小学生7天体力活动问卷信度和效度的评价

目的　评价小学生 7天体力活动问卷的效度和信度。方法　采用专题小组讨论、观察、专家咨询等方法设计问卷。随机选取北京市城区 4所小学的 4～ 6年级小学生 92名作为调查对象。采用重复实验评价问卷的信度 ,专家评价和Caltrac测量仪分别评价问卷的表面效度、内容效度和准则效度。结果　问卷重复实验的结果之间的一致性较高 ,Kappa值在46.3 %～ 78.9%之间 ,男生斯皮尔曼相关系数r值在 0 .66～ 0 .87之间 ,女生的r值在 0 .57～ 0 .82之间 ,P值均 <0 .0 1。问卷表面效度和内容效度较高 ,问卷结果与Caltrac测量仪结果之间在男女生中差异均无显著性 ,而且两种测量方法在男生中存在显著的正相关关系 (r =0 .46、0 .3 8)。结论　 7天体力活动问卷能可靠地测量北京市城区 4～ 6年级小学生的体力活动水平 ,能有效地测量 4～ 6年级小学男生的体力活动水平     

Reproducibility and relative validity of the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine reproducibility and relative validity of the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). METHODS: Participants (36 men and 14 women, aged 27-58) were asked to complete the SQUASH twice with an inbetween period of approximately 5 weeks. In addition, participants wore the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) Activity Monitor for a 2-week period following the first questionnaire. RESULTS: The Spearman correlation for overall reproducibility of the SQUASH was 0.58 (95%-CI 0.36-0.74). Correlations for the reproducibility of the separate questions varied between 0.44 and 0.96. Spearman's correlation coefficient between CSA readings and the total activity score was 0.45 (95%-CI 0.17-0.66). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the SQUASH is a fairly reliable and reasonably valid questionnaire and may be used to order subjects according to their level of physical activity in an adult population. Because the SQUASH is a short and simple questionnaire, it may proof to be a very useful tool for the evaluation of health enhancing physical activity in large populations.     

国际体力活动问卷中文版的信度和效度研究

目的 评价国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)中文版的信度和效度,提供体力活动水平测量工具。方法 系统抽样94名大学生,间隔3天重复调查检验信度;在39名自愿受试者中,用体力活动(PA)记录和Caltrac加速度计为参照标准检验效度。结果 长短卷各项体力活动组内相关系数均在0.7以上。长卷的体力活动能量消耗与PA记录接近。短卷一日总能量消耗低于PA记录和Cltrac监测值。两个问卷与PA记录的目标体力活动量达标一致率均在70％以上。长卷、短卷和PA记录的每天静坐时间差异无显著性。结论 IPAQ中文版在大学生中的重测信度和效度高于或等于同类问卷。长短卷检测体力活动量达标率与PA记录接近,短卷低估体力活动能量消耗。     

The built environment and recreational physical activity among adults in Curitiba, Brazil

Objective

To examine the relationship between objective measures of the built environment (BE) and recreational physical activity (PA) in adults from Curitiba, Brazil.

Method

A phone survey was carried among a random sample of 1206 people. Walking during leisure time (WLT) and moderate and vigorous recreational PA (MVPA) was measured using IPAQ. Characteristics of the BE were determined in an area of 500 m surrounding respondent's homes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between recreational PA and BE.

Results

After adjusting for confounders, WLT was associated with area income level US$971.45-3341.64 vs. US$167.05-461.06 (25.7% vs. 11.1% POR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.5-4.4), having ≥ 2 gyms vs. none (26.1% vs. 12.7%, POR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2-3.0) and distance to recreation centers, 1769.1-2835.5 km vs. 2835.6-10,212.3 km (22.1% vs. 11.0%, POR = 2.3; 95% CI = (1.0-2.5). MVPA was associated with neighborhood income US$971.45-3341.64 vs. US$167.05-461.06 (47.6% vs. 22.0% POR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.5-5.9) and having ≥ 2 gyms vs. none (41.7% vs. 26.0%, POR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.11-2.1).

Conclusion

The presence of some recreational facilities for PA was associated with recommended levels of PA during leisure time in Curitiba, Brazil.     

