹痛病史41例,其中急性腹痛27例,伴恶心、呕吐21例.34例行腹腔镜下患侧附件切除术,9例行腹腔镜下患侧卵巢囊肿剥出术.所有病例均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术治疗,平均手术时间65.0±16.5分钟,术中出血2-150 ml,中位出血量10 ml,无术时术后并发症发生.术后病理诊断卵巢成熟性畸胎瘤34例(79.1%),卵巢单纯囊肿3例(7.0%),卵巢粘液性囊腺瘤2例(4.7%),卵巢甲状腺肿1例(2.3%),卵巢巧克力囊肿1例(2.3%),副中肾管源性囊肿(卵巢冠囊肿)1例(2.3%),组织出血梗死不能辨认1例(2.3%).术后平均肛门排气时间27.3±11.4小时,术后平均放置尿管时间11.2±9.5小时,术后平均住院时间4.2±1.3天.结论:腹腔镜诊治卵巢囊肿蒂扭转具有及时准确、创伤小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点.     

Rates and Technique for Oophoropexy in Pediatric Ovarian Torsion: A Single-Institution Case Series

Study Objective

Ovarian torsion (OT) is uncommon, but can result in loss of reproductive function. Traditionally managed using adnexectomy, torsed adnexae are now being conserved, increasing the potential for recurrent OT. As a result, some experts suggest oophoropexy (OP) to prevent recurrence. We report on a series of 11 patients who underwent OP.

The Prevalence of Endometriosis in Adolescents with Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review

Study ObjectiveEndometriosis is a recognized cause of pelvic pain in adolescents with menstrual symptoms that significantly affect education, activity, and social interactions. We aim to provide an updated systematic review of the prevalence of endometriosis in adolescents with pelvic pain presenting for gynecological investigation.Data SourcesWe searched Medline, Embase, and Cinahl from 2011 to July 2019.Methods of Study SelectionWe included cohort studies of adolescents with pelvic pain undergoing gynecological investigation. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted study characteristics and prevalence data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program for cohort studies.ResultsThis updated systematic review evaluated a total of 19 studies including 1243 symptomatic adolescents. In all, 648 of 1011 (64%) adolescents undergoing laparoscopy were found to have endometriosis. The prevalence ranged from 25% to 100%, with a mean prevalence of 64%. Thirteen studies including 381 participants categorized disease severity using the revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine classification. Among these, 53% of participants (201/381) had stage I, 28% (105/381) had stage II, 20% (76/381) had stage III, and 13% (49/381) had stage IV disease.ConclusionsThe prevalence of endometriosis among adolescents with pelvic pain symptoms is high. Endometriosis is treatable, and prompt recognition will help to ensure that adolescents are signposted earlier to appropriate specialists. The management of adolescents with suspected endometriosis should be consistent with best practice guidance. Despite recommendations to increase the awareness and knowledge of endometriosis in adolescence, minimal research has followed.     

Laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis in teenagers

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and severity of endometriosis in adolescent and teenager girls with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) who fail to respond to medical treatment and to evaluate the outcome of radical laparoscopic surgery for severe endometriosis. DESIGN: Retrospective review of case records of all girls under the age of 21 years who underwent diagnostic and/or operative laparoscopy for CPP unresponsive to medical treatment between January 2001 and December 2003. The operative findings and the response to surgery were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one girls were referred. No pelvic abnormalities were detected in 11 patients (35.5%). Endometriosis was detected in 11 (35.5%). Six had severe endometriosis. Other diagnoses included: non-functional non-endometriotic ovarian cyst (4 patients), functional ovarian cyst (1 patient), hydrosalpinx (bilateral, 1 patient; unilateral, 1 patient) and obstructed uterine horn (2 patients). Of those with severe disease all six were treated laparoscopically without complications. Five were rendered pain free and one had an improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis can occur in adolescent and teenager girls. Laparoscopy should be carried out in all adolescents and teenagers with CPP unresponsive to medical treatment. This the first study reporting the outcome of radical excision treatment for severe endometriosis in this age group and early results are encouraging.     

