中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点分析

目的 分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点.方法 收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构-非结构蛋白VP3-VP1-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点.结果 42株HAV病毒株在VP1-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.1%～100%和97.3%～100%;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87.6%～100%和98.8%～100%.VP1-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸同源性为98.4%～100%,0～2个氨基酸位点不同.本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异.结论 42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型.本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异.VP1-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守.     

陕西省2010-2012年柯萨奇病毒A组16型VP1基因特征分析

目的 对陕西省2010-2012年来源于手足口病（hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD）病例的科萨奇病毒A组16型（Coxsackievirus A16,CVA16）毒株的VP1基因特征进行分析,以阐明其分子流行病学特征.方法 利用特异性引物对分离鉴定为CVA16的21株病毒进行VP1编码区扩增.对阳性产物进行序列测定,并用MEGA软件进行序列的生物信息学分析.结果 根据亲缘性分析,本研究的CVA16分别属于B1a和B1b基因亚型,其中仅2011年分离自宝鸡市的10株属于B1a基因亚型,分离自其他4个地市的11株则属于B1b基因亚型.B1a和B1b基因亚型内核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.9％ ～100％和92.93％ ～ 100％.不同基因亚型毒株间核苷酸序列差异为8.43％～9.45％.结论 2010-2012年,属于B1a和B1b基因亚型的CVA16在陕西省共同循环,其中B1b基因亚型流行范围较广,可能为陕西省的优势亚型.     

中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点分析

目的 分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VP1区基因特点.方法 收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构-非结构蛋白VP3-VP1-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点.结果 42株HAV病毒株在VP1-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89.1%～100%和97.3%～100%;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87.6%～100%和98.8%～100%.VP1-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸同源性为98.4%～100%,0～2个氨基酸位点不同.本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异.结论 42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型.本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3-VP1区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异.VP1-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VP1区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守.     

柯萨奇病毒A6 型VP1 蛋白的生物信息学分析

目的:预测柯萨奇病毒A组6型(Coxsackievirus A6,CVA6)的衣壳蛋白VP1的基本理化性质、结构功能及线性B细胞表位。方法:应用Bioedit软件、Sub Loc、Target P和生物信息学资源门户Ex PASy中的多种在线工具对CVA6 VP1的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果:CVA6 VP1为一亲水性蛋白,其相对分子量为33.6 k D,等电点为7.92,含有24个可能的磷酸化位点,没有信号肽、跨膜区和可能的脂酰化位点;其二级结构中以无规则卷曲居多,有48.52%的氨基酸残基暴露于溶液界面;该分子内存在多个潜在的线性B细胞表位,其中的155~165位氨基酸残基区域的抗原指数最高。结论:成功预测到CVA6 VP1的基本理化性质、结构功能特征及可能的线性B细胞表位,为该蛋白的进一步研究及疫苗和免疫诊断试剂的研制打下基础。     

中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点分析

目的分析中国部分甲肝病毒流行株结构蛋白VP3-VPl区基因特点。方法收集42份甲肝患者急性期血清标本,经核酸提取、逆转录及巢氏PCR,测得结构一非结构蛋白VP3-VPl-2A区序列,进行序列同源性比较并分析其基因特点。结果42株HAV病毒株在VPl-2A连接处核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为89．1％～100％和97．3％～100％;在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为87．6％～100％和98．8％～100％。VPl-2A连接处序列相同的病毒株在全长结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸同源性为98．4％～100％,0～2个氨基酸位点不同。本实验所得序列在中和抗原位点处氨基酸序列均未变异。结论42株病毒株均属于I型,40株是IA亚型,2株IB亚型。本实验所用HAV流行株在结构蛋白VP3．VPl区的核苷酸存在差异但是氨基酸序列高度保守且没有中和抗原位点处的变异。VPl-2A结合处核苷酸序列相同的分离株在全长结构蛋白VP3-VPl区核苷酸序列相同或相近,氨基酸序列保守。     

