胞浆内精子注射的精子来源对原核形态的影响

原核期合子细胞形态与着床和妊娠率有关。原核期合子形态评分是胚胎转运中对胚胎的选择依据。研究比较使用射精精子和睾丸精子的胞浆内精子注射(ICSI)胚胎是否存在原核期形态的差别。 52例使用精液精子的ICSI周期中,获144个胚胎,受精率51％。21例使用睾丸精子的ICSI周期,获50个胚胎,受精率53％。两者之间无统计学的差异。 在精子注入后18小时,由同一技术人员在不了解合子细胞来源的情况下,观察ICSI胚胎的形态,并给出Scott和     

胞浆内单精子注射后3个原核和1个极体的人类合子的细胞遗传学分析

对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)和胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)后原核形成情况进行常规检查可以判定和分离异常受精的合子,德国Rosenbusch等对ICSI后显示3个原核和1个极体的人类合子进行了细胞遗传学分析,试图阐明妊娠最早期染色体异常的频率与起源。     

原核期合子发育潜能与原核方位的关系

体外受精(IVF)中移植胚胎选择根据D2、D3卵裂球外观、碎片和其他可见特征进行胚胎形态学分级,但只有不到30%的移植胚胎能达到完全发育潜能,因此需要选择更好的标准,特别是可获得3个以上I级胚胎时。已有报道原核期合子形态评分与植入率强相关,可预测植入和妊娠,受到更多关注。研究评价4种不同原核排列方向合子的发育潜能。方法:150例常规IVF和190例胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)患者,平均年龄无差异,长方案控制性超排卵。hCG注射后36h取卵,注射后40h常规授精,每4个卵一组,注射后42h行ICSI,注射精子为射出精子或附睾、睾丸精子。再18～20h后…     

体外受精/胞浆内单精子注射中异常受精的影响因素分析

目的：探讨体外受精（IVF）和胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）后单原核和多原核受精卵生成的影响因素,为降低异常受精率探寻可行的方法。方法：选取2013年9月—2014年2月本中心2 229个周期[1 425个IVF周期和804个ICSI周期],共计25 160个卵细胞的临床资料,探讨其IVF和ICSI后异常受精的影响因素。结果：①IVF中单原核受精卵生成率与不孕类型、促性腺激素（Gn）剂量及使用时间无关,但IVF周期中女方年龄＞38岁组单原核受精卵生成率显著高于31～38岁组;②常规IVF周期中多原核受精卵生成率显著高于ICSI组;IVF周期中,当获卵数＞15个、取卵日血清雌二醇（E2）水平＞2 000 pg/mL及人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日E2水平与取卵日E2差值＞4 000 pg/mL者≥3个原核（3PN）形成率显著升高;ICSI周期中,随着女方年龄的增高,特别是女性大于31岁后多原核受精卵生成率显著增高;③采用多重线性回归分析,ICSI受精组中异常原核受精卵数与女方基础（月经周期第2～3天）的E2及黄体生成激素（LH）值、获卵总数呈线性相关,IVF组中异常原核受精卵数与基础（月经周期第2～3天）FSH及获卵总数呈线性关系,IVF组和ICSI组异常原核受精卵数与hCG注射日孕酮（P）/E2×1 000呈反向线性关系。结论：IVF/ICSI中异常受精生成的机制和影响因素不尽相同,临床工作中要针对不同不孕人群选择合适的受精方式,并在促排卵过程根据患者内分泌及卵泡数的变化情况及时更改用药剂量,有助于降低异常受精率。     

胞浆内单精子注射受精失败的相关因素

胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)广泛用于治疗男性不育,受精失败是影响ICSI成功的因素之一.卵母细胞激活失败、卵子异常、精子缺陷、患者年龄、显微操作技术及实验室环境等因素与ICSI受精失败密切相关.了解ICSI受精失败的原因及如何进一步提高其成功率必将改善辅助生殖技术水平.     

严重男性不育中原核形态学评分和胚胎染色体情况

用分级系统来探测胚胎染色体异常是一个新观点。在合子和卵裂期许多形态异常与染色体异常相关。为评估严重男性不孕夫妇行胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)中原核形态学评分(PNMS)与胚胎染色体间的关系,对2000年2月～2001年3月间因严重男方因素引起不孕行ICSI的452个周期进行回顾性研究     

精子DNA完整性检测的临床应用

男性生育力受到许多因素的影响,其中精子DNA损伤一直是生殖医学领域研究的热点之一。精子线粒体、核DNA损伤会导致受精失败或影响受精后原核的形成、胚胎着床及子代的健康。目前,定量检测精子中异常DNA数量的方法有多种,虽然尚不理想,但各有其临床应用价值。精子DNA损伤分析比传统精液常规分析参数更稳定、更敏感。胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)前先对精子DNA进行评估十分必要。精子DNA损伤程度是新的评价精液质量和预测生育能力的指标。     

胞浆内单精子注射受精失败的相关因素

胞浆内单精子注射()广泛用于治疗男性不育,受精失败是影响ICSI成功的因素之一。卵母细胞激ICSI活失败、卵子异常、精子缺陷、患者年龄、显微操作技术及实验室环境等因素与ICSI受精失败密切相关。了解ICSI受精失败的原因及如何进一步提高其成功率必将改善辅助生殖技术水平。     

胞浆内单精子注射受精失败的相关因素

胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)广泛用于治疗男性不育，受精失败是影响ICSI成功的因素之一。卵母细胞激活失败、卵子异常、精子缺陷、患者年龄、显微操作技术及实验室环境等因素与ICSI受精失败密切相关。了解ICSI受精失败的原因及如何进一步提高其成功率必将改善辅助生殖技术水平。     

移植胚胎发育阶段(期)对显微受精治疗效果的影响

胞浆内精子注射(ICSI)显著改善了由于男性不育造成的不育症的治疗,为了确定胚胎发育阶段对ICSI妊娠成功率的影响。作者对1994年1月～1995年10月455例ICSI治疗周期及304例传统的体外受精(IVF)治疗周期进行了回顾性分析。妇女年龄在≤40岁,行ICSI妇女至少有一次IVF失败或其配偶极度少精、弱精和/或畸形精子。 用于ICSI的精液为射出的精液或经皮附睾穿刺吸出的精子(PESA),用洗涤后上游法或Percoll梯度离心法分离精子。接受手术的妇女通过控制的超排卵刺激多卵泡发育,适时注射绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)后,经阴道取卵,将获取的卵子置于培养液中,在     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.