胎儿心脏超声Yagel法扫描在产前诊断双胎妊娠胎儿先天性心脏病中的价值

目的探讨胎儿心脏超声Yagel法扫描对双胎妊娠胎儿先天性心脏病的产前诊断价值。方法1103例双胎妊娠孕妇中,有胎儿先天性心脏病的高危病史孕妇127例（高危双胎组）,正常双胎妊娠孕妇976例（低危双胎组）。应用超声Yagel法对两组双胎妊娠胎儿进行心脏5个心脏横切面（胎儿腹部胃泡平面、四腔心平面、五腔心平面、三血管气管平面和动脉弓平面）快速扫描,并对诊断为先天性心脏病而引产的胎儿进行尸体解剖,以核对产前超声Yagel法诊断的正确性,同时进行胎儿染色体分析;对未引产或产前诊断未发现明显异常的胎儿进行临床随访,胎儿出生后进行新生儿或婴儿的心脏超声检查,判定产前超声Yagel法诊断的正确性。结果（1）1103例双胎妊娠中,有12例产前发现有先天性心脏病,检出率为1．09％,其中4例（33．3％,4／12）来自高危双胎组,8例（66．7％,8／12）来自低危双胎组。（2）2例双胎为两个胎儿同时患同一种先天性心脏病,其中1例双胎胎儿均为法洛四联症（TOF）,另1例双胎两个胎儿均为心脏横纹肌瘤;1例双胎为两个胎儿患不同类型异常,一胎儿为TOF,另一胎儿心脏正常,但十二指肠闭锁。上述3例患者均选择终止妊娠放弃胎儿,尸体解剖结果与产前超声诊断相同。9例双胎仅一胎儿受累为先天性心脏病,另一胎儿正常,均足月分娩或自然早产,其中7例在行新生儿心脏检查时得出的诊断与产前相同。（3）12例中,2例有先天性心脏病的双胎被发现染色体异常。（4）1091例双胎妊娠孕妇产前超声检查未发现胎儿心脏异常,但其中1例双胎中的1个胎儿出生后被诊断为室间隔缺损（VSD）,染色体异常（为21三体）。另1个胎儿正常。另1例双胎中的1个胎儿出生后被诊断为动脉导管未闭,另1个胎儿正常。（5）应用超声Yagel法产前诊断双胎先天性心脏病的敏感度为82．4％,特异度为100％。结论心脏超声Yagel法是筛查和诊断双胎妊娠中胎儿先天性心脏病的简单、有效和可靠方法,值得在临床产前诊断中推广应用。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图检测胎儿先天性心脏病

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图检测胎儿先天性心脏病 (先心病 )的可行性。　方法　 2 96例胎儿分为两组 :14 2例有高危因素的胎儿 ,15 4例正常妊娠胎儿。应用多普勒测定胎儿心脏各切面 ,并在生后作超声心动随访。　结果　在 14 2例有高危因素的胎儿中 ,发现胎儿先心病 5例 ,其中右心发育不良综合征 1例、法洛四联症 2例、单纯性室间隔缺损 (室缺 ) 2例。漏诊 2例 ,为单纯性室缺1例及房间隔缺损 1例。 15 4例正常妊娠胎儿中未发现先心病。生后超声心动随访或引产尸检结果与产前诊断相符。　结论　彩色多普勒超声心动图在诊断胎儿先心病方面是比较准确和安全的 ,对高危孕妇需加强胎儿先心病的检测     

