口腔癌患者外周血白细胞介素2和可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的临床研究

对２９例口腔癌患者外周血白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）活性和可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）含量进行检测，并对其中１６例术后患者外周血ＩＬ－２和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行检测。结果表明：口腔癌患者ＩＬ－２活性明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。手术治疗后ＩＬ－２活性明显回升，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平则显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。研究还发现ＩＬ－２及ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与肿瘤临床分期密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。口腔癌患者外周血ＩＬ－２和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的变化可能与肿瘤大小、治疗效果和复发、预后密切相关。外周血ＩＬ－２和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的检测对口腔癌的诊断、病情的判断及预后监测具有一定的临床意义。     

唾液生物标志物在口腔癌筛查中的应用

唾液含有丰富的DNA、RNA、蛋白质、微生物及代谢产物。它作为一种无创、安全的来源,可以替代血液用于疾病的诊断和预后。随着微阵列技术、全基因组测序、全转录组测序等高通量技术的快速发展,研究发现唾液是一个潜在的巨大生物标志物储存库,已有多种疾病特异性唾液标志物被挖掘。本文整合了已报道的有关口腔癌及癌前筛查的唾液生物标志物,探讨了唾液作为该领域生物标志物的优缺点及改进策略,以期为将来口腔癌的早期诊断及治疗提供参考。     

唾液蛋白质组学与口腔癌生物标志物

该文旨在研究人类唾液中的蛋白标志物，评价其对口腔鳞癌的潜在诊断价值。收集64例OSCC患者的唾液样本，并与健康者进行对照。应用鸟枪法（shotgun）蛋白质组学对16例实验组及配对对照组的蛋白质谱进行分析。对其余48例标本进行免疫测定，以进一步确认候选的生物标志物。采用ROC分析法评估发现的候选标志物对OSCC的诊断价值。     

口腔癌患者唾液中透明质酸含量的检测及意义

目的:检测口腔癌患者唾液中透明质酸(HA)的含量,探讨HA对口腔癌辅助诊断和治疗效果监测的价值。方法:选择住院治疗的口腔癌患者36例,健康人20例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)测定所有标本唾液中的HA浓度。结果:治疗前口腔癌患者唾液中HA含量显著高于健康人(P<0.05),治疗后口腔癌患者唾液中HA含量低于治疗前,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:唾液中HA含量测定对口腔癌可能有辅助诊断价值。唾液中HA的含量变化可作为判断肿瘤预后的参考,但不能用于治疗效果的监测。     

唾液外泌体在口腔鳞状细胞癌的研究进展

口腔鳞状细胞癌 (oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)是影响人类健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一。由于缺少早期筛查及检测的肿瘤生物标记物,导致晚期口腔癌的致死率达到50%。外泌体(exosomes)是细胞释放到细胞外的纳米级囊泡,广泛分布于唾液中,携带生物活性分子,介导肿瘤细胞和肿瘤微环境之间的相互作用。随着对外泌体研究的深入,发现外泌体与口腔疾病的诊断和治疗有着密切的关系,可作为口腔癌早期筛查的理想标志物。本文就唾液中外泌体在口腔鳞状细胞癌的研究进展作一综述,为口腔癌早期诊断的研究提供参考。     

白细胞介素6与牙周炎的关系

白细胞介素6是一种来源广泛的多功能细胞因子，与牙周炎有密切的关系。在有害物质作用于牙周组织的初期，局部正常水平的IL-6具有一定的保护组织的作用，而增多的IL-6则对牙周组织产生破坏牙槽骨和抑制主体细胞生长等病理作用。IL-6的产生及作用受到众多因素的调控。对IL-6的检测以及抑制IL-6的分泌和破坏作用对牙周炎的诊断和治疗具有一定的临床价值。     

口腔癌患者外周血白细胞介素2和可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平…

对２９例口腔癌患者外周血白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）活性和可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩｌ－２Ｒ）含量进行检测，并对其中１６例术后患者外周血ＩＬ－２和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行检测，结果表明：口腔癌患者ＩＬ－２活性明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。手术治疗后ＩＬ－２活性明显回升，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平则显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）。研究还发现ＩＬ－２及ｓＩＬ－２     