人偏肺病毒黏附蛋白的二级结构及B细胞表位初步预测

目的预测人偏肺病毒G蛋白的二级结构及B细胞表位。方法分别采用SOPMA方法及HMMTOP程序预测G蛋白的二级结构和跨膜区域；综合分析蛋白的柔性结构、亲水性、表面可及性与抗原性指数，预测G蛋白的抗原表位。结果G蛋白的二级结构主要为柔性区域，占62．1％；廿螺旋占22．37％；β-折叠占15．53％；N端第32～51位氨基酸残基为跨膜区。B细胞表位位于G蛋白N端55—77、80-104、111～126、130～167、178—210区段。结论应用多参数预测G蛋白的二级结构与B细胞表位，为进一步研究蛋白特征、单克隆抗体制备及表位疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

2009年深圳地区肠道病毒71型毒株VP4基因进化分析

目的 对深圳地区手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)肠道病毒71型分离株(enterovirus 71,EV71)的VP4基因遗传进化进行分析.方法 2009年采集深圳市儿童医院就诊的HFMD患者的粪便标本491份,选取其中8份经细胞培养鉴定为阳性的EV71毒株用RT-PCR扩增VP4基因,利用MEGA4.0软件进行遗传进化分析.结果 2009年深圳地区8株EV71 VP4基因全长207 bp,编码69个氨基酸;8株EV71 VP4基因核苷酸同源性为94.2％ ～98.1％,与深圳2001至2004年分离的17株EV71毒株核苷酸同源性在89.9％ ～98.1％,与GenBank中其他EV71病毒株VP4的核苷酸同源性为79.2％～100％;其中与亚洲流行株阜阳株(EU703812)核苷酸的同源性最高(100％),其次是C4代表株及2004年深圳株(AY895144)为94.2％ ～97.1％.除了印度株和其中1株EV71的VP4编码的氨基酸在第54位(ACA)不同之外,其余7株EV71 VP4编码的氨基酸序列之间以及与GenBank报道的其他序列同源性达100％.8株EV71 VP4基因核苷酸与C4代表株相比有17处不同,除1处以外其余全在简并密码位点上;轻重症病例毒株之间VP4基因序列未见明显改变.进化树显示8株EV71均属于C4基因亚型.结论 2009年深圳市流行的EV71属于C4基因亚型,流行的EV71 VP4基因非常保守,不属于变异区段,绝大部分核苷酸的变异属无义突变,VP4基因编码的氨基酸变异几乎为0.     

2008至2009年北京地区分离的肠道病毒71型全基因组序列分析

目的了解2008至2009年从北京地区手足口病（HFMD）患儿分离到的肠道病毒71型（EV71）全基因组序列特点（未包括多聚腺苷尾）,以探讨基因序列的改变是否与病毒的致病性有关。方法选取首都儿科研究所病毒研究室2008年分离到的5株EV71毒株和2009年分离到的4株EV71毒株,其中4株来源于重症HFMD患儿（伴高热、持续抽搐及意识丧失等中枢神经系统症状）,5株来源于轻症HFMD患儿。设计覆盖病毒全基因组的10对特异性引物,对9株EV71毒株进行RT-PCR扩增、全基因组序列测定和分析。结果 9株EV71毒株的全基因组长度为7406bp或7405bp,部分毒株在5′UTR存在1处1个碱基的缺失。9株EV71毒株的全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为96.3%～99.4%和98.2%～99.6%,在VP1区核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为96.9%～99.9%和98.3%～100.0%。重症HFMD来源的4株毒株中有3株在VP2蛋白第144位及3D聚合酶（3Dpol）第140和263位同时出现相同的氨基酸变异（T144S、R140K和I263V）,并且在5′UTR区第208和254位同时出现相同的碱基变异（G208A和A254G）。9株EV71毒株的全基因组与C4亚型毒株具有最高的核苷酸同源性,在VP1区为94.3%～95.5%;在3D及3′UTR区与CV-A16/G10的同源性（84.3%～85.0%和89.0%～91.5%）高于与EV71-B型、A型及C型（C1～3、C5）的同源性。VP1和3D基因的遗传进化分析显示,9株EV71毒株与C4亚型毒株属同一分支。结论 VP2蛋白第144位氨基酸突变（T→S）、3Dpol第140和263位氨基酸突变（R→K和I→V）及5′UTR区第254位碱基突变（A→G）可能与EV71感染后引起的不同临床症状有关。根据VP1核苷酸序列,2008至2009年北京地区流行的EV71属于C4亚型;非结构蛋白基因在EV71进化中可能有一定的作用。     