三个心脏超声切面在常见先天性心脏病产前诊断中的作用

目的 探讨三个胎儿超声心动图标准切面：四腔心切面、五腔心切面、三血管平面在发现和诊断胎儿常见先天性心脏病中的作用及对于先天性心脏病产前筛查的意义。方法 回顾2003年5月至2004年7月胎儿心脏畸形各病例的心脏超声图像，记录每一病例三个超声切面（四腔心切面、五腔心切面、三血管平面）的彩色多普勒超声图像表现，分析并总结各切面异常表现的特点。结果 （1）研究共包括胎儿心脏畸形病例26例，疾病类型包括房室间隔缺损、单纯性室间隔缺损、单心室、单心房、左心发育不良综合征、法洛四联症、右心室双出口、纠正性／完全性大动脉转位、动脉单干、主动脉瓣狭窄、肥厚性心肌病（梗阻型）、心脏肿瘤。（2）各心脏畸形病例在这三个心脏超声切面的扫查中至少有1个切面显示异常。每一类心脏畸形在这三个切面图像上均有特征性表现。（3）所有病例中二维四腔心切面（常规产科筛查切面）显示异常的比例为73％，四腔心切面未显示异常的病例包括：完全性大血管转位3例、法洛四联症1例、右心室双出口1例、动脉单干1例、主动脉骑跨伴室间隔缺损1例。（4）各标准切面获得率分别为：96．2％、88．5％、84．6％。结论 （1）四腔心切面、五腔心切面、三血管平面这三个胎儿彩色多普勒心脏超声切面探查在各类胎儿常见的先天性心脏病超声产前检查与诊断中起重要的作用。（2）与运用单个二维四腔心切面探查比较，三个切面的探查方法可提高常见先天性心脏病，尤其是胎儿心脏锥干畸形的检出率。（3）三个切面探查操作较为简便，有望成为一项胎儿先天性心脏病的筛查方法。     

产前超声诊断多胎妊娠无头无心反向动脉灌注三例

目的 探讨双胎无心反向动脉灌注（twin reversed arterial perfusion TRAP）的产前超声声像图特征。方法 回顾性分析3例产前超声诊断为TRAP的超声图像与随访结果，总结声像图特点。结果 2例产后病检证实为TRAP，1例失访。TRAP的特点是，双胎或三胎中均有一个胎儿无头无心畸形，胸腹腔内没有正常内脏结构，无正常上肢结构，可见下肢及下肢运动。皮肤及皮下组织明显增厚，均为单脐动脉；彩色多普勒显示无心胎儿体内出现没有心脏的血液循环通路；频谱多普勒记录到进人胎儿体内脐血管为动脉频谱，出胎儿腹壁的脐血管为静脉频谱，形成了与正常胎儿灌注方向完全相反的灌注特点。结论 多胎妊娠中（包括双胎和三胎）若有单卵双胎，且其中之一伴有严重畸形、无心脏结构与搏动，彩色多普勒记录到进入无心胎儿体内的脐血管为动脉频谱，出胎儿的血管为静脉频谱，为TRAP的重要声像图特征。     

妊娠11～13~(+6)周超声结构筛查在胎儿中枢神经系统畸形诊断中的应用

目的:探讨规范化早孕期超声结构筛查在胎儿中枢神经系统畸形诊断中的临床价值。方法:对6902例(8336胎)孕11~13~(+6)周胎儿(单胎妊娠5468例,双胎妊娠1434例)行规范化早孕期超声结构筛查,并追踪妊娠过程和临床结局。结果:6902例(8336胎)11~13~(+6)孕周胎儿中产前超声检出中枢神经系统畸形13例(单胎妊娠10例,双胎妊娠3例),其中露脑畸形5例,无脑儿4例,前脑无裂2例,脑膜膨出1例,开放性脊柱裂1例。合并其他结构异常4例,染色体核型异常3例。13例胎儿随访结果:除3例双胎畸形胎儿经选择性减胎术后正常胎儿继续妊娠,余胎儿引产前超声与引产后尸检结果相符合。结论:规范化早孕期超声结构筛查可及早发现胎儿中枢神经系统畸形,对降低畸形胎儿的出生率及指导产科处理均有重要临床价值。     

