颌面部创伤356例的临床分析

目的:回顾分析356例颌面部创伤患者的临床资料,探讨口腔颌面部创伤好发人群、受伤原因、骨折部位及合并症等临床流行病学特点。方法:对356例口腔颌面部创伤患者的临床资料进行流行病学调查分析。结果:男女患者比例为3.75∶1;21～40岁组为高发年龄段(58.5%);交通事故为最常见受伤原因(52.5%);下颌骨骨折发生率最高(68.5%),其次是颧骨颧弓骨折(15.8%);颅脑损伤是最常见的合并伤。结论:交通事故伤呈上升趋势,颅脑损伤为最严重的并发症,危及生命,应及时救治。     

新疆地区2492例口腔颌面部创伤患者临床流行病学分析

目的:分析新疆地区2 492例口腔颌面部创伤患者的临床流行病学特点,并进行探讨。方法:收集新疆地区2012-01—2016-12期间,在新疆各地医院住院治疗的口腔颌面部创伤病人5年间的病例资料,对每位患者的年龄、性别、创伤原因、创伤类型、骨折部位、全身合并损伤及神经损伤等内容进行临床回顾性分析。结果:收集2 492病例,其中男性1 981例,女性511例,男女比为3.88∶1,21～30岁是好发年龄;职业分布上以农民最多,占44.3%;交通事故是主要的创伤原因,占41.8%;创伤类型中多处骨折最常见(37.4%);骨折部位以下颌骨骨折最为常见(31.97%),其次颧部骨折(25.3%);全身合并伤中最常见的是四肢伤(27.5%),其次是颅脑(24.5%)和眼(21.4%);神经损伤病人124例,其中面神经损伤为78例,占62.9%。结论:口腔颌面部创伤发病率与性别、年龄及创伤原因有关;青壮年男性是好发人群;颌面部创伤往往合并四肢、颅脑和眼睛损伤;交通事故是致颌面部损伤的主要原因,居于首位。     

3050例颌面部损伤临床分析

目的：分析3050例颌面部损伤的临床表现及治疗效果,为颌面部损伤综合治疗方案的确定提供数据资料。方法选择因颌面部损伤住院的3050例患者的临床资料进行回顾,分析患者的性别、年龄、损伤原因、职业、地域分布、血型、骨折部位、合并伤、首诊收入科室及治疗效果等因素。结果3050例颌面部损伤患者中,男女比例为3.9∶1;20～40岁（1711例,56.1%）为发病的高峰年龄;交通事故伤（1055例,34.6%）在致伤原因中居首位;颧骨复合体（707例,23.2%）、鼻眶筛骨（650例,21.3%）、下颌骨（540例,17.7%）在颌面部骨折中居前三位。颌面部损伤常合并颅脑损伤（1321例,43.3%）及面部软组织挫裂伤（1275例,41.8%）。2632例骨折患者中,首诊收入科室包括口腔科（67.3%）、骨科（11.6%）及脑外科（8.4%）。所有患者的简明损伤评分（abbrebiated injury scale,AIS）平均得分为2.3分,介于中度与较重度之间。手术治疗1694例（55.5%）,保守治疗1356例（44.5%）。结论颌面部损伤患者中以男性为主,以青壮年比例最高;交通事故伤为主要致伤原因;颧骨复合体、鼻眶筛骨及下颌骨最容易发生骨折;颌面部损伤常合并颅脑、胸腹腔、四肢等其他重要部位损伤;颌面部损伤的治疗效果总体满意。     

125例髁突骨折临床回顾性研究

目的：对125例髁突骨折病例进行回顾性研究。方法：通过对125例髁突骨折病例资料的统计,对髁突骨折的发生年龄、性别、致伤原因、骨折类型,伴发骨折、治疗方法及手术入路等进行分析。结果：髁突骨折患者125例168侧,男女比例为3.63：1,骨折最常发生于21～30岁。最常见的为跌坠伤（53例,42.4%）和交通事故伤（51例,40.8%）。囊内骨折80侧（47.6%）;髁颈骨折61侧（36.3%）;髁突下骨折27侧（16.1%）。颏部骨折44例（35.2%）,是最常见的伴发骨折部位。手术治疗128侧（76.2%）,保守治疗40侧（23.8%）。73侧（57.0%）采用耳屏前入路,33侧（25.8%）采用颌后穿腮腺入路,19侧（14.8%）采用下颌下入路。结论：髁突骨折多发于青壮年男性,交通事故伤和跌坠伤是髁突骨折最常见的原因,囊内骨折是最常见的骨折类型,颏部骨折是最常见的伴发骨折部位,手术是髁突骨折的主要治疗方法,耳屏前入路是最常用手术入路。     

