乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血清多溴联苯醚负荷水平及对出生结局的影响

目的研究乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血清多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)负荷水平和对新生儿出生结局的关联性。方法随机抽取乌鲁木齐市55例汉族足月初产妇血液样本,使用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪检测血清中7种PBDEs(BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183)浓度,计算PBDEs总浓度(ΣPBDEs),分析各组分之间的相关关系及PBDEs机体负荷与新生儿出生结局的关联。结果ΣPBDEs浓度范围为47. 62～49 900. 00 pg/g lw,在检测组分中BDE-183为PBDEs主要贡献来源,以中位数计算,其贡献率为48. 71%,各组分间BDE-28和BDE-47,BDE-99和BDE-28、BDE-47,BDE-100和BDE-28、BDE-47,BDE-153和BDE-47,BDE-154和BDE-28、BDE-153,BDE-183和BDE-47、BDE-99呈正相关(P<0. 05),ΣPBDEs与新生儿结局变量中仅身长、体质量呈正相关(P<0. 05)。结论乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血液中PBDEs负荷水平较低,但能够对新生儿出生结局造成一定影响。     

孕期体重变化率与足月产新生儿体重关联剂量反应关系的研究

目的 探讨孕期体重变化率与足月产新生儿出生体重关联强度的剂量反应关系。方法 选取2006年1月至2013年12月江苏省昆山市围产保健监测系统18 868名孕产妇与足月产新生儿为研究对象。使用多因素logistic回归及限制性立方样条法分析产妇孕期体重变化率[即(末次产检体重-初次产检体重)/(末次产检孕周-初次产检孕周)]与足月产新生儿出生体重关联强度及其剂量反应关系。调整因素包括产妇年龄、教育程度、孕前BMI、户籍状态、经产妇、初次产检孕周与胎儿性别。结果 高水平的孕期体重变化率在孕前低BMI(OR=3.15, 95%CI: 1.40~7.07)、正常BMI(OR=3.64, 95%CI: 2.84~4.66)、超重(OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.71~3.27)的产妇中与分娩足月巨大儿有统计学关联;孕前低BMI(OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.13~0.61)及正常BMI(OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.22~0.64)产妇与分娩足月低体重儿有统计学关联。孕期体重变化率与分娩足月巨大儿的关联强度呈现非线性“S”形剂量反应关系(非线性检验P<0.000 1);与分娩足月低体重儿的关联强度呈“L”形非线性剂量反应关系(非线性检验P<0.000 1)。结论 孕期体重变化率与分娩足月低体重儿的关联强度呈现“L”形曲线, 而与分娩足月巨大儿的关联强度呈现“S”形曲线。     

多溴联苯醚的环境暴露及健康危害

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为阻燃剂广泛用于家庭消费品中,是正在受到全球关注的新环境污染物。人类主要通过食物、室内空气污染等暴露PBDEs。过去30年,环境中与人体内的PBDEs水平不断增高。实验研究资料显示,PBDEs具有内分泌干扰作用,影响甲状腺激素和性激素。PBDEs具有肝脏毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性、发育毒性,但毒作用机制不明确。人群研究资料非常匮乏。环境监测资料表明中国存在PBDEs环境暴露,而我国在PBDEs健康影响方面的研究几乎空白,应该引起重视。     

2007年北京地区母乳中多溴联苯醚污染水平的分析

目的调查北京地区母乳中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染水平,评价一般人群PBDEs机体负荷状况。方法在北京的城区、近郊区和远郊区分别随机采集母乳样品,以建立的高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)测定母乳样品中PBDEs含量,测定组分包括BDE28、BDE47、BDE99、BDE100、BDE153、BDE154和BDE183。结果北京地区母乳中PBDEs各组分均有检出,其中BDE28、BDE47和BDE153三个组分的贡献率约占PBDEs总量(∑PBDEs)的80%。∑PBDEs平均含量为1.48ng/g,中位数含量为1.51ng/g,城区母乳中PBDEs含量高于偏远的农村地区。结论北京地区母乳中PBDEs处于低水平,但是个别样品存在异常污染现象。     

新生儿脐血血清多溴联苯醚浓度及影响因素

[背景]多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一种广泛使用的溴代阻燃剂,对生态环境和人群健康均有不良影响,因此监测脐带血中PBDEs浓度并探究其暴露影响因素可为母婴人群PBDEs暴露风险评估提供证据.[目的]评估新生儿脐血血清中PBDEs的水平并分析暴露影响因素.[方法]以2009年6月—2010年1月江苏省射阳小型出生队列中的1...     