胎儿皮肤血管瘤的超声影像特点及胎儿结局

目的 探讨胎儿皮肤血管瘤的超声影像特点及胎儿结局.方法 应用灰阶和彩色多普勒超声对5例皮肤血管瘤胎儿进行观察分析,并与出生后血液学检查及皮肤血管瘤病理检查结果比较.结果 超声诊断的5例皮肤血管瘤胎儿中,3例伴有动静脉瘘,其中2例发生心功能衰竭,1例出现心功能异常和血小板减少.此3例胎儿中1例引产,1例胎死宫内,1例新生儿存活;另外2例血管瘤较小,无其他并发症发生,新生儿预后好.结论 胎儿较大的皮肤血管瘤,易发生致命性的并发症,如心功能衰竭、血小板减少症,围产儿预后差.     

七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中的应用价值

目的 探讨七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中的可行性和临床价值.方法 2006年9月至2007年2月,在南京医科大学鼓楼临床学院母胎医学中心对妊娠18周以上的2000例单胎孕妇进行胎儿系统结构筛查的同时进行胎儿心脏七切面联合扫查,对先天性心脏病胎儿终止妊娠者进行胎儿尸体心脏解剖;继续妊娠者,于婴儿出生后6个月内进行超声心动图随访.结果 2000例单胎妊娠胎儿中,最终四腔心切面获取率为99.0%,其中左心室流出道、右心室流出道、三血管、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓和上下腔静脉切面的获取率分别为92.5%、90.9%、98.5%、86.8%、84.6%和91.6%.心脏筛查中,脊后位时心脏七切面的获取率均在80%以上.2000例单胎妊娠胎儿中,发现先天性心脏病19例,发生率为0.95%.产前诊断13例(其中误诊1例),漏诊7例,误诊1例,诊断敏感性63.2%、特异性99.9%.结论 七切面联合筛查法在孕中晚期胎儿先天性心脏病检查中切实可行,能在产前诊断出大部分心脏畸形,尤其是心脏复杂畸形.     

胎儿心脏超声对室间隔缺损的诊断价值

目的 探讨产前胎儿心脏超声检查对室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)的诊断价值及局限性. 方法 2009年1月1日至2010月10月31日,在复旦大学附属妇产科医院进行系统产前检查的孕妇于妊娠20～24周进行胎儿心脏超声检查,产后48 h新生儿接受心脏超声检查;引产终止妊娠者行胎儿尸体解剖以明确心脏畸形的诊断,共纳入孕妇4392例(1例双胎妊娠,胎儿4393例).计算产前超声对于VSD的检出率及漏诊率. 结果 (1)复杂性VSD检出情况:产前胎儿心脏超声检查共检出23例复杂性VSD,其中1例合并部分性心内膜垫缺损,但产后新生儿心脏超声未见异常,另22例均引产终止妊娠,引产胎儿尸体解剖证实产前诊断.(2)单纯性VSD检出情况:产前胎儿心脏超声检出16例单纯性VSD,其中15例产后新生儿心脏超声未见异常,另1例产后新生儿心脏超声证实为单纯性VSD.(3)检出率:产前胎儿心脏超声检查中未检出VSD的4354例胎儿中,产后新生儿心脏超声检出54例VSD,均为单纯性.产前检出产后证实的及产后诊断的VSD共77例,发生率为1.8％ (77/4393),单纯性VSD发生率为1.3％(55/4393),复杂性VSD发生率为0.5％(22/4393).产前胎儿心脏超声检查对于复杂性VSD的检出率为100.0％(22/22),漏诊率为0.0％(0/22),误诊率为0.2‰(1/4371).产前单纯性VSD的检出率为1.8％(1/55),漏诊率较高(98.2％,54/55),误诊率为3.5‰(15/4338). 结论 产前胎儿心脏超声检查对于合并有其他心脏结构异常的复杂性VSD的检出率及准确率高;而对于单纯性VSD,有较高的漏诊率及误诊率.     

