Correlation of right ventricular ejection fraction and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in tetralogy of Fallot by magnetic resonance imaging

The correlation between right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by two-dimensional (2-D) echo has been repeatedly validated, but not by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nor in patients with congenital heart disease. We tested whether TAPSE measurements by MRI correlate with RVEF in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. TAPSE was measured from systolic displacement of the RV-freewall/tricuspid annular plane junction in the apical 4-chamber view in 7 normal subjects and 14 TOF patients. The RV was reconstructed in 3-D from manually traced borders on MR images to compute true EF. Because we previously observed discrepancy between TAPSE and RVEF in the presence of regional dysfunction, we also analyzed RV wall motion in terms of regional stroke volume at 20 short axis slices from apex to tricuspid annulus. RVEF was 52 ± 3% in normal subjects and 41 ± 9% in TOF (P < 0.01). TAPSE correlated weakly (r = 0.50, P < 0.05) with RVEF. TOF patients exhibited increased regional stroke volume from apical portions of the RV and decreased regional stroke volume at the base compared to normal (P < 0.05 at 15 of 20 slices). Regional stroke volume in apical slices correlated inversely with RVEF such that patients with higher apical stroke volume had lower RVEF (P < 0.05). TAPSE is not a reliable measure of RVEF in TOF by MRI. TAPSE may be of limited use in conditions that exhibit abnormal regional contraction.     

超声心动图在经导管主动脉瓣置换术前评估与术后随访中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在评估经导管主动脉瓣置换（TAVR）术前与术后心脏结构和功能改变中的应用价值。 方法回顾性选取2014年9月至2019年7月在复旦大学附属中山医院心内科行TAVR的重度主动脉瓣狭窄（SAS）患者47例。所有患者均于术前及术后6个月行经胸超声心动图检查并记录常规超声心动图参数和主动脉瓣相关参数,包括左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、后壁厚度（PWT）、肺动脉收缩压（PASP）、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差（AVPGmax）、主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差（AVPGmean）、主动脉瓣有效瓣口面积（AVA）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、主动脉根部内径（AORD）、左心房内径（LAD）,分析TAVR术前与术后的超声心动图参数变化。 结果与术前相比,术后47例患者的LVESD、IVST、PWT、PASP、AVPGmax、AVPGmean均明显减小,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;AVA和LVEF均明显变大,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。术后合并二尖瓣反流中度及以上或三尖瓣反流中度及以上的患者较术前明显减少（8例vs 3例,7例vs 2例）。 结论TAVR可纠正主动脉瓣狭窄,改善患者心功能。超声心动图相关参数有助于TAVR术后人工瓣膜及患者心脏结构功能的随访评估。     

Ebstein畸形胎儿三尖瓣隔瓣下移与瓣环位移Z评分评估心室收缩功能受损程度的相关性研究

目的通过二、三尖瓣瓣环位移Z评分评估Ebstein畸形（EA）胎儿左、右心室功能受损程度,分析三尖瓣隔瓣下移程度分别与左右心室收缩功能受损程度的相关性,探讨心室收缩功能受损机制。 方法2014年9月至2019年12月应用解剖M型超声测量浙江平阳县人民医院及浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院1012名正常胎儿及25例EA胎儿三尖瓣环位移（FAM-TAPSE）及二尖瓣环位移（FAM-MAPSE）值,计算并比较正常组与EA组胎儿Z评分差异,测量EA组胎儿二尖瓣前瓣与三尖瓣隔瓣附着点之间距离（MTD）,分析MTD与心脏长轴长度（CL）的比值（MTD/CL）与瓣环位移Z评分的相关性以及FAM-MAPSE Z评分与FAM-TAPSE Z评分的相关性。 结果EA组胎儿FAM-MAPSE Z评分和FAM-TAPSE Z评分与正常组胎儿差异均有统计学意义（-1.940±1.791 vs -0.135±0.967,-4.358±0.618 vs -0.031±0.919,均P＜0.01）。EA组FAM-TAPSE Z评分均＜-2,36%的FAM-MAPSE Z评分＜-2。FAM-TAPSE Z评分与MTD/CL呈高度负相关（r =-0.800,P＜0.001）。FAM-MAPSE Z评分与MTD/CL不存在显著的相关关系（r =-0.135,P=0.519）,FAM-MAPSE Z评分与FAM-TAPSE Z评分呈中度正相关（r =0.350,P＜0.05）。 结论EA胎儿右心室收缩功能减低与三尖瓣隔瓣下移程度明显相关,部分胎儿伴随左心室收缩功能减低,但与三尖瓣隔瓣下移无明显相关性,三尖瓣隔瓣下移并不是导致左心室收缩功能减低的原因。     