巨噬细胞来源的白细胞介素6对口腔鳞癌细胞增殖活性的影响

目的: 探讨巨噬细胞来源的白细胞介素6（interleukin 6,IL-6）对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞系增殖活性的影响。方法: 通过MTT法检测不同浓度重组IL-6对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞系SCC-15和CAL-27增殖活性的影响。建立佛波酯诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞分化模型,分别通过实时定量荧光PCR（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附试验,分析脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）刺激下的THP-1细胞中mRNA水平的变化以及THP-1细胞培养基中IL-6的含量。利用MTT法检测含THP-1条件培养基对SCC-15和CAL-27细胞系增殖活性的影响。采用GraphPad 7.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 培养基中添加IL-6,可促进SCC-15和CAL-27细胞系的增殖活性。LPS可刺激活化的THP-1巨噬细胞分泌IL-6;活化的THP-1细胞培养基可促进SCC-15和CAL-27细胞的增殖活性。结论: LPS刺激巨噬细胞分泌的IL-6,可促进口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞系SCC-15和CAL-27的增殖活性。     

Comparison of antioxidant enzymes activity and the concentration of uric acid in the saliva of patients with oral cavity cancer,odontogenic cysts and healthy subjects

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 726–730 Chronic inflammation is related to oxidative stress and is still believed to be the cause of carcinogenesis. Patients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) exhibited lower total antioxidant capacity, uric acid (UA) concentration, salivary peroxidise (SPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in their saliva than did healthy subjects. This could be a risk factor for tumour induction. Odontogenic cysts also arise in response to locally acting proinflammatory factors, for example, a gangrenous tooth. Furthermore, cyst development is accompanied by chronic inflammation. There are some reports in the literature concerning primary tumours such as squamous cell carcinomas arising from odontogenic cysts. The reason for this transformation is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the status of the antioxidant defence system in the saliva of the group with odontogenic cysts and OCC with that of the healthy control. Saliva samples were collected in the morning. SOD, SPO activity and UA concentration were determined using standard methods. Patients with odontogenic cysts and OCC exhibited lower activity of major antioxidants in their saliva (SPO, UA) than did healthy people. SOD activity and age are the main factors that distinguish these diseases. Discriminant function analysis showed that once data such as antioxidant status of saliva, age and smoking status are known 80% cases can be correctly classified as healthy, 80% as having odontogenic cysts and 40% as cancerous. To conclude, the decrease in concentrations of major antioxidants in the saliva of patients with cysts may increase the risk of neoplastic transformation especially in advanced age.     

Relationship between tongue coating and secretory-immunoglobulin A level in saliva obtained from patients complaining of oral malodor

AIM: The aim of this study was to confirm the relationships between oral malodor and periodontal condition, oral malodor and tongue coating, and to investigate the secretory-immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) level in saliva in relation to the accumulation of tongue coating. METHODS: Fifty-four patients complaining of oral malodor were included in the study. Their periodontal conditions, tongue coating status and salivary characteristics (flow rate, protein and S-IgA concentrations) were assessed in addition to the level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in oral cavity. The patients were divided into three groups according to their tongue coating level. RESULTS: There are significant relationships between oral malodor and specific periodontal parameters used. The degree of tongue coating was also significantly correlated with the amount of H2S, CH3SH and the total amount of VSC determined. The concentration of S-IgA in the group identified as slight tongue coating was significantly higher than in the moderate or the severe group. By Western immunoblotting analysis, a high level of S-IgA specific to Streptococcus species was recognized in all groups, whereas the reactivity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum with S-IgA was very weak in both the slight and the moderate groups. CONCLUSION: Data herein indicate that tongue coating is closely related to oral malodor. Furthermore, S-IgA in saliva may influence the accumulation of tongue coating, and S-IgA antibodies directed to Streptococcus species may play a role in protective immunity against the initial colonization of tongue plaque.     

Statherin levels in saliva of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity: a preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure concentration of human salivary statherin in patients with oral cavity pathologies and salivary gland diseases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Levels of statherin were analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in following groups of subjects: group A: 24 patients with neoplastic diseases of salivary glands, group B: 13 patients with inflammatory lesions of salivary glands, group C: 13 patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity excluding salivary gland tumors, group D: 20 healthy volunteers (control group). RESULTS: Our preliminary data indicated a sensible reduction of the statherin level in the saliva of patients with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity (group C) compared with the healthy subjects (group D). The statherin levels are not significantly reduced either in the inflammatory (group B) or in the salivary glands tumours (group A), compared with the healthy subjects (group D). CONCLUSION: Statherin could play a protective effect in oral cavity in association with its other functions.     