人体内多溴联苯醚暴露水平及主要来源的研究进展

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为性能优良的阻燃剂得到了广泛的应用，但是毒理学研究发现，PBDEs具有生殖毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰作用，环境和人体PBDEs暴露水平的增加已引起了越来越多的关注。现有的研究发现，不仅人体血清、母乳及脂肪组织都存在着可检测的PBDEs，而且浓度较30年前呈现出明显的上升趋势，婴儿和儿童的暴露量更是高达成人的数倍。PBDEs的职业暴露多来自于从事电子电器加工及生产的相关工作，而室内灰尘则是儿童暴露的主要来源。     

多溴联苯醚的环境分布

持久性有毒物质（PTS）与臭氧层破坏和温室效应一样并称为21世纪影响人类生存与健康的三大环境问题。多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为PTS的一种由于其对人体健康造成的危害日益引起各国科学家的关注。该文就PBDEs在世界范围内各种环境介质中的含量及分布情况作一综述。     

多溴联苯醚的环境和人体分布及生态毒理学效应

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)污染已在世界各地普遍存在,且其浓度在环境中快速增长,所以受到人们的广泛关注.环境中的PBDEs的迁移规律决定其环境效应,是进行环境和健康风险评价的基础.目前关于PBDEs的研究主要集中于沉积物及生物体内的PBDEs分析检测,对其生态毒理效应的研究尚处于起步阶段.该文概述了PBDEs的研究现状,着重介绍了PBDEs在环境中的分布模式、在生物体内的蓄积规律以及环境中PBDEs的生态毒理效应等方面的研究进展,同时也阐述了PBDEs污染对人体健康的影响,并提出了PBDEs研究亟待解决的问题.

Abstract：

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are widely present in the world and their concentration in the environment has been increasing rapidly.PBDEs pollution has caused an extensive concern in recent years.The environmental effects of PBDEs are decided by their transfer and transformation.which is the basis of environmental and health risk evaluation.At present,a considerable number of detection of PBDEs has been undertaken in sediment and wildlife.However,little research has been done on the ecotoxicology of PBDEs.The purpose of this paper was to introduce the research status of PBDEs,to summarize emphatically their distribution model,bioaccumulation regularity and ecotoxicology effects in the environment,and to discuss the influences of PBDEs on human health.Finally the problems needed to be solved in this field are proposed.     

深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平和特征及人体呼吸暴露分析

目的 揭示深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平和特征,并初步分析当地人群的多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)呼吸暴露量.方法 采用大流量主动采样装置,利用同位素稀释的高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用(HRGC/HRMS)方法,对6个行政区域、11个采样点位中的大气(含颗粒和气相)中7种多溴联苯醚单体浓度(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-153,BDE-154,BDE-183)进行检测分析,并采用呼吸速率、肺泡中气体交换的空气比率等参数,对当地人群的多溴联苯醚呼吸暴露量进行分析.结果 深圳市大气中∑7PBDEs的浓度范围为8.28 ～ 168.86pg/m,平均浓度为29.03 pg/m.丰水期和枯水期样品浓度存在季节差异,丰水期多溴联苯醚的浓度高于枯水期.BDE47和BDE-99在两个时期均是丰度较高的构型,但在枯水期所占比例有所下降,单体分布趋于平均化.深圳市民多溴联苯醚的日呼吸暴露量成人为4.72 pg/kg,儿童为10.74 pg/kg.结论 深圳市大气中多溴联苯醚污染水平高于英国、韩国、日本的大阪和京都的城市水平;但是低于国内的广州、北京等城市已经报道的水平.儿童多溴联苯醚的呼吸暴露量明显高于成人,应该引起足够的重视.     

