基于生物力学分析的分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位

目的 探讨分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位的临床效果。方法 利用口颌系统姿态肌链平衡理论对颞下颌关节复位过程进行生物力学分析,改进复位手法;运用分侧口内外联合法治疗87例颞下颌关节前脱位患者,对临床效果进行评价。结果 分侧口内外联合法可有效避免升颌肌群反射性收缩,提高复位效率;87例患者均成功复位,术程用力轻巧高效,髁突下降指征明确,患者并发症少。结论 分侧口内外联合法是一种高效、便捷、微创的颞下颌关节前脱位复位方法,在临床上有一定的推广应用价值。     

基于生物力学分析的分侧口内外联合法 治疗颞下颌关节前脱位

目的 探讨分侧口内外联合法治疗颞下颌关节前脱位的临床效果。方法 利用口颌系统姿态肌链平衡理论对颞下颌关节复位过程进行生物力学分析,改进复位手法;运用分侧口内外联合法治疗87例颞下颌关节前脱位患者,对临床效果进行评价。结果 分侧口内外联合法可有效避免升颌肌群反射性收缩,提高复位效率;87例患者均成功复位,术程用力轻巧高效,髁突下降指征明确,患者并发症少。结论 分侧口内外联合法是一种高效、便捷、微创的颞下颌关节前脱位复位方法,在临床上有一定的推广应用价值。     

45例复发性颞下颌关节前脱位的分类及治疗探讨

目的 介绍一种基于MRI上关节盘与髁突相对位置的颞下颌关节复发性前脱位分类方法,以及针对不同类型采用不同手术方法治疗的经验。方法 选择2003年5月—2016年5月治疗的45例颞下颌关节复发性前脱位患者。依据MRI分为Ⅰ型（关节盘无移位）、Ⅱ型（关节盘移位）、Ⅲ型（骨关节病）及Ⅳ型（存在精神或神经功能障碍）,依据分类选择不同的手术治疗方法。结果 Ⅰ型28例（62.2%）,Ⅱ型12例（26.7%）,Ⅲ型2例（4.4%）,Ⅳ型3例（6.7%）。Ⅰ型患者采用关节结节增高术或关节镜下硬化剂注射术;Ⅱ型患者采用颞下颌关节盘复位固定术（锚固）及关节镜下关节盘复位固定术,辅助关节结节增高术;Ⅲ型患者根据临床症状进行手术;Ⅳ型患者均采用关节结节凿平术。随访期间未发现开口受限、开口疼痛、脱位复发。结论 基于MRI影像学特点对颞下颌关节脱位进行分类,对术者选择合适的治疗方案具有指导意义。     

自体喙突移植重建髁突对儿童颞下颌关节强直患者下颌骨生长的远期影响

目的 儿童期下颌骨髁突受损通常导致错颌畸形和面部生长不协调。本研究目的是评价自体喙突移植重建下颌骨髁突对儿童颞下颌关节强直患者面部生长发育的远期影响。方法 追踪评估2008年1月1日至2016年12月31日期间收治于四川大学华西口腔医院正颌及关节外科的10名单侧颞下颌关节强直的儿童患者,其中包括3名男性和7名女性,于5~12岁期间接受了关节间隙成形术、同侧喙突移植髁突重建术和带蒂颞筋膜瓣置入术。术后追踪3~8年,平均4.9年。术后拍摄曲面断层X线片,测定患侧下颌体长度和下颌支高度的生长量并与健侧相比较。结果 所有患者术后恢复良好,追踪结束时10名患者的最大开口度为32~41 mm,平均35.6 mm。自体喙突移植重建髁突解除强直后下颌支高度和下颌体长度均继续生长,但是依然存在生长不足的现象。与初始数据（术后）相比,患侧下颌支高度（随访结束）增加了25.3%（P<0.05）,患侧下颌体长度增加了26.1%（P<0.05）。对比患侧与健侧的下颌骨生长率,患侧下颌支高度增长量与健侧相比少47.1%（P<0.05）,患侧下颌体长度的增长量与健侧相比少27.2% （P<0.05）。结论 自体喙突移植重建下颌骨髁突治疗儿童颞下颌关节强直后,患侧下颌骨可继续生长,但依然会存在生长不足的现象。在颞下颌关节强直治疗完成后,相比于健侧,患侧的生长率是减小的。     