时间-空间关联成像-M模式测量三尖瓣瓣环位移评估正常胎儿右心收缩功能

目的 应用时间-空间关联成像(STIC)-M模式测量三尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE),探讨TAPSE定量评价胎儿右心收缩功能的价值。方法 应用M型超声心动图及STIC-M模式成功测量正常中晚孕胎儿TAPSE 170胎,每个孕周10胎,比较两种方法测量结果是否存在差异。分析TAPSE与孕周(GA)、胎儿体质量预测值(EFW)、三尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度(E)、舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A)的相关性。结果 应用STIC-M模式和M型超声心动图测量TAPSE结果差异无统计学意义。应用STIC-M模式测得的TAPSE与GA、EFW、E、A呈显著相关性(P均<0.001)。结论 正常中晚孕胎儿TAPSE随GA、EFW增加而增长,与E、A等传统右心功能评价参数显著相关。STIC-M模式测量TAPSE具有简单、可重复性强、受胎儿体位影响小的特点,可作为一种新的准确评估胎儿右心功能的方法。     

Anemia and risk of periprocedural cerebral injury detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND: Anemia is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) and has been linked to impaired outcomes after the procedure. Few studies have evaluated the impact of anemia and new ischemic lesions post TAVR.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 158 patients who received TAVR in our center. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria as hemoglobin <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DW-MRI) procedure before and within 4–7 days after TAVR. RESULTS: Anemia was present in 85(53.8%) patients who underwent TAVR, and 126(79.7%) patients had 718 new DW-MRI positive lesions with a mean of 4.54±5.26 lesions per patient. The incidence of new ischemic lesions was 81.2% in patients with anemia versus 78.1% in patients without anemia(P=0.629). Moreover, anemic patients had bigger total volume/lesions in the anterior cerebral artery/middle cerebral artery(ACA/MCA) and MCA regions compared to the non-anemic patients(31.89±55.78 mm³ vs. 17.08±37.39 mm³, P=0.049;and 54.54±74.72 mm³ vs. 33.75±46.03 mm³, P=0.034). Anemia was independently associated with the volume/lesion in the ACA/MCA(β=16.796, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.001 to 31.591, P=0.026) and in the MCA zone(β=0.020, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.040, P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with pre-procedural anemia may have bigger total volume/lesions in the ACA/MCA and MCA regions compared to the non-anemic patients. Whether the consequences of bigger total volume/lesions impact neurological and cognitive outcomes remains to be investigated.     

经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术救治单纯性主动脉瓣重度反流1例

目的 探讨经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗单纯性主动脉瓣关闭不全的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2016年9月8日浙江大学医学院附属第二医院心脏中心开展的浙江省首例经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术的术前评估、术中操作以及患者术后情况.结果 患者严格进行术前评估,术中行全身麻醉、气管插管,透视下定位后第五肋间小切口进胸,打开心包,选择心尖裸区预置荷包,穿刺后导入超滑泥鳅导丝跨过主动脉瓣到达降主动脉,导入J-Valve输送系统逐步释放,经食道超声心动图评估主动脉瓣反流从术前的大量到瓣膜释放后无反流,撤出瓣膜输送系统,手术成功结束.术后患者症状明显缓解,出现Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞,未发生死亡、心肌梗死、心包填塞、动脉夹层等并发症.结论 经心尖途径经导管主动脉瓣置换术是安全可行的,患者的远期预后还有待进一步观察.     

Recent advances in transcatheter aortic valve replacement for high-risk patients

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease of old age. Patients with severe aortic stenosis who develop symptoms have a very poor prognosis without valve intervention. Surgical aortic valve replacement has historically been the only treatment option for these patients. However a significant minority are considered inoperable or at high surgical risk and therefore are refused or decline surgery. In recent years, transcatheter aortic valve replacement has emerged as an alternative treatment option in these high-risk patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the current role of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in contemporary clinical practice including recent advances in technological and procedural aspects and then discuss future directions.     