妇女儿童多溴联苯醚暴露及其健康效应的研究进展

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是全球广泛使用的一种添加型溴代阻燃剂,具有高度的亲脂性、累积性、难降解性和生化毒性。PBDEs可通过食物链的放大作用在生物体内蓄积,从而产生生物毒性作用。该文简单介绍了PBDEs在环境中的分布特征,主要就PBDEs在特殊人群(育龄妇女、婴幼儿和儿童)中的暴露水平及其产生的健康效应研究进展进行了综述。     

Association of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and infant birth weight

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent compounds that have been used as flame retardants in vehicles, household furnishings, and consumer electronics. This study examined whether concentrations of PBDEs in maternal serum during pregnancy were associated with infant birth weight, length, head circumference, and length of gestation. Participants were pregnant women (n = 286) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study, a longitudinal cohort study of low-income, predominantly Mexican families living in the Salinas Valley, California. Blood samples were collected near the 26th week of pregnancy in 1999-2000, and concentrations of 10 PBDE congeners (BDE-17, -28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) were measured. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the association of lipid-adjusted, log(10)-transformed PBDE concentrations and birth outcome. In adjusted analyses, negative associations with birth weight were seen with BDE-47 (β = -115 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): -229, -2), BDE-99 (β = -114 g, 95% CI: -225, -4), and BDE-100 (β = -122 g, 95% CI: -235, -9). These findings were diminished slightly and were no longer statistically significant when maternal weight gain was included in the models. PBDE congeners were not associated with birth length, head circumference, or gestational duration.     

Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposure and anogenital distance in boys from a Shanghai birth cohort

Background

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are major brominated flame retardant (BFR) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. One small-scale study on humans has suggested that prenatal exposure to PBDEs is adversely related to anogenital distance (AGD) a sensitive marker for prenatal androgen exposure. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and AGD among boys 0–4 years of age in a cohort study.

母亲一般情况及生活方式与新生儿出生体重的关系

目的了解厦门地区孕妇一般情况、生活方式对新生儿出生体重（Birth Weight,BW）的影响,为孕中期保健干预策略和措施制定提供参考。方法前瞻性队列研究,2009年1月～11月于厦门市妇幼保健院产前保健门诊随机选取符合条件对象,进行孕妇生活方式调查,追踪妊娠结局并对孕产妇和新生儿出生体重进行测量。与新生儿出生体重相关的各种可能因素采用多元线性回归与logistic回归分析,未选入模型但临床认为较有意义的变量进行非参数和χ2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果完整问卷440例,追踪至分娩结局417例,失访23例（5.23%）。非条件logistic回归分析（α入=0.10,α出=0.11）发现孕后运动（B〈0,OR〈1,P=0.019）和孕后做家务（B〈0,OR〈1,P=0.035）是BW异常的保护因素;χ2检验（α=0.10）表明孕前BMI异常及无怀孕史的妇女,其BW异常率较高（P〈0.10）;多元线性回归（逐步回归法、前进法、后退法,α入=0.10,α出=0.11）发现孕前BMI（b〉0,P〈0.05）、电梯使用（b〉0,P〈0.05）与BW呈正相关,被动吸烟（b〈0,P=0.088）与BW呈负相关;非参数秩和检验（α=0.05）表明根据恩格尔系数,家庭小康和富裕的BW最高,而温饱及以下生活水平的BW最低;孕期吸烟暴露造成BW随着被动吸烟时间增加不断降低（P〈0.05）。结论孕妇尽量避免烟雾暴露,适当运动,做些力所能及的家务,有利于BW的控制。     

Trophodynamics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a marine food web

The current study measured the concentrations of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in a marine food web and estimated their trophic magnification factors (TMFs), to highlight the differences between invertebrates, fish, and seabirds. Concentrations of PBDEs were orders of magnitude greater in seabirds (184.07 ± 161.63 ng/g lipid wt) compared with invertebrates and fish (19.01 ± 14.14 ng/g lipid wt). Although the congener profiles in invertebrates, fish, and juvenile seabirds were dominated by BDE-47, the contributions of BDE-99 and BDE-153 in adult seabirds were also significant. Unlike PBDEs, however, higher average MeO-PBDE concentrations were detected in fish (126.27 ± 189.27 ng/g lipid wt) and bivalves (15.96 ± 11.82 ng/g lipid wt) than in seabirds (2.61 ± 2.87 ng/g lipid wt). Correlations between lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations and trophic levels confirmed that seven PBDE congeners were magnified in the invertebrate-fish-seabird food web and that PBDE concentrations increased at a much greater rate across trophic levels in seabirds than in invertebrates and fish. This result indicates that estimating TMFs of PBDEs separately for seabirds, invertebrates, and fish is preferable. For MeO-PBDEs, no significant relationships were obtained in the invertebrate-fish-seabird food web.     