改良型治疗性义齿在颞下颌关节紊乱综合征患者咬合重建中的应用

目的 探讨改良型治疗性义齿在颞下颌关节紊乱综合征患者咬合重建中的应用。方法 使用改良型治疗性义齿对20例牙列缺损伴有颞下颌关节区器质性病变的患者进行咬合重建,分别在使用治疗性义齿期间及更换最终修复体后调查患者的主观感觉,检查临床症状,并采用Friction颞下颌关节紊乱指数（CMI）进行评估,采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 患者佩戴治疗性义齿1个月后,关节区症状缓解有效率达到100%;佩戴最终修复体后,关节区舒适性以及修复体使用方面均能达到满意的疗效;CMI较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）。结论 对于牙列缺损伴有颞下颌关节紊乱综合征（骨关节病）的患者,改良型治疗性义齿在咬合重建过程中可获得理想的疗效。     

骨性II类下颌后缩伴前牙开正畸治疗一例

目的 探讨骨性II类患者伴颞下颌关节疾病导致的前牙开的临床治疗效果。材料与方法： 拔除上颌右侧第一前磨牙、上颌左侧第一前磨牙、下颌左侧第二前磨牙、下颌右侧第二前磨牙后,上颌后牙颊侧植入微种植体加强上颌支抗内收上前牙,下颌弱支抗内收下前牙,同时上颌后牙区腭侧置入微种植体辅助压低上颌后牙。结果 该病例在微种植体的辅助下,最终在颞下颌关节稳定的状态下建立正常的咬合关系,同时面型得到较好的改善。     

正畸治疗对下颌髁突肥大术后颞下颌关节的影响

目的:评价正畸治疗对下颌髁突肥大术后颞下颌关节的影响,并探讨其术后关节的稳定性。方法:下颌髁突肥大高位切除术后转诊患者20例,男8例,女12例,年龄17~34岁,平均21.2岁,采用固定或隐形正畸治疗,种植钉压低患侧上颌后牙。术前、术后及正畸后进行颞下颌关节功能对比,常规拍摄锥形束CT(CBCT),头颅定位侧位片,Tc99m_MDP颌骨计算机体层扫描(SPECT)检查,着重测量关节间隙的改变。结果:术前患侧和健侧比较关节间隙(包括前间隙、上间隙及后间隙)无统计学差异,手术后及正畸后各关节间隙手术侧与非手术侧差异有统计学意义。结论:髁突高位切除术联合术后正确的正畸治疗可以有效改善患者由于髁突肥大导致的颜面及错牙合畸形以及由此引发的颞下颌关节障碍,正畸治疗后髁突回到关节窝正常位置,患侧髁突改建,稳定性较好。     

髁突矢状骨折继发颞下颌关节强直31例临床分析

目的:探讨髁突矢状骨折继发创伤性颞下颌关节强直的临床特点。方法:回顾性分析2001～2010年武汉大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科收治的31例、48侧继发于髁突矢状骨折的颞下颌关节强直患者的相关临床资料。结果:31例颞下颌关节强直患者平均外伤年龄15.6岁,其中23例(74.2%)外伤年龄小于16岁。病程3月~20年,平均病程6.5年。42侧强直关节的关节盘发生移位,6侧强直关节的关节盘完全破坏。强直关节标本镜下观察:内侧髁突骨折块发生废用萎缩性改变,外侧骨球区见软骨细胞呈灶性增生成骨,关节盘纤维结构紊乱、玻璃样变性。结论:青少年髁突矢状骨折易发生颞下颌关节强直,关节盘的移位损伤是颞下颌关节强直发生的重要条件。创伤性颞下颌关节强直首先发生在关节外侧,融合骨赘的组织病理学表现为软骨化生、成骨。     

局部注射外源性神经生长因子促进小鼠钛种植体周骨胶原早期成熟的研究

目的 探讨神经生长因子（NGF）对骨整合早期种植体周骨组织的影响。方法 在小鼠腿骨植入钛种植体区局部注射外源性NGF,建立小鼠腿骨钛种植体-NGF模型。并于术后1、2、4周分别采用苏木精-伊红（HE）和Masson染色,探讨NGF在种植体骨整合早期不同时间点对种植体周骨胶原成熟的影响。结果 HE染色与Masson染色显示,体内局部注射NGF使小鼠股骨头钛种植体模型中种植体周骨量、骨胶原成熟度增加。术后第1周和第4周实验组成熟骨胶原占比均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 体内局部注射NGF能加速小鼠腿骨内钛种植体周新生骨胶原的早期成熟。     