Adenosine deaminase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in saliva from patients with oral and laryngeal cancer

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate saliva's activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) enzymes and their utility as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in oral and laryngeal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre- and post-operative saliva's activities of ADA and 5'-NT enzymes were measured in patients with squamous cell oral (n = 10) and laryngeal cancer (n = 17) and compared with control saliva samples (n = 19). RESULTS: The ADA was found to be lower in saliva of the patients with oral cancer compared with the laryngeal cancer and controls. However, no significant differences were found between pre- and post-operative values for both enzymes in the patient groups. We also could not find statistically significant differences between saliva's activities of 5'-NT in patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Low activity of ADA observed in saliva of the patients with oral cancer has been suggested as a compensatory mechanism against rapid purine and DNA metabolism in cancer cells. The current study does not support the hypothesis that saliva's activities of these enzymes may be used as additional diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers.     

Melatonin in diseases of the oral cavity

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 242–247 Background: Melatonin is the principal secretory product of the pineal gland. It has immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities, stimulates the proliferation of collagen and osseous tissue and acts as a protector against cellular degeneration associated with aging and toxin exposure. Arising out of its antioxidant actions, melatonin protects against inflammatory processes and cellular damage caused by the toxic derivates of oxygen. As a result of these actions, melatonin may be useful as a co‐adjuvant in the treatment of certain conditions of the oral cavity. Methods:  An extensive review of the scientific literature was carried out using PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane base. Results: Melatonin, which is released into the saliva, may have important implications for oral diseases. Melatonin may have beneficial effects in certain oral pathologies including periodontal diseases, herpes viral infections and Candida, local inflammatory rocesses, xerostomia, oral ulcers and oral cancer. Conclusions: Melatonin may play a role in protecting the oral cavity from tissue damage caused by oxidative stress. The experimental evidence suggests that melatonin may have utility in the treatment of several common diseases of the oral cavity. However, more specific studies are necessary to extend the therapeutic possibilities to other oral diseases.     

Evaluation of serum sialic acid,sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in oral cavity cancer

OBJECTIVE: Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates is among the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate clinical usefulness of circulatory levels of sialic acid, sialoproteins and sialyltransferase for early diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer (OC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples collected from 210 untreated OC patients, 100 patients with oral precancerous conditions (OPC) and 100 healthy males. OC patients were followed after initiation of anticancer treatment and 394 follow-up samples were also collected. Serum sialic acid levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Sialyltransferase activity was analysed using radioassay. Alpha 2-6 sialoproteins were isolated using lectin affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Serum levels of free, protein bound and total sialic acid as well as their ratio with total proteins were significantly elevated in untreated OC patients compared with healthy individuals, patients with OPC as well as complete responders (CR). Levels of the markers were comparable between untreated OC patients and non-responders. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and extent of malignant disease. Serum sialyltransferase activity showed significant elevations in OC patients compared with the controls (P<0.001), patients with OPC (P<0.05) and CR (P<0.05). Higher sialic acid levels in OC patients at the time of diagnosis showed poor survival. The changes in serum proteins with terminal alpha 2-6 sialic acid correlated well with the alterations in the levels of sialic acid forms and sialyltransferase activity. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed the elevations in sialic acid and sialyltransferase levels in OC patients and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this neoplasm. The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.     

Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity and gastric mucosa: a meta‐analysis

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40 : 317–324 Background: Helicobacter pylori have been found in the oral cavity and stomach. This study is to establish whether there might be any associations between isolates of H. pylori in the oral cavity and those in the stomach by meta‐analysis. Methods: Studies reporting raw data on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the oral cavity in gastric H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative patients, in patients with gastroesophageal diseases, and in healthy individuals and studies reporting data on the eradication rate in the oral cavity or stomach, published in the English language, were identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE up to May 2010. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in the oral cavity in gastric H. pylori‐positive patients was significantly higher (45.0%) than that in gastric H. pylori‐negative patients (23.9%). The pooled odds ration (OR) was 3.61 and the 95% CI was 1.91–6.82 (P < 0.0001). Different diagnostic methods produced different pooled ORs with PCR the highest (OR = 5.11, 95% CI: 2.08–12.54, P = 0.0004) and rapid urease test (RUT) the lowest (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.80–5.00, P = 0.14). The 44.8% (91/203) prevalence of H. pylori infection in the oral cavity in patients with clinical and/or histological gastroesophageal diseases was significantly higher than the 13.2% (21/159) in patients with non‐ulcerous dyspepsia or healthy controls (OR = 5.15, 95% CI: 2.97–8.92, P < 0.00001). The eradication efficiency in stomach is 85.8% (187/218), while in oral cavity it is only 5.7% (9/158). The OR is 55.59, P < 0.00001. Conclusions: There is a close relation between the infection of H. pylori in the oral cavity and stomach. H. pylori in the oral cavity are more difficult to be eradicated than in the stomach. It may be a source of reinfection.