Relationships of self-reported physical activity domains with accelerometry recordings in French adults

The objective was to examine the relationships of self-reported physical activity (PA) by domain (leisure, occupational, other) with PA and sedentary time as measured objectively by accelerometry. Subjects were adults with low habitual PA levels from a community in northern France. Among subjects in the lowest tertile of a PA score from a screening questionnaire, 160 (37% males, age: 41.0 ± 10.8 years, BMI: 25.1 ± 4.1 kg/m², mean ± SD) completed a detailed instrument (Modifiable Activity Questionnaire), and wore an accelerometer (Actigraph) for seven consecutive days. Relationships between questionnaire domains (occupational, leisure, and “non-occupational non-leisure”) and accelerometry measures (total activity and sedentary time) were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. In this population, the highest contributor to total reported PA (h/week) was occupational PA. Time spent in non-occupational non-leisure PA ranked second in women and third in men. The most frequent non-occupational non-leisure PA were shopping and household chores. In women, non-occupational non-leisure PA contributed more than occupational or leisure-time PA to total PA energy expenditure (median: 18.0, 9.1, and 4.9 MET-h/week, respectively). Total PA by accelerometry (count/day) was correlated to leisure-time PA in women (r = 0.22, P < 0.05) and to occupational (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and total reported PA (r = 0.39, P < 0.01) in men (all in MET-h/week). There was an inverse relationship between accelerometry sedentary time (h/day) and non-occupational non-leisure PA (MET-h/week, r = −0.30, P < 0.001). These findings indicate the importance of assessing non-occupational non-leisure PA for a better understanding of how individuals partition their time between active or sedentary occupations.     

2018年中国成年居民身体活动不足流行状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解我国 ≥ 18岁居民身体活动不足流行状况,并探讨影响因素。方法 2018年中国慢性病及危险因素监测在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的298个县(区),采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取 ≥ 18岁常住居民,利用包含全球身体活动问卷的调查问卷,以面对面问卷调查和身体测量的方式收集调查对象的人口学特征、身体活动情况等相关信息。最终纳入183 769人作为研究对象。对数据经过复杂加权后,计算身体活动不足率和职业性、交通性和休闲性身体活动时间;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析身体活动不足相关的影响因素。结果 2018年我国 ≥ 18岁居民身体活动不足率为22.3%(95%CI:20.9%~23.7%),男性[24.4%(95%CI:23.0%~25.8%)]显著高于女性[20.2%(95%CI:18.6%~21.8%)], ≥ 70岁[28.4%(95%CI:26.9%~29.9%)]居民显著高于其他年龄组居民,18~29岁[26.4%(95%CI:24.4%~28.3%)]和30~39岁[23.4%(95%CI:21.5%~25.3%)]的青年居民次之,且随着文化程度和总静态行为时间的提高呈上升趋势(P<0.001);每周职业性、交通性和休闲性身体活动时间分别为958.6(95%CI:911.4~1 005.8)min、234.5(95%CI:224.7~244.2)min、88.6(95%CI:83.5~93.7)min。多因素logistic分析结果提示男性、农村、≥ 70岁、初中文化程度、家庭人均年收入<6 000元、华北地区、机关/办事/技术和总静态行为时间较长的居民与更高的身体活动不足率有关。结论 我国超过五分之一的成年居民身体活动处于较低水平。男性、青年人、文化程度较高、机关/办事/技术和总静态行为时间较长的居民是身体活动相关健康促进需要重点关注的人群。     

Associations of physical activity and screen-time on health related quality of life in adults

Background

Associations between the combined effect of physical activity and screen based activities on health related quality of life remain largely undetermined.

Methods

During 2008-2010, cross-sectional data for self-reported health related quality of life, physical activity, and screen-time were collected for 3796 Australian adults. Logistic regression was conducted to examine associations for six combinations of physical activity (none, insufficient, and sufficient), and screen-time (low and high) on health related quality of life.

Results

In comparison to the reference category (sufficient physical activity and low screen-time) men and women who reported no physical activity and either high (OR = 4.52, 95% CI 2.82-7.25) or low (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.37-3.80) screen-time, were significantly more likely to report over 14 unhealthy days. Men reporting either; no physical activity and high (OR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.92-5.15), or low (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.30-3.63) screen-time; insufficient physical activity and high (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.08-2.60), or low (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.14-2.82) screen-time were more likely to rate their health as poor or fair. In women this was significant for those who reported no physical activity and high screen-time (OR = 1.98, 95% CI, 1.19-3.31).

Conclusions

Results suggest that the combination of no physical activity and high screen-time demonstrated the greatest negative impact on health related quality of life.     