髁突矢状骨折手术中关节盘复位的应用

目的 探讨髁突囊内骨折开放手术中关节盘复位及固定方法的选择及疗效评判。方法 选择因髁突骨折接受手术治疗,且随访期超过6个月的36例患者为研究对象,骨折类型以髁突矢状骨折为主;术中采用长螺钉内固定,依据关节盘移位及损伤程度分别对关节盘采用缝合法（22侧）及锚固法（14侧）进行复位。术后1、3、6个月及1年进行随访,选择手术前及手术后6个月为时间点详细记录Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数（CMI）相关的各项指标,从临床和颞下颌关节（TMJ）功能两方面评估术后恢复情况。结果 两组患者术后TMJ功能改善,CMI分别从治疗前的0.213±0.162和0.273±0.154下降到0.059±0.072和0.064±0.068（P<0.05）。两组不同关节盘复位及固定方法之间比较,CMI、肌肉压痛指数和TMJ功能障碍指数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 2种方法处理关节盘均可以有效地改善创伤导致的TMJ功能障碍,关节盘复位及固定方法的选择以关节盘移位及损伤程度作为参考。     

Increasing the articular eminence by the use of blocks of porous coralline hydroxylapatite for treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation

Surgical operations are performed on some patients with recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. The surgical procedures applied are usually eminectomy and augmentation of the articular eminence. In this article, a surgical procedure for increasing the articular eminence using coralline porous hydroxylapatite is described. The implant is used as an interpositional bone graft placed into a gap created by an osteotomy of the articular eminence. Meniscoplasty is performed simultaneously as an additional operation. This procedure has been performed on eight TMJ's in five patients who had had severe recurrent dislocation. The immediate and further postoperative results were highly successful and no recurrence of dislocation was observed during this period of time.     

Eminectomy associated with redirectioning of the temporal muscle for treatment of recurrent TMJ dislocation

Fourteen patients with recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint underwent surgical operation which consisted of Myrhaug's (1951) technique (resection of the articular tubercle and eminence). In 12 of these 14 cases, Myrhaug's technique was associated with redirectioning of the temporal muscle (Ullik and Zenker's (1961) technique). The simultaneous performance of both surgical procedures has been extremely useful in achieving a definite cure of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint.     

Dautrey's procedure: an alternative for the treatment of recurrent mandibular dislocation in patients with pneumatization of the articular eminence

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is an involuntary forward movement of the mandible beyond the articular eminence with the condyle remaining stuck in the anterior-most position, leaving the patient unable to close their mouth. Conservative treatment for this condition includes the injection of sclerosing agents or the intramuscular administration of botulinum toxin type A, while surgical therapy requires either removal or augmentation of the articular eminence. Once the surgical treatment plan has been determined, pneumatization of the articular eminence may turn a relatively simple procedure into a great surgical challenge. We present herein the cases of two patients suffering from recurrent mandibular dislocation who happened to have pneumatization of the articular eminences. Both patients were treated with a down-fracture of the zygomatic arch, known as Dautrey's procedure, modified by the application of a miniplate connecting the displaced arch and the lateral portion of the articular eminence. Neither patient had suffered a new episode of dislocation at their most recent postsurgical visit.     

Eminectomy and discoplasty for correction of the displaced temporomandibular joint disc

Eminectomy with or without a subsequent discoplasty was performed on 30 patients (36 joints) with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) confirmed either arthrographically or with magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of the inclination of the TMJ eminence and the therapeutic value of eminectomy are discussed. The TMJs were clinically evaluated before and at least 1 year after surgery in respect to opening function and symptoms. The results were promising (86.8% of the patients felt better). In five patients with a preoperative diagnosis of anterior disc displacement with reduction, only an eminectomy was performed. In these five cases eminectomy alone was sufficient to restore normal TMJ function.     

Glenotemporal osteotomy and bone grafting in the management of chronic recurrent dislocation and hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint

Chronic recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare and has many causes. Although it is possible to start treating it conservatively, these treatments are usually unsuccessful. Over the years, many operations have been done including operating on the muscles, the articular capsule, the articular meniscus, and the condyle. At present, the most widely accepted techniques are those used on the articular eminence. It may be reduced (eminectomy), favouring free movement of the condyles, or an obstacle may be interposed to prevent excessive movement of the condyles. These later techniques include Norman's (glenotemporal osteotomy with interpositional bone grafting). Other techniques include Dauterey's procedure, on which onlay bone grafts or bone substitutes are inserted in a subperiosteal pocket inferior to the articular eminences. We report a prospective study of 60 patients who had a bilaterally modified glenotemporal osteotomy, 40 who had chronic dislocations of the temporomandibular joints and the other 20 who had severe hypermobility of the joints. Bone grafts, iliac or calvarial, were inserted at the osteotomy between the zygomatic arch and the articular eminence, and fixed either by wires, mini-plates or microplates, and screws. Stable results were obtained and retained during long-term follow up of 1-8 years.     