Laparoscopic Excision of the Retroperitoneal Mullerian Cyst in a Different Location

BackgroundHerein, we report laparoscopic excision of a retroperitoneal Mullerian cyst, which is uniquely located medial to the left adrenal gland, mimicking adrenal adenoma in an adolescent girl.CaseA healthy 13-year-old adolescent girl presented with secondary amenorrhea. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed a solid-cystic mass medial to the left adrenal gland. Laparoscopic cyst excision was performed. The histopathological findings were consistent with a benign cyst of Mullerian origin.Summary and ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Mullerian cyst located medial to the adrenal gland in all age groups.     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统用于子宫内膜异位症保守性手术后复发的治疗

目的 探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)用于子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者保守性手术或保守性手术联合药物巩固治疗后复发者治疗的效果.方法 选择因内异症复发而就诊的患者23例,于月经周期第5～7天宫内放置LNG-IUS.所有患者均无生育要求且不愿再次手术.于放置LNG-IUS后3、6、12、24、36个月随访,观察放置LNG-IUS前后患者疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、血清CA125水平、卵巢内异症囊肿体积的变化以及月经情况、体质量等指标.结果 (1)VAS评分:放置LNG-IUS后12个月,痛经、慢性盆腔痛或性交痛缓解最为明显,VAS评分由放置LNG-IUS前的(5.9±2.3)、(4.3±2.0)分下降为(1.0±0.7)、(1.4±1.1)分,分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)囊肿体积:11例患者复发表现为卵巢内异症囊肿,放置LNG-IUS后6个月,卵巢内异症囊肿体积由放置前的(11.4±6.1)cm3下降至(5.5±3.4)cm3,两者比较,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01);放置12个月时,2例卵巢内异症囊肿消失,放置24个月时,共9例卵巢内异症囊肿消失.(3)血清CA125:从放置LNG-IUS后6个月时开始,CA125水平显著下降,由放置前的(65.5±19.6)kU/L降至放置6个月时的(42.1±13.6)kU/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),放置后12个月时,CA125水平仍继续下降,此后趋于平稳.(4)其他:放置LNG-IUS后6个月内,阴道不规则出血或点滴出血是常见现象,随着放置时间延长,情况明显缓解.少数患者出现体质量增加的情况.结论 内异症保守性手术或手术联合药物巩固治疗后复发的患者,应用LNG-IUS可有效地缓解疼痛症状,降低血清CA125水平,缩小卵巢内异症囊肿体积,是一种有效、安全、持续时间长、全身副作用少、依从性高的治疗方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment. Methods Twenty-three patients with recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment were treated by LNG-IUS. All patients rejected further operation and had no desire of fertility. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of pain, menstrual model, weight and serum CA125 level and the volume of ovarian endometriotic cysts before and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment were recorded and compared. Results ( 1 ) VAS score:after 12 months of using LNG-IUS, dysmenorrheal, chronic pelvic pain or dyspareunia were relieved significantly. VAS score were dropped from 5.9 ± 2. 3,4. 3 ± 2.0 to 1.0 ± 0. 7,1.4 ± 1. 1 ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). ( 2 )Volum of cysts :after 6 months of using LNG-IUS, the volume of recurrent ovarian endometriotic cysts in 11 patients were reduced from ( 11.4 ± 6. 1 ) em3 to ( 5. 5 ± 3.4 ) em3 significantly ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). At 12 months of follow-up, it suggested that 2 patients' ovarian endometriotic cysts disappeared. At 24 months follow-up,9 patients ovarian endometriotic cysts disappeared ( 3 ) CA125: serum CA125 decreased from ( 65.5 ± 19. 6 )kU/L to (42. 1 ± 13.6) kU/L at 6 months after treatment remarkably (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Continued to decrease after 12 months and then become steady. Irregular bleeding and spotting was the main side effects, weight gain was also observed in few patients. Conclusions LNG-IUS could be used in treatment of recurrent endometriosis after conservative surgery or conservative surgery combined with medical treatment effectively. It could relieve pain, reduce the level of CA125 and decrease the size of ovarian endometriotic cysts. LNG-IUS seems to be an effective, safe, and long term treatment for endometriosis with fewer side effects and better compliance.     