呼和浩特地区颌面部骨折的临床流行病学研究

目的通过大量临床病例资料的流行病学回顾性研究,明确呼和浩特地区颌面部骨折患者的流行病学特点,为呼和浩特地区颌面部骨折的防治提供流行病学依据。方法收集呼和浩特地区医院2002年7月～2007年6月五年间颌面部骨折住院患者的病例资料,对每位患者的年龄、性别、居住地区、损伤原因、骨折部位、合并损伤及治疗方法等内容进行统计学分析。结果共收集病例516例,男性454例,女性62例,男：女为7.32：1,好发年龄为21～40岁。交通事故是主要损伤原因,占64.66%,其中摩托车致伤158例,占49.07%;汽车致伤152例,占47.20%;非机动车辆致伤12例,占3.73%。经统计分析,郊区的交通事故高于市区,摩托车肇事是造成郊区交通事故的主要原因。下颌骨是最常见的骨折部位。四肢、颅脑是最常见的合并损伤。结论在救治颌面创伤的同时,应观察患者的生命体征,注意颅脑、四肢等合并伤的救治。     

口腔颌面部骨折102例临床分析

目的：总结2000年以来口腔颌面部骨折病例诊治的临床体会。方法：对102例口腔颌面部骨折病例进行回顾性分析,包括年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、损伤类型、治疗方法等。结果：102例中下颌骨骨折72例（70.5%）,上颌骨骨折8例（8%）,颧骨骨折22例（21.5%）。交通事故伤69例（68%）,其中机动车致伤51例（50%）,非机动车致伤18例（18%）;他伤16例（15%）;意外伤17例（17%）。15例单纯采用非手术牵引钛钉颌间牵引治疗,74例采用手术切开复位钛板钛钉内固定治疗,13例为钛钉颌间牵引下切开复位内固定治疗。结论：颌面部骨折多因交通事故所致,且多发于下颌骨。钛钉颌面牵引内固定术是一种良好的治疗颌骨骨折的方法。     

儿童颌面部创伤683例临床分析

目的通过对683例创伤病例的回顾性分析,探讨儿童颌面部创伤的特点.方法对四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔颌面外科颌面部创伤住院病例中15岁以下(含15岁)儿童创伤病例,分7岁和7-15岁两个年龄组进行患者性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、治疗方法等方面的分析研究.结果男460例,女223例,男女之比为2.06:1;坠落伤(40.7%)、锐器损伤伤(16.4%)、交通事故伤(14.8%)为前3位致伤原因;下颌骨骨折是最常见的骨折(51.7%);并发症以颅脑损伤多见(14.5%);骨折治疗以闭合外固定等保守方式为主.结论男孩比女孩更易遭受颌面部创伤;儿童多因意外坠落致伤;下颌骨骨折最常见.     

老年患者颌面部创伤83例临床分析

目的：研究老年口腔颌面部创伤的临床治疗方法及效果。方法：对赤峰学院附属医院口腔科2008年8月至2013年8月期间收治的83例老年口腔颌面部创伤住院病人的病历资料进行统计和分析,并与同期的随机抽取的90例非老年组患者进行比较。结果：83例老年颌面创伤患者男女比例为2.9∶1。交通事故49.39%在致伤原因中居首位。下颌骨骨折发生率最高。在合并伤中,以颅脑损伤6例（42.86%）最多见。经过及时治疗,83例患者生命体征平稳,面部形态恢复满意,咀嚼功能良好,张口度≥3 cm,咬合关系恢复正常。结论：颌面部损伤治疗应以抢救生命,保护功能,恢复面容为原则,及时进行急救和固定处理。     