心脏矫正术对先天性心脏病妇女妊娠结局影响的Meta分析

目的：探讨孕前行心脏矫正术对先天性心脏病（先心病）孕产妇妊娠结局的影响。方法：检索2018年9月以前在中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库（WangFang data）、维普数据库（VIP）、PubMed、Cochrane Library等数据库关于孕前心脏矫正术对先心病孕产妇妊娠结局影响的文献。对纳入文献进行质量评价及数据提取,使用RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入17个队列研究共1 181例患者,其中手术组457例,未手术组724例。对于先心病妇女,孕前的心脏矫正术可以改善孕妇的心功能情况,心力衰竭发生率、剖宫产率、早产率、胎儿生长受限发生率、小于胎龄儿发生率、新生儿窒息发生率及围生儿死亡率与未手术组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。然而,关于孕妇的死亡率及新生儿心脏病发生率,2组间比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论：相比于孕前未行心脏矫正术的先心病患者,手术患者能取得较为理想的妊娠结局。     

妊娠合并先天性心脏病伴肺动脉高压患者的围产结局分析

目的 探讨妊娠合并先天性心脏病（先心病）伴肺动脉高压患者的围产结局。方法 收集1995年4月至2007年5月温州医学院附属第一医院产科收治的45例妊娠合并先心病伴肺动脉高压患者的临床资料,根据肺动脉压力情况分为轻度组29例[30～49mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）],中度组8例（50～79mmHg）,重度组8例（≥80mmHg）,分析各组先心病的种类、心功能级别、终止妊娠孕周和方式、先心病术后妊娠的安全性以及围产结局。结果 （1）先心病种类中以房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损为主,发生率为58％（26／45）。孕前行心脏矫正手术13例（29％,13／45）,以轻度肺动脉高压、心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级为主。（2）轻度组心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者28例,中度组心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者6例,重度组心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者7例。（3）轻度组足月分娩27例、难免流产1例、早产1例,新生儿平均出生体重为（3153±399）g;中度组足月分娩5例,早产3例;重度组足月分娩5例,医源性终止妊娠1例,早产2例;中、重度组新生儿平均出生体重明显低于轻度组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,同时中、重度组胎儿结局不良。（4）妊娠合并先心病伴肺动脉高压患者的分娩方式以剖宫产分娩为主,占78％（35／45）,其中轻度组剖宫产分娩22例（22／29）,中度组6例（6／8）,重度组7例（7／8）。（5）45例患者中有11例于孕前或产后出现心功能衰竭早期表现或心功能衰竭,均分布在中、重度组,且心功能均为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。其中2例死亡。结论 妊娠合并先心病伴肺动脉高压患者的肺动脉压力越高,围产结局越差;孕前行心脏矫正手术后的先心病患者以轻度肺动脉高压为主,且围产结局良好;以剖宫产术终止妊娠是比较安全的分娩方式。     

孕中晚期双胎之一胎死宫内存活儿预后分析

目的:分析双胎之一胎死宫内(sIUFD)后存活儿的预后。方法:回顾分析2017年1月至2019年11月在郑州大学第三附属医院分娩的sIUFD病例58例,包括sIUFD发生孕周、胎死原因、不同孕周及不同绒毛膜性存活儿的新生儿结局及脑损伤情况,并随访其神经发育情况。结果:58例孕中晚期发生sIUFD的病例中单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎(MCDA)27例,双绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎(DCDA)31例。死亡原因中脐带、胎盘异常占25.9%(15/58),胎儿发育异常占5.2%(3/58);存活儿的早产率为70.7%(41/58),其中最小孕周28+1周。与DCDA双胎组比较,MCDA双胎组分娩胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分均较低。与孕中期比较,孕晚期发生sIUFD的早产率、MCDA双胎数及急诊剖宫产率更高,新生儿出生体重、Apgar评分更低。新生儿出生后头颅超声脑异常9例,其中新生儿脑损伤3例(5.2%,3/58),分别为2例脑软化,1例脑室内出血Ⅲ级。存活儿目前的存活率为91.4%(53/58),随访时间平均28个月,3例婴幼儿智能发育量表(CDCC)监测可疑。结论:绒毛膜性、死胎发生孕周、终止妊娠的孕周是影响妊娠结局的主要因素,需加强产前、产后神经影像学检查及远期标准化随访。     