子宫内膜异位症合并不孕患者腹腔镜术后药物治疗妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症(EMT)合并不孕患者腹腔镜术后联合药物治疗对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2011年6月在北京朝阳医院妇产科行腹腔镜手术且随访资料完整的230例EMT合并不孕患者的临床资料,采用方差分析EMT术前r-AFS分期(Ⅰ~Ⅳ期)与术后是否行药物治疗(孕三烯酮组、GnRHa组与未用药组)对各种妊娠结局及不同性质的妊娠结局(良好结局与不良结局)的影响。结果:1术后妊娠135例,妊娠率为58.7%。230例患者中术前4种r-AFS分期的妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。135例妊娠患者术前4种r-AFS分期间不同妊娠结局的比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。有妊娠结局的126例患者术前4种r-AFS分期在良好或不良妊娠结局之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2230例患者中,GnRHa组与孕三烯酮组、未用药组相比,其发生的不同妊娠结局比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。有妊娠结局的患者中GnRHa组与未用药组相比,良好结局与不良结局的比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而孕三烯酮组与未用药组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:术前r-AFS分期对于腹腔镜术后妊娠率及妊娠结局无影响。术后使用GnRHa对于导致不同的妊娠结局有一定的影响,对良好妊娠结局的影响有作用,而孕三烯酮作用不明显。     

Laparoscopic Management of an Ovarian Dermoid Cyst Containing a Mandibular Structure with Teeth: A Novel Surgical Approach

BackgroundThe presence of ectodermal-derived tissue, including teeth, in an ovarian dermoid cyst is a common occurrence. The presence of a fully formed mandibular structure with teeth, however, is rare, and there are few case reports in the literature that discuss its surgical management.CaseWe report a case of an adolescent girl found to have a mandibular structure with teeth in her dermoid cyst at the time of her laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and a novel surgical approach in the extraction of the cyst contents from the abdominal cavity.Summary and ConclusionThe use of an arthroscopic surgical blade to morcellate the mandibular-like bone allowed for completion of the procedure laparoscopically, without laparotomy for specimen extraction, allowing the patient to benefit from the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.     

术前使用GnRHa对腹腔镜巧克力囊肿切除手术质量的影响

目的:探讨术前使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂对腹腔镜巧克力囊肿切除手术质量的影响.方法:回顾性分析64例腹腔镜巧克力囊肿切除手术资料,其中35例(研究组)术前3个月每月肌注促性腺激素释放激素激动剂3.75mg,其余29例(对照组)术前无药物治疗.结果:研究组、对照组的手术耗时、术中出血量、卵巢创面需电凝止血的例数、囊壁完...     

Role of Ovarian Suspension in Preventing Postsurgical Ovarian Adhesions in Patients with Stage III-IV Pelvic Endometriosis: A Systematic Review

Endometriosis is a benign complex gynecologic condition with high morbidity that affects women of reproductive age. Pelvic adhesion formation represents a serious clinical challenge in the management of patients with endometriosis. Several interventions aimed at reducing postoperative ovarian adhesion formation have been proposed in recent years. Here we summarize the published evidence on the efficacy of ovarian suspension in preventing postoperative ovarian adhesion formation in women undergoing laparoscopic surgery for stage III-IV endometriosis. The research was conducted using electronic databases. A review of the abstracts of all references retrieved from the search was conducted. Selection criteria for the systematic review included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized studies (NRSs) of premenopausal women diagnosed with stage III-IV pelvic endometriosis who underwent ovarian suspension or no ovarian suspension (control group). The RCTs were eligible for meta-analysis. Eight studies, 2 RCTs and 6 NRSs, were included in the systematic review. In all 8 studies, ovarian suspension was performed during surgery for stage III-IV endometriosis. The site of the suspension was the anterior abdominal wall in 76.8% of the cases. Five studies reported the use of polypropylene as suture for the suspension. Removal of the suspension suture in the postoperative period was reported in 6 studies. Pooled data from a meta-analysis of the RCTs show that women who underwent ovarian suspension had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative adhesion formation, particularly of moderate to severe adhesions. Ovarian suspension may reduce the rate and severity of postoperative adhesions formation in women undergoing laparoscopy for the treatment of stage III-IV endometriosis; however, RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed.     

Laparoscopic Outcomes of Adnexal Surgery in Older Children and Adolescents

Study Objective

To evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of adnexal pathology in older children and adolescents.