1001例口腔颌面部创伤患者临床分析

目的:通过对1001例口腔颌面创伤患者回顾分析,了解口腔颌面部创伤患者的流行病学特点。方法:对第四军医大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科2008年8月—2011年3月期间收治的1001例口腔颌面创伤患者的病历资料进行统计分析。结果:1001例口腔颌面创伤患者男女比为2.80∶1;20～29岁(30.07%)为发病的高峰年龄段;交通事故(48.45%)在致伤原因中居首位。在口腔颌面创伤中,下颌骨骨折573例,发生率最高。合并伤以眼部最多见(171例),其次为颅脑伤和四肢创伤。结论:口腔颌面创伤患者以骨折多见。骨折发生的数量、部位等与致伤原因、受力性质及相应部位的解剖结构有关。眼部创伤、颅脑创伤及四肢创伤为最常见的并发症,应予以充分重视,治疗时不可忽视全身状况。     

颌面部交通事故伤237例临床分析

目的:分析交通事故所致颌面部创伤的临床特点。方法:对因交通事故致颌面部创伤的住院患者进行回顾性调查,分析创伤发生的年龄、性别、致伤方式、伤情特点及致伤年的变化特点。结果:交通事故所致颌面部创伤中,患者年龄高峰为20岁～40岁,男女发病比为4.78:1。致伤方式以汽车车祸为主,摩托车次之;在伤情特点方面,下颌骨骨折所占比例为32.07%,且颌面部交通事故伤有逐年上升的趋势。结论:交通事故致颌面部创伤在发病年龄、性别、致伤方式、致伤部位及致伤年等方面具有明显的发病特点。     

颌面部骨折1264例临床回顾分析

目的:探讨和总结颌面部骨折的临床特点和治疗方法。方法:对我院2012年6月—2017年6月收治的1264例颌面部骨折住院病例进行回顾分析,包括年龄、性别、致伤原因、损伤部位、全身损伤及治疗方法。结果:男942例（74.53%）,女322例（25.47%）;20~50岁（59.10%）为好发年龄段;意外摔伤965例（76.35%）;276例(21.84%)伴全身损伤,颅脑损伤120例（37.62%）;1107例（87.58%）采用坚固内固定。结论:颌面部骨折中男性占大多数,意外摔伤是最主要的原因。颅脑损伤是最常见的并发症,开放复位内固定术是目前最主要的治疗方法:。     

Analysis of 126 hospitalized elder maxillofacial trauma victims in central China

Background

The aim of this study was to analyzed the characteristics and treatment of maxillofacial injuries in the elder patients with maxillofacial injuries in central China.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and treatment of maxillofacial injuries in the patients over the age of 60 to analyze the trends and clinical characteristics of maxillofacial trauma in elder patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (from 2010 to 2013) in central China and to present recommendations on prevention and management.

Results

Of the 932 patients with maxillofacial injuries, 126 aged over 60 years old accounting for 13.52% of all the patients (male:female, 1.74:1; mean age, 67.08 years old). Approximately 52% of the patients were injured by falls. The most frequently observed type of injuries was soft tissue injuries (100%), followed by facial fractures (83.05%). Of the patients with soft tissue injuries, the abrasions accounted the most, followed by lacerations. The numbers of patients of midface fracture (60 patients) were almost similar to the number of lower face fractures (66 patients). Eighty two patients (65.08%%) demonstrated associated injuries, of which craniocerebral injuries were the most prevalent. One hundred and four patients (82.54%) had other systemic medical conditions, with cardiovascular diseases the most and followed by metabolic diseases and musculoskeletal conditions. Furthermore, the study indicated a relationship between maxillofacial fractures and musculoskeletal conditions. Only 13 patients (10.32%) sustained local infections, of whom had other medical conditions. Most of the facial injuries (85.71%) in older people were operated including debridement, fixing loose teeth, reduction, intermaxillary fixation and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Conclusions

Our analysis of the characteristics of maxillofacial injuries in the elder patents may help to promote clinical research to develop more effective treatment and possibly prevent such injuries. Key words: Maxillofacial, trauma, elderly, characteristics, treatment.     