Ascending aortic dilatation rate after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic stenosis: A multidetector computed tomography follow-up study

BACKGROUND: Current data is lacking about the progression of ascending aortic dilatation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in aortic stenosis (AS) patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). This study aims to assess the ascending aortic dilatation rate (mm/year) after TAVR in patients with BAV versus TAV using a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) follow-up and to determine the predictors of ascending aortic dilatation rate.METHODS: Severe AS patients undergoing TAVR from March 2013 to March 2018 at our center with MDCT follow-ups were included. BAV and TAV were identified using baseline MDCT. Baseline and follow-up MDCT images were analyzed, and the diameters of ascending aorta were measured. Study end point is ascending aortic dilatation rate (mm/year). Furthermore, factors predicting ascending aortic dilatation rate were also investigated.RESULTS: Two hundred and eight patients were included, comprised of 86 BAV and 122 TAV patients. Five, 4, 3, 2, and 1-year MDCT follow-ups were achieved in 7, 9, 30, 46, and 116 patients. The ascending aortic diameter was significantly increased after TAVR in both BAV group (43.7±4.4 mm vs. 44.0±4.5 mm; P<0.001) and TAV group (39.1±4.8 mm vs. 39.7±5.1 mm; P<0.001). However, no difference of ascending aortic dilatation rate was found between BAV and TAV groups (0.2±0.8 mm/year vs. 0.3±0.8 mm/year, P=0.592). Multivariate linear regression revealed paravalvular leakage (PVL) grade was independently associated with ascending aortic dilatation rate in the whole population and BAV group, but not TAV group. No aortic events occurred during follow-ups.CONCLUSION: Ascending aortic size continues to grow after TAVR in BAV patients, but the dilatation rate is mild and comparable to that of TAV patients. PVL grade is associated with ascending aortic dilatation rate in BAV patients post-TAVR.     

基于单中心经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗主动脉瓣狭窄初步临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)治疗主动脉瓣狭窄患者的安全性和有效性。方法:连续入选本中心前40例行TAVR的主动脉瓣狭窄患者。观察终点指标包括手术成功率、并发症、术后30d随访结果等。结果:患者男性27例,女性13例;年龄67~87岁,平均年龄(78.3±5.0)岁。手术成功率100%;与术前相比,术后患者平均主动脉瓣跨瓣压差明显下降[(10.77±3.90)mmHg vs(61.80±18.62)mmHg,P0.001],平均瓣口面积增加[(1.80±0.24)cm~2 vs(0.65±0.17)cm~2,P0.001],美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级改善(1.80±0.62 vs2.95±0.75,P0.001)。术后1d发生瓣周漏13例(12例轻度、1例中度),急性右冠状动脉堵塞1例,瓣膜脱落及脑梗死1例,顽固性心包积液、心包填塞1例。术后30d死亡1例(2.5%),因心脏传导异常置入永久性心脏起搏器4例(10%)。结论:单中心、前40例TAVR结果显示,TAVR对我国外科手术禁忌或高危的主动脉瓣狭窄患者有较好的安全性及有效性。     