Pregnancy outcomes with increased nuchal translucency after routine Down syndrome screening.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of pregnancies with nuchal translucency greater or equal to 3 mm for routine first trimester screening in unselected populations. METHODS: A total of 2980 pregnant women for first trimester ultrasonography were routinely offered crown-rump length (CRL) and nuchal translucency (NT) for screening for Down syndrome between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. A complete follow-up was obtained in all cases by a review of medical records. RESULTS: Using a cut-off value of 3 mm, the prevalence of increased fetal NT was 0.7% (n=22). Among the 22 cases, there were five (22.7%) chromosomal abnormalities. Of the 17 chromosomally normal pregnancies, four resulted in fetal demise (spontaneous abortion, intrauterine death or termination of pregnancy due to fetal abnormalities). The remaining 13 pregnancies resulted in live births, including one gestational hypertension and one preterm delivery, respectively. The total incidence of an adverse outcome in the group of increased fetal NT was 45.5%. CONCLUSIONS: In a routine population with first-trimester ultrasonography, fetal NT measuring greater than or equal to 3 mm was associated with a poor pregnancy outcome with not only chromosomal abnormalities and congenital cardiac diseases, but also poor maternal and fetal health or adverse pregnancy outcomes. In addition, this study also demonstrated the necessity for fetal assessment and follow-up in cases where the fetal NT is increased in the first trimester.     

A cardiovascular profile score in the surveillance of fetal hydrops.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of a cardiovascular profile score in the surveillance of fetal hydrops. METHODS: In a retrospective study, 102 hydropic fetuses were examined between 15 and 37 completed weeks of gestation with ultrasonographic assessment of hydrops, heart size, and cardiac function, and arterial umbilical and venous Doppler sonography of the ductus venosus (DV) and the umbilical vein (UV). A cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) was constructed by attributing 2 points for normal and taking away 1 or 2 points for abnormal findings in each category. The score of the final examination prior to treatment, delivery, or fetal demise was compared to the fetal outcome in these 102 fetuses after exclusion of terminated pregnancies. The scores of the first and last examinations were compared in 40 fetuses and the relationship between these scores and the evolution of fetal hydrops and fetal outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-one pregnancies were terminated (21%). Fifty-four of the remaining 81 hydropic fetuses survived (67%) and perinatal death (PNM) occurred in 27 fetuses (33%). The median CVPS was 6.0 (IQR 4.75-8.00) for all fetuses, with a median of 6.0 (IQR 5.00-6.00) in fetuses who died in the perinatal period compared to a median of 7.0 (IQR 4.00-8.00) in those who survived (p < 0.035). All fetuses in this study had a 'severe' form of hydrops with skin edema. The best predictor for adverse outcome was the venous Doppler sonography of UV and DV, in particular umbilical venous pulsations. Among fetuses included in the longitudinal arm of the study, the survival rate was 40% and the PNM was 60%, after exclusion of terminated pregnancies. CVPS increased by a median of 1 (IQR 0.00-2.00) point in the last exam for those fetuses that lived, whereas among those fetuses that died, the CVPS decreased by a median 1.5 (IQR 0.25-2.75) points (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The fetal cardiovascular profile score can be used in the surveillance of hydropic fetuses for prediction of the presence of congestive heart failure and as an aid for predicting fetal outcome.     

