神经生长因子滴眼液对角膜碱烧伤愈合的影响

目的：研究神经生长因子滴眼液,对角膜碱烧伤愈合的影响,为临床治疗提供新思路。方法：制作兔眼碱烧伤模型。采用自身对照法,左眼均为实验组,烧伤后给予配制的神经生长因子滴眼液点眼,右眼为对照组给予平衡盐溶液（BSS）点眼。烧伤后每日观察眼前段情况。于3、10、14d行组织学检查。结果：烧伤后两组角膜上皮缺损面积差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组角膜水肿、混浊度差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。组织学检查显示实验组在14d时,角膜上皮愈合完整,基质水肿较对照组轻,胶原纤维排列趋于正常。结论：神经生长因子滴眼液促进角膜碱烧伤后角膜上皮的生长,对角膜的完整性,透明性及功能的恢复具有重要意义。     

LASEK术中角膜上皮瓣活性与雾状角膜混浊发生的相关性研究

为探讨LASEK术后角膜上皮瓣活性雾状角膜混浊(haze)发生的影响,前瞻性选取50例(100眼)行准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(LASEK)。患者术前等效球镜值(spherical equivalent,SE)为-1.37D～-6.00D,平均-4.09±2.12D;术眼按度数分为A、B两个组,轻度近视(<-3.00D)40眼为A组,中度近视60眼(-3.00D～-6.00D)为B组。按照乙醇作用时间不同,将A组再分为A_1(15s)、A_2(25s)组各20眼;将B组再分为B_1(15s)、B_2(25s)组各30眼。随访12个月,观察并分别比较不同乙醇作用时间组术后裸眼视力(uncorrectedvisual acuity,UCVA)、角膜荧光素染色情况及haze程度。术后1周、1个月、6个月、12个月时UCVA,A_1组明显高于A_2组,B_1组明显高于B_2组,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后角膜荧光素染色比较,A_2组评分高于A_1组,B_2组评分高于B_1组,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后角膜上皮愈合时间比较,A_1组比A_2组恢复快,B_1组比B_2组恢复快,差异有显著统...     

结膜瓣移植治疗角巩膜穿通伤术后继发假性胬肉和角膜表层新生血管

目的探讨自体带角膜缘干细胞的结膜瓣移植对角巩膜穿通伤清创缝合术后继发假性胬肉和角膜表层新生血管的治疗效果。方法对20例(20眼)角巩膜穿通伤清创缝合术后继发假性胬肉和角膜表层新生血管的患者,取健眼的带角膜缘干细胞行结膜瓣移植手术治疗。术后随访3⁹个月,观察移植区植片的成活情况,胬肉复发情况,手术前后角膜表层新生血管面积变化情况以及角膜新生血管区角膜混浊程度的变化情况。结果所有20例术后结膜瓣植片均成活,未见胬肉复发,角膜新生血管面积较术前明显变小(P<0.01),角膜混浊程度较术前减轻(P<0.05)。结论应用自体带角膜缘干细胞行结膜瓣移植治疗角巩膜穿通伤清创缝合术后继发假性胬肉和角膜表层新生血管,能够防止胬肉复发,促进角膜表层新生血管回退,减轻新生血管区角膜混浊的程度。     

羊膜移植治疗对眼表烧伤患者视力及角膜恢复的影响

目的 探讨羊膜移植治疗对眼表烧伤患者视力及角膜恢复的影响.方法 选择眼表烧伤患者30例(38眼),采取羊膜移植术治疗,术后随访3个月,记录患者的视力及角膜恢复情况.结果 术后随访3个月,所有患者的视力均得到不同程度的提高.38眼中,术后最佳视力达到1.0,视力＞0.3者17眼(50.00％).患者角膜恢复透明13眼(34.21％),出现角膜云翳14眼,出现角膜斑翳7眼,出现角膜白斑4眼.术后2～3周,陆续有5眼出现角膜新生血管,且向瞳孔区蔓延.术后＜21 d,有30眼(78.95％)的角膜上皮得到全部愈合;术后21d～28 d,有6眼的角膜上皮得到全部愈合;术后32 d,严重碱烧伤2眼角膜上皮得以愈合.结论 羊膜移植术治疗眼表烧伤的疗效显著,术后患者的视力及角膜恢复良好,临床应值得推广实施.     

小牛血红细胞提取物眼用凝胶治疗兔角膜损伤的实验研究

目的研究小牛血红细胞提取物眼用凝胶对兔角膜损伤后创伤修复以及对角膜新生血管生成的影响。方法制作角膜板层切除模型,在兔右眼角膜中央,用直径8.5 mm环钻制作成直径8.5 mm、深度100μm的无菌性角膜损伤。新西兰大白兔40只随机分为4组(每组10只)。分别于角膜板层切除术后第1天起,各组分别用0.9%生理盐水(模型组)、重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子眼用凝胶(阳性对照Ⅰ组)、50%小牛血去蛋白提取物眼用凝胶(阳性对照Ⅱ组)及20%小牛血红细胞提取物眼用凝胶(试验组)点眼每日4次。分别于治疗后7,14,21和28天,进行角膜荧光素钠染色,并观察各组角膜上皮修复情况和角膜新生血管生长情况。结果在角膜板层切除后,观察期末,20%小牛血红细胞提取物眼用凝胶组,对角膜上皮修复速度,与其他阳性对照组比较无明显差异(P>0.05);角膜新生血管生长,较其他阳性对照组明显减少(P<0.05)。结论小牛血红细胞提取物眼用凝胶明显能促进兔角膜损伤的组织修复,减少角膜新生血管形成。     