颌面部骨折142例临床报告

目的:总结分析颌面部骨折的病因、临床特点及治疗方法。方法:对中国医科大学附属口腔医院2004年10月-2005年9月收治的142例颌面骨骨折患者,分别从其年龄、性别、病因、骨折类型、全身损伤、治疗及手术并发症等各方面,进行综合分析研究。结果:颌面部骨折好发于男性,20～50岁为好发年龄段;交通事故损伤最常见(59.15%);多见下颌骨骨折(50.00%)及颧骨复合体骨折(29.58%);常伴发全身损伤(35.21%);治疗中复位后坚固内固定术是最佳方法(81.65%);手术切口以口内为主(58.72%);术后神经损伤及感染极少见。结论:颌面部骨折以青壮年居多,最主要病因是交通事故,除复位颌间牵引保守治疗外,复位后坚固内固定是现今临床最常用的治疗方法。     

548例颌面创伤患者的回顾性分析

目的：通过回顾分析本院颌面创伤住院患者的临床资料，了解西安地区颌面创伤病例的构成、发病特点和临床流行病学现状。方法：对第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科2003年7月～2006年6月3年间548例口腔颌面创伤患者的年龄、性别、时间、致伤原因、骨折特点、好发部位、神经损伤以及合并损伤等方面进行流行病学调查分析，采用SPSS10．12软件录入、分析所有数据。结果：颌面创伤患者占本院同期住院患者的22％，男女比例为3．9：1，21～40岁为发病高峰年龄。颌面创伤患者以7月份最多，2月份最少。交通事故在致伤原因中占50．91％，居于首位。颌面损伤以多发性骨折为主，人均骨折部位数为2．3处。在颌面骨骼中，下颌骨骨折最常见，其次是上颌骨和颧弓。在颌面部神经中，眶下神经和面神经损伤最常见。颅脑伤、四肢伤和眼损伤是颌面骨折最常见的合并伤。结论：近年来颌面创伤发病率逐年上升，且伤度加重、伤情复杂，交通事故伤呈上升趋势，创伤患者有年轻化趋势，男女比率有一定下降。     

1693名颌面创伤患者临床病例回顾性研究

对第四军医大学口腔医院1986-1995年10年间1693名颌面创伤住院患者进行了临床流行病学回顾性研究。颌面创伤患者人数占住院总人数的16%，并呈逐年递增趋势；男女比例为6：1，20-30岁为发病高峰年龄，交通事故在致伤原因中占47%，居地首位，颌面损伤以多发性骨折为主，人均骨折部位数为1.7个，在颌面骨骼中，下颌骨骨折最常见，其次是颧骨和上颌骨，颅脑伤是颌面骨折最常见的合并伤，面中部较面下部骨折更易造成颅脑损伤。     

2461例颌面部骨折患者临床分析

目的 对2461例颌面部骨折病例进行临床回顾研究.方法 对广州中医药大学附属佛山中医院2003至2009年间因颌面部创伤住院的2461例骨折患者进行回顾分析,明确患者性别、年龄、损伤原因、职业、地域分布、血型、骨折部位、多处合并伤、损伤程度、首诊收入科室、治疗效果.结果 2461例颌面部骨折病例中,男女比例为4.28∶1;20～40岁为发病的高峰年龄(1424/2461,57.86%);道路交通伤938例(40.98%),在致伤原因中居首位;第三产业900例(78.53%),尤其从事交通运输业人员是最易骨折群体;颧骨复合体、鼻骨、下颌骨骨折分别占22.08%(955处/4325处)、20.67%(894处/4325处)和16.35%(707处/4325处),以上是颌面部骨折最好发部位;常合并颅骨、颅脑损伤及软组织挫裂伤,分别为21.74%、38.36%和48.84%.简明损伤评分法(abbrebiated injury scale,AIS)评分85.98%(2116例/2461例)患者小于2分;38.16%(939例/2461例)的患者首诊收入骨科.结论 颌面部骨折发病率逐年上升,交通事故为主要致伤原因,损伤程度较轻,常合并骨科损伤,男性较女性多见,发病人群以青壮年为主.