"胎儿心脏筛查指南"在产前超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的应用价值

目的 探讨2006年国际妇产科超声协会公布的"胎儿心脏筛查指南"在产前超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的应用价值.方法 2006年9月-2007年7月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院母胎医学中心接受胎儿超声筛查的单胎孕妇5000例.平均年龄28岁(18～48岁),平均孕周27周(妊娠18～40周).以"胎儿心脏筛查指南"为标准对胎儿四腔心和左、右心事流出道及三血管切面进行扫查,对疑有心脏异常者进一步行胎儿超声心动图枪查,对确诊先天性心脏病胎儿建议羊水或脐血穿刺行染色体核型分析,终止妊娠者行胎儿尸体心脏解剖;继续妊娠者,于胎儿出生后2～6个月行超声心动图随访.结果 (1)超声筛查各切面获取率:5000例单胎孕妇中,四腔心切面获取率为97.64%(4882/5000),其中左、右心室流出道及三血管切面的获取率分别为87.69%(4281/4882)、82.51%(4028/4882)和96.29%(4701/4882).5000例孕妇中,孕中期筛查2750例,孕晚期筛查2250例,孕晚期各标准切面的获取率明显低于孕中期(P<0.05).(2)胎儿先天性心脏病发病率:4882例胎儿中最终诊断先大性心脏病73例,发病率为1.50%(73/4882),其中产前超声确诊50例(孕中期24例、孕晚期26例).超声漏诊23例,误诊1例,合并其他器官畸形18例.(3)随访结局:产前诊断为先天性心脏病的胎儿中接受尸体心脏解剖19例,均与产前超声诊断结果一致;继续妊娠者胎儿出生后接受超声心动图检查12例,其中与产前诊断符合11例,另1例产前诊断三尖瓣关闭不全,产后超声检查正常.接受染色体检查23例,染色体核型异常7例.(4)产前超声筛查的敏感性与特异性:四腔心切面确诊先天性心脏病胎儿28例,同时加入左、右心室流出道及三血管切面共诊断先天性心脏病50例,诊断的敏感性为69%(50/73)、特异性为99.98%(4808/4809),假阴性率为0.48%(23/4831),假阳性率为2%(1/51).结论 国际妇产科超声协会2006年公布的"胎儿心脏筛查指南"临床实用、易于遵循、便于操作.就最佳超声切面获得来说,孕中期(18～27周)是最佳筛查时间.胎儿四腔心和左、右心窒流出道及三血管切面同时筛查,可产前诊断69%的先天性心脏病胎儿.     

多学科会诊387例胎儿先天性心脏病的临床结局分析

目的:探讨多学科会诊管理模式下胎儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)的临床处理及经验.方法:选取2017年1月—2020年1月在河南省人民医院行胎儿超声心动图提示胎儿CHD后进行多学科会诊及遗传学检查的单胎妊娠孕妇共387例,对胎儿CHD的分类及处理进行回顾性分析.结果:常见的CH...     

Prediction of fetal outcome without intrauterine intervention using a cardiovascular profile score: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: With the help of fetal echocardiography, cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) can be evaluated. However, no general agreement has been recognized on the prediction value of CVPS on fetal adverse outcome.

Methods: Literature review has identified up to Nov 2012 in the databases. Meta-analysis was performed in a fixed/random-effect model using Revman 5.1.1 and Meta-disc 1.4. The differences among different cut-offs were measured by STATA 11.0.

Results: Result from seven studies reported an outcome in favor of significant lower CVPS in fetus of adverse outcome with std. mean difference of ?1.17 (95% CI?=??1.78, ?0.55). The overall performance of CVPS ≤6 prediction adverse outcome evaluated as area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was 0.8777. The AUC of CVPS ≤7 was 0.8728 and the AUC of CVPS ≤8 was 0.7207. However, the result indicated the performance of CVPS ≤6 prediction adverse outcome had a statistical significance comparing to other two cut-offs.

Conclusion: Analysis has proven the CVPS is a credible index for predicting fetal adverse outcome. And once CVPS decreased at eight, the patient should be observed carefully. With the CVPS dropped at seven, treatment is demanded immediately while some cases suffer irreversible cardiac dysfunction.     