Evaluation of a short retrospective questionnaire for physical activity in women

Physical activity (PA) is discussed as a preventive factor for many chronic diseases. Thus, in epidemiological studies it often is an important covariate. Due to frequently long latency periods, long-term PA in the past is of greater interest than current PA. However, there is a lack of retrospective questionnaires that are validated for long-term PA, including occupational, household, and leisure activities. We therefore evaluated a short questionnaire for the comprehensive assessment of usual PA in distant age periods, administered with cognitive interviewing techniques. From an ongoing study on postmenopausal breast cancer 110 cases and 101 controls, age 50–74 years, were randomly selected. Our questionnaire was administered in a telephone interview more than two months after the main study interview, which included a detailed questionnaire on PA performed in the age periods 30–49 years and 50+ years. Total PA scores were derived from both interviews as MET-hours per week. Degree of agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman analyses. Further, potential sources of systematic and random error were investigated. The mean difference between both questionnaires was 3 MET hours/week, and 53.6% of absolute differences were below 35 MET hours/week, i.e. showing good agreement. Further 28.9% of differences could be considered acceptable agreement. Measurement errors seem to be non-differential with respect to cancer status. The median interviewing time was 10 min. Overall, this short questionnaire appears to be a useful and valid tool to distinguish between high and low levels of women’s physical activity in the distant past.     

Reliability and validity of a physical activity questionnaire in children

Background: valid and appropriate assessment of physical activity in children is still needed. Aim: to determine the test–retest reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the Questionnaire l'Activite Physique en Altitude Chez les Enfants. Methods: Population: 6- to 9-year-old children were recruited in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Reliability: questionnaire was administered twice, 3 weeks apart. Intraclass correlation coefficients and 95% confidence interval calculated. Validity: comparison between the questionnaire and pedometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated. Bland–Altman method was used to detect potential bias. Results: a fair-to-good reliability was found, with the highest values for running during breaks at school and total active time during weekdays. No significant difference between the two measurements was observed. The validity was acceptable for total active time during weekdays. Discussion: for the first time, a questionnaire was identified as very promising to assess physical activity in Arabic children.     

Reproducibility of the past year and historical self-administered total physical activity questionnaire among older women

Few studies have evaluated the reliability of a self-administered current and historical physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) among middle-aged and elderly women. We evaluated the reliability of a self-administered PAQ designed to assess total (24 h) current and historical physical activity at age 15, 30, and 50 years, which was completed by a subgroup of 303 women aged 56-75 years from the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC). Total physical activity covered occupational and household activity as well as walking/bicycling, exercise, and inactivity (sitting watching TV/reading). Reliabilities (1-year test-retest) of continuous activity measures in metabolic equivalents were evaluated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); classification consistency was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity statistics. The ICC for total current physical activity was 0.69; for specific types of activities the ICC ranged from 0.49 to 0.59; for historical physical activity, the reliabilities for total activity ranged from 0.75 for age 50 to 0.81 for age 30 years, being substantial for occupational activities (ICC = 0.73-0.75), and fair to moderate for inactivity (ICC = 0.31-0.60). These data indicate that the PAQ used in the SMC is a satisfactory and reproducible measure of current and historical physical activity, for total as well as for different types of activities.     

Objectively measured physical activity and symptoms of psychopathology in general population adolescents from the SIGMA cohort

BackgroundLess physical activity (PA) has been associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescence. Few studies, however, have focused on understanding the nature of the PA – psychopathology relationship and existing research relies mostly on self-report PA measures, which are less reliable. In this study, we investigated the nature of the relationships between objectively measured light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and psychopathology symptoms in adolescents.Methods934 adolescents (63% female) aged 11–19 years from the SIGMA cohort wore the Fitbit Charge 2 measuring LPA and MVPA during at least three days. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-53, assessing general symptoms of psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. Model selection was conducted in a subset of the dataset (n = 464) to determine the best fit. The optimal model was then fitted to the remainder of the dataset (n = 470).ResultsThe results from the selected linear model indicated a non-significant relationship between LPA, MVPA, and symptoms of general psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism.ConclusionsThis study does not provide evidence that higher durations of LPA and MVPA alone relate to reduced symptoms of general psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and psychoticism in the general adolescent population. A more integrative approach considering the interdependency of multiple lifestyle factors, as well as the domain, context, and individual experience of PA may add value to the understanding of the PA-psychopathology relationship.     

Levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with and without visual impairment

BackgroundLimited data are available on objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among adults with and without visual impairment (VI).ObjectiveTo compare PA and SB levels and patterns in adults with and without VI and to examine how these differ based on sex and day of the week.MethodsThirty-two participants with VI and 32 participants without VI participated in this cross-sectional study. PA and SB were assessed using GT3X ActiGraph accelerometers during waking hours for 7 days, and variables were examined in terms of disability group, sex, and day of the week. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used, and significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsPA did not differ in terms of sex or day of the week in participants with VI. The PA of participants without VI was significantly higher for men than it was for women and was significantly higher during weekdays than on weekend days. Total sedentary time and the duration of SB breaks were significantly longer for female participants with VI than for those without VI. The number of sedentary bouts lasting ≥10 min during weekend days was significantly higher for participants with VI than for those without VI.ConclusionsMost adults with and without VI did not meet the recommended levels of daily PA and spend a large portion of the day being sedentary. Interventions to enhance PA and reduce sedentary time in adults with and without VI are required.     

Agreement of accelerometer and a physical activity questionnaire in adults with intellectual disabilities

Purpose

To assess the level of agreement between accelerometer and proxy-respondent questionnaire measurement of the physical activity levels of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Methods

In Glasgow, UK, from May to September 2009, the main carer of participants with intellectual disabilities was asked to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Version, detailing the participants' regular physical activity levels. Participants were also invited to wear an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days, during all waking hours. The level of agreement from the two measurements was compared using the Bland-Altman method.

Results

There is limited agreement between physical activity and sedentary behavior measured with accelerometer and proxy-respondent questionnaire. The 95% limits of agreement for both moderate activity and sedentary activity were − 44.48 to 34.20 min per day and − 8.41 to 6.79 h per day, respectively. As physical activity increased above 10 min per day, the agreement between the accelerometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Version data decreased further.

Conclusion

It remains uncertain whether questionnaire methods have sufficient reliability for use in surveillance of physical activity levels of adults with intellectual disabilities.     

Measurement of neighborhood-based physical activity bouts

This study examined how buffer type (shape), size, and the allocation of activity bouts inside buffers that delineate the neighborhood spatially produce different estimates of neighborhood-based physical activity. A sample of 375 adults wore a global positioning system (GPS) data logger and accelerometer over 2 weeks under free-living conditions. Analytically, the amount of neighborhood physical activity measured objectively varies substantially, not only due to buffer shape and size, but by how GPS-based activity bouts are identified with respect to containment within neighborhood buffers. To move the “neighborhood-effects” literature forward, it is critical to delineate the spatial extent of the neighborhood, given how different ways of measuring GPS-based activity containment will result in different levels of physical activity across different buffer types and sizes.     

Predictors of discordance in self-report versus device-measured physical activity measurement

Purpose

Accurate measurement of free-living physical activity is challenging in population-based research, whether using device-based or reported methods. Our purpose was to identify demographic predictors of discordance between physical activity assessment methods and to determine how these predictors modify the discordance between device-based and reported physical activity measurement methods.

Reliability of a physical activity questionnaire in middle-aged men

Although some items from a questionnaire used to assess occupational and leisure activity in a cohort of male factory workers have reasonable validity, their reliability is unknown. In this study the reliability of this questionnaire was assessed in 54 middle-aged male factory employees by test-retest administration over a 4-6 week period. Kappa statistics for test-retest agreement for individual items on the questionnaire ranged between 0.24 and 0.66. Those items that demonstrated reasonable reliability and validity will subsequently be related to a range of disease endpoints in a prospective cohort study.     

Aging in neighborhoods differing in walkability and income: associations with physical activity and obesity in older adults

While there is a growing literature on the relations between neighborhood design and health factors such as physical activity and obesity, less focus has been placed on older adults, who may be particularly vulnerable to environmental influences. This study evaluates the relations among objectively measured neighborhood design, mobility impairment, and physical activity and body weight in two U.S. regional samples of community dwelling older adults living in neighborhoods differing in walkability and income levels. An observational design involving two time points six months apart was employed between 2005 and 2008. U.S. Census block groups in Seattle-King County, Washington and Baltimore, Maryland-Washington DC regions were selected via geographic information systems to maximize variability in walkability and income. Participants were 719 adults ages 66 years and older who were able to complete surveys in English and walk at least 10 feet continuously. Measurements included reported walking or bicycling for errands (i.e., transport activity) and other outdoor aerobic activities measured via the CHAMPS questionnaire: accelerometry-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; reported body mass index; and reported lower extremity mobility impairment measured via the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Across regions, time, and neighborhood income, older adults living in more walkable neighborhoods had more transport activity and moderate-to- vigorous physical activity and lower body mass index relative to those living in less walkable neighborhoods. The most mobility-impaired adults living in more walkable neighborhoods reported transport activity levels that were similar to less mobility-impaired adults living in less walkable neighborhoods. The results add to the small literature aimed at understanding how neighborhood design may influence physical activity and related aspects of health linked with day-to-day function and independence as people age.     