孕妇孕期膳食结构与新生儿出生体重相关分析

目的:了解孕妇膳食结构与新生儿出生体重相关关系,为开展孕期营养教育与营养改善工作提供科学依据。方法:以西固区医院130例孕妇为调查对象,对孕妇各种膳食摄入情况进行调查分析,并收集新生儿出生体重资料用于统计分析。结果:孕妇谷类、蛋类、畜禽肉类、油类摄入与新生儿出生体重成正相关(P0.05),水果类、蔬菜类、鱼虾类、大豆类、奶类及奶制品摄入与新生儿体重不成线性相关(P0.05)。结论:孕妇谷类、蛋类、畜禽肉类及油类与新生儿出生体重密切相关,但孕妇膳食结构不合理,应调整不平衡膳食结构,加强孕期营养知识教育。     

妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露与新生儿低出生体重的meta分析

目的定量分析和评价妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露对新生儿低出生体重的影响。方法通过计算机联机检索国内外文献数据库,采用meta分析对妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露与新生儿低出生体重关系的研究进行整合分析。经异质性检验后选择合适的效应模型进行统计量的计算合并,同时检验结果的稳健性及是否存在发表偏倚。结果最终筛选出16篇文献,meta分析结果显示,整个妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露浓度每升高10μg/m~3,新生儿发生低出生体重的风险增加9.53%(95%CI:3.92%~14.84%);妊娠早、中、后期PM_(2.5)暴露浓度每升高10μg/m~3,新生儿发生低出生体重的风险分别增加6.77%(95%CI:-4.08%~17.40%),5.83%(95%CI:-2.02%~13.98%),2.96%(95%CI:-3.05%~9.53%)。敏感性分析发现,所获得的研究结果相对稳定可靠,但在分析整个妊娠期PM_(2.5)暴露对新生儿低出生体重的影响时仍存在一定的发表偏倚。结论整个妊娠期PM_(2.5)的暴露可能增加新生儿发生低出生体重的风险。     

壮族孕妇血红蛋白浓度和低出生体重关联强度剂量反应关系

目的 探讨孕期血红蛋白(Hb)浓度和低出生体重儿（LBW）的剂量-反应关系。方法 选取广西武鸣、平果、靖西、德保、隆安、田东等县级医院2015年1月 - 2017年12月入院的12 468例壮族孕妇作为研究对象,回顾性收集研究对象的一般人口学资料、孕期产检以及出生结局资料,采用非条件logistic回归分析孕期贫血、Hb变化对LBW的影响,限制性立方样条模型分析不同孕期Hb浓度、Hb变化和LBW的剂量-反应关系。结果 调整混杂因素后,非条件logistic回归显示,孕早期贫血组发生LBW的风险是非贫血组的1.69倍(aOR = 1.69,95%CI:1.38～2.07,P＜0.001);孕期Hb变化最低组发生LBW的风险是中值组的1.67倍(aOR = 1.67,95%CI:1.12～2.48,P = 0.012)。限制性立方样条显示,孕早期Hb浓度与LBW呈非线性 “L” 型剂量-反应关系(非线性检验:P＜0.001),孕晚期Hb浓度与LBW呈非线性 “U” 型剂量-反应关系(非线性检验:P＜0.001),孕期Hb变化与LBW倒 “L” 型剂量-反应关系(非线性检验:P＜0.001)。结论 孕早期贫血可增加LBW的发生风险,孕期Hb浓度及Hb变化与LBW呈非线性剂量-反应关系。     

A review of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in China

This paper reviews recent studies on human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in China, with particular focus on external exposure routes (e.g. diet and dust ingestion, inhalation of air) and internal doses based on biomonitoring studies of PBDEs (e.g. breast milk, blood and hair). PBDE concentrations reported for fish samples collected from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites, PBDE manufacturing sites, local markets in selected cities and estuarine areas in China have been compiled. House dust has been a significant contributor to human exposure to PBDEs in many countries. This is especially true for toddlers, who are exposed to significantly higher doses of PBDEs than adults. Infants are also exposed to high levels of PBDEs via breast-feeding. The general population's inhalation exposure to PBDEs from household products is likely a less significant source into the indoor environment. In addition, the contribution of several exposure pathways to PBDEs among various age groups was analyzed. We found that house dust contributed most to the daily exposure to PBDEs for both toddlers and adults in urban areas of China. Furthermore, workers and residents in and around electronic recycling and PBDE manufacturing sites are exposed to the highest PBDE levels among all populations studied thus far. For the occupationally exposed populations, BDE209 was the dominant congener, in most cases. Rigorous pollution prevention and occupational protection measures are needed in China to mitigate potential health effects associated with PBDE exposures.