Abstract：

Objective To review the 2461 cases of maxillofacial fractures. Methods From 2003 to 2009, 2461 maxillofacial fracture cases were treated in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Data regarding sex, age, cause of injury,occupation,geographic distribution, blood type, fracture site, multiple associated injuries, injury severity, the patient's first admitted department, treatment results were reviewed. Results The male and female ratio was was road traffic accident(938 cases,40.98% ). People in tertiary industry(900 cases,78.53% ) were most vulnerable to injuries. The zygomatic complex (22.08% ), nasal bone (20.67% ) and mandible ( 16.35% )were the most frequent fracture sites, which were often associated with skull ( 21.74% ), brain ( 38.36% )and soft tissue contusion injury (48.84% ). 85.98% (2116/2461 cases), of patients' AIS score was less than 2. Orthopaedics (939/2461 cases, 38.16% ) was the first admitted department. Conclusions The traffic accidents are the main cause of the maxillofacial fractures. Most injuries are found in the young and middle-aged people.     

An 11-year review of dental injuries associated with maxillofacial fractures in Turin, Italy

Introduction

The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, characteristics, and correlations between maxillofacial fractures and dental injuries in patients who were treated at a first-level trauma center in a metropolitan center in northwest Italy in the last 11 years.

Material and methods

Between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2011, 2,110 patients with maxillofacial fractures were admitted. Only dentulous patients with complete clinical records who presented with associated dental injuries were included in this study. Data on the age, gender, mechanism of injury, damaged tooth, type of dental injury, site of facial fractures, and concomitant injuries were recorded.

Results

On the whole, 267 patients (13.1 %), mainly males aged 20–29 years, presented with 759 dental injuries associated with maxillofacial fractures, especially following motor vehicle accidents. The maxillary teeth, most often the anterior elements with decreasing involvement from the incisors to the molars, were the teeth most frequently damaged overall. The main types of dental trauma in patients with maxillofacial fractures were luxations and dental fractures.

Discussion

Our findings show that patients with mandibular fractures were statistically and significantly associated with dental injury, and the teeth in the upper jaw were the most frequently injured teeth, exhibiting mainly luxations and crown fractures. Confirmation of the predominant impact site in patients with dental injuries associated with maxillofacial fractures comes from the 177 lacerations noted in the chin and lip regions in 267 patients.     

Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures treated at a university hospital,Xinjiang, China: A 5-year retrospective study

PurposeTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures treated at a university hospital, Xinjiang, China over a 5-year period.Patients and methodsBetween 2006 and 2010, a total of 1350 patients with maxillofacial fractures were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected included demographics, aetiology, site of fracture, time regarding injuries, presence of associated injuries, treatment modalities, and complications.ResultsA total of 1860 maxillofacial fractures were seen in 1350 patients with a male to female ratio of 4.9:1. The most common aetiology of the fractures was motor vehicle accident, followed by interpersonal violence. The age group 21–30 years accounted for the largest subgroup in both sexes. The mandible was the most common site of fracture followed by the zygoma. Associated injuries were found in 48.3% of patients, with a prevalence of intracranial injuries (37.0%). Majority of fractures were treated with open reduction (62.4%), and 7.2% of patients presented post-operative complications.ConclusionRoad traffic accident is the most common cause of maxillofacial fractures in China, which is characterized by an increasing prevalence and resulting in more associated injuries. Thus, more attention should be paid on the prevention and treatment of these injuries caused by road traffic accidents in our country.     

A retrospective study on epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures

There are many different studies about the epidemiology and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures. In the authors' clinic a study was done regarding the characteristics of patients with maxillofacial fractures. 553 patients were investigated retrospectively. The causes, localizations, fracture types, treatments modalities, and complications were evaluated. The most common cause of maxillofacial fractures was traffic accidents (90.15%) followed by interpersonal violence (2.71%). The most common fracture site was the parasymphisis (30.9%) in mandibular fractures and the orbital rim in midface fractures. Young (26-41 years of age) male (82.64%) patients were more prone to maxillofacial injury. The most common treatment modality is rigid fixation with miniplates. This study concerns the fracture types, localizations, and ideal treatment methods according to these characteristics and complications. From such data, the ideal treatment method depends not only on the fracture type and localization but also the surgeon's experience and preference.