超声心动图在二叶式主动脉瓣及其并发症诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在二叶式主动脉瓣(BAV)及其相关并发症诊治中的应用价值。 方法研究对象为2017年1月至10月于复旦大学附属中山医院心脏超声诊断科行超声心动图检查并诊断为BAV的患者,共120例,回顾性分析其超声及临床特点。选取孤立性主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)患者35例,依据美国心脏协会(AHA)/美国心脏病学会(ACC)标准,以平均跨瓣压差为标准分为轻度AS(<20 mmHg)(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)6例,中度AS(20～39 mmHg)17例,和重度AS(≥40 mmHg)12例,并比较BAV合并轻中度AS患者与合并重度AS患者的临床及超声特征。 结果120例BAV患者年龄为18～82岁,男性75例,平均年龄为(51.11±15.46)岁;女性45例,平均年龄为(55.84±13.81)岁,男女患者之间年龄差异无统计学意义(t＝－1.69,P>0.05)。19例(15.8%)患者为单纯BAV而无相关并发症,101例(84.2%)患者均存在不同程度的并发症。35例(29.2%)并发AS,平均年龄为(60.17±13.54)岁,16例(13.3%)并发主动脉瓣反流(AR),平均年龄为(46.44±15.28)岁,并发AR者年龄小于并发AS者(t＝－3.23,P<0.05)。30例患者(25.0%)并发升主动脉扩张,平均年龄(54.83±10.11)岁;另有20例患者(16.7%)同时合并1种及以上并发症。共有27例患者(22.5%)接受手术治疗;12例合并重度AS的患者中有9例接受手术治疗,其中1例为经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVI)。并发重度AS者室间隔厚度[(12.80±2.20)mm]及左室后壁厚度[(11.90±1.97)mm]较轻中度AS者增厚[(9.96±1.40)mm,(9.30±1.02)mm; t＝－4.49,Z＝－3.39,均P<0.05]。 结论BAV合并各种并发症的患者比例高,合并严重并发症而需接受外科或心脏介入手术治疗的患者比例亦高,超声心动图对这部分患者有极大的监测价值。     

急诊经导管主动脉瓣置换术临床实践及预后分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨急诊经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)的临床疗效及预后,为我国急诊TAVR的发展提供规范化流程建议。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年4月期间于浙江大学医学院附属第二医院接受急诊TAVR的12例患者的相关资料(TORCH前瞻性注册队列研究),描述患者的基线、术后围术期及30 d随访结局等数据,并将术后资料与术前资料进行配对样本比较。结果12例患者的胸外科医师学会评分(society of thoracic surgeons score,STS score)中位值为15.432%。TAVR术后主动脉跨瓣流速较术前明显降低(1.69 m/s vs.4.90 m/s,P<0.001)。术后30 d随访期间,1例患者死亡(8.3%),无致残性卒中,2例患者植入永久起搏器,无术后急性肾损伤、主要血管并发症发生。存活患者中81.8%的患者心功能改善为纽约心功能Ⅰ/Ⅱ级,左室射血分数较术前明显改善[(58.8±8.0)%vs.(47.4±9.5)%,P=0.026],主动脉瓣瓣口面积为(1.57±0.30)cm2,无中度及以上瓣周漏,B型脑钠肽前体(1089.9 pg/mL vs.12215.5 pg/mL,P=0.001)、肌钙蛋白T(0.020 ng/mL vs.0.337 ng/mL,P=0.003)均较术前显著下降。结论对于病情危重的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,急诊TAVR是一项可行且有效的抢救治疗方式。     

超声心动图评价二叶式AVR术后心脏结构与功能变化

目的应用超声心动图评估主动脉瓣病变患者在主动脉人工瓣置换术(AVR)术后心脏结构与功能变化。方法选取AVR术后患者77例,根据术前诊断分为3组,AI组(单纯主动脉辯关闭不全)27例,AS组(单纯主动脉瓣狭窄)20例,BAV组(二叶式主动脉瓣膜病)30例,同时选取健康体检者25例作为对照组。超声随访AVR患者4年,采集患者的主动脉窦部内径(Ao-s)、升主动脉内径(Ao-asc),左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDs),室间隔舒张期厚度(Ivsd),左室后壁舒张期厚度(LVPWd)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)并进行对比分析。结果与对照组比较,手术前BAV组和AI组患者的Ao-s、Ao-asc、LVDd、LVDs、IVSd、LVPWd均升高,LVEF、FS均降低;AS组患者的Ao-asc、LVDd、IVSd、LVPWd均升高。术后3个月,BAV组患者的LVDd、LVDs均降低,AI组患者的Ao-s、LVDd、LVDs均降低。BAV患者在4年的随访中Ao-s、Ao-asc有扩张趋势,术后4年与术后3个月比较,Ao-s、Ao-asc增宽;AS、AI患者在4年的随访中,Ao-s、Ao-asc变化无明显差异。结论AVR能够有效阻止BAV患者的心室重构,但术后依然有发生升主动脉扩张的概率,因此应定期进行超声心动图随访关注心脏及大血管变化。