A modified approach for eminectomy for temporomandibular joint dislocation under local anaesthesia: report on a series of 50 patients

Conventional eminectomy for habitual dislocation of the temporomandibular joint is usually performed under general anaesthesia. This technique was modified for use under local anaesthesia to treat medically compromised patients. Fifty elderly patients (90 joints) were treated, for whom general anaesthesia was considered a serious risk due to systemic diseases; the dislocation was habitual in 39 and long-standing in 11. Following intravenous sedation and local anaesthesia, a 2-cm superficial vertical skin incision was made directly above the articular eminence. Careful and gentle dissection of the subcutaneous tissue was performed until the lateral joint capsule was exposed. The superior compartment was entered, followed by shaving of the articular eminence in a conventional manner. The surgery was successful in all patients, with a mean operative time of 47 ± 12 minutes. Intraoperative events occurred in 10 patients (20%). Postoperative complications affected 25 patients (50%), varying from severe (two deaths, due to cardiopulmonary arrest and accidental fall) to mild (local infection, etc.). Eleven patients (22%) had facial nerve palsy limited to the temporal branch; all recovered after 6 months. This approach is useful when general anaesthesia is contraindicated due to existing medical conditions. However, prudent consideration may be required to avoid serious complications when local anaesthesia is used.     

A clinical study on treatment of temporomandibular joint chronic recurrent dislocations by a modified eminoplasty technique

Various augmentation techniques have been proposed to incarcerate the condyle for the treatment of temporomandibular joint chronic recurrent dislocation (CRD). Some of them have been used successfully, whereas some of them failed. The purpose of this study was to present an alternative eminoplasty technique, more specifically an inlay augmentation technique of articular eminence in the treatment of temporomandibular joint CRD. Twelve patients, 11 of whom had bilateral and the remaining 1 of whom had unilateral CRD, were evaluated. The same technique was used in the treatment of all patients. An oblique osteotomy of the eminence was carried out. Harvested chin graft was contoured in wedge form and inserted tightly into the osteotomy site. The augmentation of the eminence was provided by an inlay cortical bone graft without using any of the conventional fixation materials used to secure the bone graft. All of the symptoms of CRD have disappeared in the postoperative stage. Long-term follow-up revealed satisfactory mouth opening and augmentation of the eminence. None of the fixation materials such as wire, screw, or miniplate were used to keep the bone graft in proper place, and yet, patients had no further episode. It provided shorter operating time for surgeon and satisfactory postoperative results.     

Surgical treatment of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation: A case report

Introduction

Chronic dislocation of temporomandibular joint is usually treated with conservative approaches, but in some cases, surgery is needed to avoid recurrencies. The present paper described a case report of a bilateral intervention for articular tubercle height augmentation by means of calvaria bone grafts.

Materials and Methods

A 32-year-old woman attended the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Padova, Italy, in January 2007 seeking treatment for a bilateral recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation. She was treated with a surgical procedure providing an antero-posterior osteotomy of the caudal portion of the articular eminence and the insertion of a calvaria bone graft, preserving the periosteum of the borders of the osteotomic beach. The newly remodeled articular eminence has an increased height, thus representing a barrier to condylar dislocation out of the glenoid fossa. No ostheosynthesis fixation was provided, and physiotherapic rehabilitation was started in the immediate postoperative phases to help the patient gain a good jaw function as soon as possible.

Results

Such a technique showed to be effective, as during an 8-month follow-up span, the patient referred no recurrencies of joint dislocation. Jaw motion parameters maintained good over the entire follow-up period, and radiological assessments showed no signs of bone grafts reabsorption.

Conclusions

The technique described in the present case report has some potential advantages over other surgical approaches to the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation that need to be assessed with future studies.     

关节镜辅助治疗陈旧性颞下颌关节脱位临床疗效研究

目的探讨借助关节镜采用微创的方法治疗陈旧性颞下颌关节脱位的临床价值。方法对2007年3月至2011年5月在中国医科大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科手术治疗的19例陈旧性颞下颌关节脱位患者,按就诊顺序随机分为A、B两组,A组(10例)采用关节镜辅助微创手术治疗,B组(9例)采用传统的开放性手术治疗。通过术后随访及问卷调查来评价关节镜在治疗陈旧性颞下颌关节脱位的应用价值。结果经过术后6个月至2年的随访发现,两组患者在面瘫、颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)的发生率以及创口预后满意度和疼痛程度方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在复发方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);关节镜辅助治疗组术后满意度高于传统手术组,而并发症远远低于传统手术组。结论关节镜辅助治疗陈旧性颞下颌关节脱位的方法安全可行。因其创伤小,并发症少,更适用于高龄患者。