Perinatal factors and neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy.

There were 177 pairs of twins reviewed. The incidence of twin pregnancy was 1:112.2 deliveries in a population consisting of 76.8 per cent Mexican-Americans. The incidence of breech, cesarean section, and assisted deliveries was higher in twins than singleton deliveries, and the incidence was higher in twin 2 than twin 1. Mortality rates, fetal and neonatal, were lower than those previously reported. Neonatal findings and complications include low Apgar scores, small-for-dates infants, hyaline membrane disease, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and congenital malformation. The increased incidence of deaths and morbidity in twin pregnancy, as compared to singleton pregnancy, was attributed to prematurity, and to complications and diseases pertaining to prematurity, rather than to twinning per se.     

妊娠中晚期双绒毛膜双胎一胎胎死宫内妊娠结局分析

目的：比较双绒毛膜双胎之一选择性减胎与自发一胎胎死宫内（single intrauterine fetal death,SIUFD）的围生期结局,并比较不同减胎孕周对围生期结局的影响,探讨选择性减胎的临床应用。方法：纳入2011年1月—2019年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院产科终止妊娠的55例双胎之一胎死宫内或行选择性减胎术将双胎减至单胎的临床资料,根据减胎或死胎原因将其分为选择性减胎组（39例）和自发SIUFD组（16例）,回顾性分析比较其围生期结局。结果：55例患者总妊娠丢失率为9.1%（5例流产）,活产率为90.9%。选择性减胎组的减胎/死胎孕周明显低于自发SIUFD组,总体终止孕周、活产率明显高于自发SIUFD组,而剖宫产率、流产率则低于自发SIUFD组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组的早产率、足月产率、存活儿出生体质量、出生体质量百分位数、新生儿健康出院率、新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）入住率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。根据选择性减胎的孕周将选择性减胎组再分为减胎孕周≤20周组（24例）和减胎孕周>20周组（15例）,2组新生儿出生体质量百分位数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但与减胎孕周>20周组比较,减胎孕周≤20周组的早产率低、足月产率高,存活儿出生体质量更高,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：双胎妊娠发生SIUFD后会对存活儿围生期结局产生不良影响,对于有减胎指征者,选择性减胎有利于提高存活儿围生期的活产率及改善新生儿结局,对多胎妊娠的围生期结局有益。     

Prominent coronary artery flow with normal coronary artery anatomy is a rare but ominous harbinger of poor outcome in the fetus

Objectives: “Heart sparing” refers to prominent antegrade fetal coronary artery (CA) blood flow readily visualized by color Doppler and is a harbinger of poor outcome in growth restricted fetus, but little is known of the features and presentation of heart sparing in normally grown fetuses. Our objective was to describe heart sparing effects in normally grown fetuses, and compare the presentation and outcome of heart sparing between fetuses with growth restriction and those who were normally grown.

Methods: In a series of fetuses with prominent antegrade CA flow, we assessed Doppler flow profiles in the aortic isthmus, ductus venosus (DV), umbilical vein (UV), umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). We calculated MCA and UA systolic/diastolic ratios and the cerebral placental ratio, and measured fetal biometry. We evaluated cardiac function using the myocardial performance index (MPI) and the cardiovascular profile score (CVPS).

Results: Ten fetuses with heart sparing had normal DV flow at 24–36.6 (mean 30.9) weeks of gestation. Five had growth restriction (Group 1); 4/5 had normal MPI and CVPS, and one died. Five were normally grown (Group 2); 5/5 had elevated MPI and decreased CVPS, of these 2 died in utero and one died immediately after birth despite urgent delivery. Coronary arteries were normal after birth or autopsy.

Conclusions: Heart sparing confers a poor prognosis in fetal growth restriction and in normally grown fetuses with cardiac dysfunction. We suggest CA flow be assessed in all high-risk fetuses.