1997—2009年我国9省区18～49岁成年居民身体活动状况及变化趋势研究

目的研究1997—2009年我国9省区18~49岁成年居民身体活动状况及变化趋势。方法利用＂中国健康与营养调查＂资料中选取1997、2000、2004、2006和2009年5轮调查有完整身体活动数据的18~49岁健康成年居民25 507人作为研究对象,计算该人群每周身体活动量。结果男、女性成年居民身体活动量从1997年的358.7 metabolic equivalent-hours（MET-hrs）/周和403.1 MET-hrs/周分别下降至2009年的255.8 METhrs/周和249.0 MET-hrs/周;城市、农村成年居民身体活动量从1997年的311.1 MET-hrs/周和416.9 MET-hrs/周分别下降至2009年的181.4 MET-hrs/周和285.3 MET-hrs/周,男性、女性、城市、农村成年居民身体活动量在不同调查年间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。成年居民以静态活动为主要休闲方式的人群比例从1997年的89.0%升高至2009年的91.2%;以步行和骑自行车为主要出行方式的人群比例从1997年的70.0%下降至2009年的47.1%,成年居民休闲方式及出行方式的人群比例在不同调查年间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论我国9省区18~49岁成年居民身体活动量发生显著变化,该人群身体活动量的大幅度下降值得关注。     

Why have physical activity levels declined among Chinese adults? Findings from the 1991–2006 China health and nutrition surveys

Between 1991 and 2006, average weekly physical activity among adults in China fell by 32%. This paper discusses why total and occupational physical activity levels have fallen, and models the association between the rapid decline and various dimensions of exogenous community urbanization. We hypothesize that a) physical activity levels are negatively associated with urbanization; b) urbanization domains that affect job functions and opportunities will contribute most to changes in physical activity levels; and c) these urbanization domains will be more strongly associated for men than for women because home activities account for a larger proportion of physical activity for women. To test these hypotheses, we used longitudinal data from individuals aged 18–55 in the 1991–2006 China Health and Nutrition Surveys. We find that physical activity declines were strongly associated with greater availability of higher educational institutions, housing infrastructure, sanitation improvements and the economic wellbeing of the community in which people function. These urbanization factors predict more than four-fifths of the decline in occupational physical activity over the 1991–2006 period for men and nearly two-thirds of the decline for women. They are also associated with 57% of the decline in total physical activity for men and 40% of the decline for women. Intervention strategies to promote physical activity in the workplace, at home, for transit and via exercise should be considered a major health priority in China.     

3种体力活动测量问卷的效度研究

目的 使用计步器作为标准在泰州人群中评价国际体力活动短问卷中文版(IPAQ-S-C)、全球体力活动问卷中文版(GPAQ-C)以及总能量消耗问卷中文版(TEEQ-C)的效度,并分别比较IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C与TEEQ-C间的同时效度以及IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C之间的同时效度.方法 随机抽取泰州市5个乡镇社区300人,连续7d佩戴计步器,并在7d间隔期前后进行IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C和TEEQ-C两次调查.分别选择计步器和问卷作为标准考察效度.结果 最终进入分析191人.与TEEQ-C相比较,IPAQ-S-C和GPAQ-C一周重度体力活动的同时效度相关系数分别为为0.32 (P＜ 0.001)与0.28 (P＜ 0.001),其余各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数在0.4～0.6 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.GPAQ-C与IPAQ-S-C相比,各分类体力活动的同时效度相关系数大部分在0.47～0.77 (P＜ 0.001)范围之间.3份问卷测量的一周静坐时间、GPAQ-C测量的一周步行/骑自行车时间与计步器一周总步数的相关系数分别为-0.20、-0.24、-0.22和0.21 (P＜ 0.005).结论 IPAQ-S-C、GPAQ-C分别与TEEQ-C相比同时效度可以接受,IPAQ-S-C与GPAQ-C相比同时效度较好;计步器作为标准应用于问卷标准效度研究时需谨慎评价.