羊膜移植联合角膜缘干细胞移植治疗重度眼烧伤

目的 评价适时进行羊膜移植或联合角膜缘干细胞移植治疗重度跟烧的疗效.方法 选择 2003年1月～2005年12月在我科住院的眼烧伤病人18例,22眼,其中酸碱烧伤12例,热烧伤6例.Ⅲ度烧伤12眼,Ⅳ度烧伤10眼.在Ⅳ度烧伤中.角膜缘缺血达四个象限者3眼,角膜缘缺血＜4个象限者7跟,结膜严重坏死累及巩膜者6眼.对于Ⅲ度眼烧伤者,仅行单纯羊膜移植治疗,对于Ⅳ度眼烧伤者,行羊膜移植联合自体或异体角膜缘干细胞移植治疗.对术后每1d、3d、1周、2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月及24个月患者的视力、角膜溃疡及上皮愈合时间、角膜水肿及透明度、羊膜愈合或脱落情况、角膜新生血管、假性胬肉形成及睑球粘连等眼表情况,角膜缘干细胞的成活或排斥等进行裂隙灯显微镜检查.结果 4例失访.在随访到的14例17眼中,角膜上皮愈合时间为9～16(28.8±16d),所有患眼均有新生血管长人,假性胬肉形成者8眼,睑球粘连者5眼.视力大于0.3者2眼,0.1～0.3者3眼,0.02～0.1者6眼,0.02以下者6眼.角膜缘四个象限均缺血者.行羊膜移植联合角膜缘干细胞移植无效.结论 重度眼烧伤通过羊膜移植或联合角膜缘干细胞移植,可以有效缩短角膜上皮愈合时间,减少角膜新生血管、假性胬肉及睑球枯连的形成,并能不同程度的保存部分视力.     

保存羊膜覆盖治疗角膜化学烧伤临床研究

目的 对角膜化学烧伤后行羊膜覆盖治疗的临床病例分析.方法 通过对19例患者23眼不同情况不同程度的烧伤做保存的羊膜覆盖术,碱烧伤14眼,酸烧伤9眼.结果 随访时间平均15个月.保存羊膜移植后14眼成活;3眼出现溶解与部分羊膜脱落,行2次羊膜覆盖成活;2眼失败,行角膜板层移植术;2眼出现明显的角膜上皮血管化,视力为30cm指数;随访1年,其中2眼形成角膜白斑.结论 低温保存羊膜覆盖可使绝大多数眼表获得稳定重建,恢复部分视功能,降低并发症.     

丝裂霉素C对PRK术后角膜上皮下雾状混浊的影响

目的探讨丝裂霉素(MMC)对角膜准分子激光切削术(PRK)后角膜上皮下雾状混浊(Haze)的影响。方法对100例(100眼,均选左眼)患者进行PRK手术,等效球镜约在-1.00 D~-6.00 D。其中MMC组50例50眼行PRK,术后将浸有0.02%丝裂霉素C棉片,浸润角膜中央切削区,持续时间约10~15s,后用10~20ml复方氯化钠液冲洗;对照组,50例50眼行PRK,术后仅用复方氯化钠液水冲洗。两组患者术后均戴同一型号强生牌隐形眼镜,用同一组PRK术后常规眼药滴眼,并于术后1周、1个月、3个月、半年由同一医生在裂隙灯下观察角膜情况及Haze评分。结果不同时间MMC+PRK组和PRK组角膜上皮愈合时间相比差异无统计学意义;术后观察3~6个月,MMCA组Haze明显轻于对照组(P<0.05),且无明显不良反应及其他并发症发生。结论 0.02%丝裂霉素C溶液使PRK术后切削区增生的角膜基质细胞减少,减轻PRK术后角膜上皮下混浊,有效的抑制Haze的形成,维持和促进PRK术后角膜的光学透明性,增强手术效果。     

贝伐单抗抑制角膜新生血管形成的实验研究

目的观察贝伐单抗在抑制角膜新生血管形成中的作用,并探讨其机制。方法将64只新西兰大白兔分为实验组(32只)及对照组(32只),采用碱烧伤法进行角膜新生血管形成(CNV)造模,实验组给予角膜下注射贝伐单抗,对照组给予生理盐水角膜下注射,观察角膜水肿程度、CNV面积及长度,Western印迹法检测VEGF、IL-8及PIGF在角膜中的表达水平。结果角膜水肿程度:在造模24 h后,实验组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);造模21 d后,实验组轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。造模3、7、14及21 d时,实验组CNV面积、平均长度均明显小于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Western blot显示,VEGF在角膜中蛋白水平表达,对照组高于实验组(t=11.516,P<0.01);对照组与实验组PIGF比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.29,P>0.05);IL-8在对照组中表达高于实验组(t=4.49,P<0.05)。结论贝伐单抗可通过降低角膜中VEGF及IL-8表达有效抑制角膜水肿及新生血管形成。     

两种不同超声乳化术对兔角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:探讨冷超声乳化术和热超声乳化术后角膜内皮形态结构的变化。方法:将12只纯种日本大耳白兔随机分为3组,对照组为正常的兔角膜内皮细胞,实验组分为冷超声乳化组和热超声乳化组。每组4只兔,每只兔左眼均行冷超声乳化术,右眼行热超声乳化术。于术前和术后6小时采用接触性角膜内皮显微镜进行角膜内皮细胞形态学定量测定,并在透射电镜下观察角膜内皮细胞超微结构的变化。结果:热超声乳化组细胞密度和六边形细胞百分率明显降低(P<0.01),细胞面积和变异系数明显增加(P<0.01)。角膜中央1mm区域取材的透射电镜切片示冷超声乳化组的内皮损害小于热超声乳化组。结论:在相同的手术条件下,冷超声乳化术后角膜内皮的损伤小于热超声乳化术。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.