结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染相关蛋白Rv2004c的抗原表位预测

本文应用生物信息学技术预测结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染相关蛋白Rv2004c的抗原表位,为结核病的诊断和疫苗研发筛选合适的抗原靶位。通过Blast分析发现Rv2004c蛋白与人类蛋白的同源性较低;采用DNAStar软件包中的Protean软件分析其二级结构、亲水性、抗原性、柔韧性及表面可能性,预测该蛋白有10个候选B细胞抗原表位;应用RANKPEP及SYFPEITHI法预测该蛋白有37个候选Th细胞抗原表位,主要位于第200位氨基酸之后,其中HLA-DRB1*0401及HLA-DRB1*0701表型相对的表位数目较多且某些候选表位的主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)限制类型存在交叉重叠;应用SYFPEITHI法、BIMAS法及NetCTL法预测该蛋白有10个候选细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)表位,其中以HLA-A2限制性表位数目较多、分值较高。由此得出结论:Rv2004c蛋白含有较多潜在的T细胞和B细胞抗原表位,可作为新的结核病诊断试剂和疫苗研发的候选靶蛋白。     

基于EV71交叉保护抗原P1的前体蛋白B细胞抗原位点的预测

目的获得EV71P1保守氨基酸序列COBRA EV71 P1和基于此序列的B细胞抗原表位预测信息。方法从NCBI（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）上下载获取1970-2010年间世界各地暴发流行的包含P1或VP1基因片段的EV71源序列和对应的氨基酸序列,根据VP1基因片段信息构建系统进化树,对源序列进行基因分组;对多基因型的EV71 P1氨基酸源序列采用多序列比对,以优势氨基酸位点代替差异氨基酸位点的方法,获得EV71 P1保守序列（COBRA EV71 P1）,并运用IEDB Analysis Resource （http：//tools.immuneepitope.org/main/）在线预测工具和DNASTAR软件里的Protean模块,运用单参数和二级结构预测综合考虑的方法,对COBRA EV71 P1前体蛋白的B细胞抗原表位进行预测。结果成功比对出COBRA EV71 P1氨基酸序列,预测结果发现在COBRA EV71 P1前体蛋白的第10-24,41-60,68-82,208-225,328-345,498-514,592-609,664-678,772-786和841-855位点均具有较好的亲水性、表面可及性、柔韧性和抗原指数,并且在二级结构上含有易形成抗原表位的无规则卷曲和β-转角,有可能是COBRA EV71 P1前体蛋白的优势表位。结论经生物信息学分析,推测COBRA EV71 P1可能具有三个基因型EV7 1P1前体蛋白的候选B细胞线性抗原表位,为EV71重组多表位疫苗设计和多基因型病毒样颗粒疫苗实验提供了理论基础。     

2011-2013年安徽省手足口病病原构成和HEV71基因特征分析

目的 了解安徽地区2011-2013年引起手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)发病的病原构成情况和人肠道病毒71型(human enterovirus 71,HEV71)分离株的基因特征.方法 利用“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”,对2011-2013年报告的安徽省HFMD病例病原学特征进行统计分析.对从HFMD病例咽拭子标本中分离的26株HEV71进行VP1基因全长扩增和序列测定,使用生物软件DNASTAR 7.1比对分析同源性和应用Mega 4.1构建系统发生树.结果 安徽省2011-2013年HFMD病原构成主要为HEV71,柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackie virus A16,CVA16)和其他肠道病毒,阳性检出率分别为28.74％、10.77％和15.18％.HEV71 VP1区基因序列同源性比对分析和系统发生树构建表明,26株HEV71属于C4a基因亚型,与2008年安徽阜阳流行株(EU703812)相比亲缘关系较近,VP1区核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为92.9％～98.8％和90.3％～99.7％.结论 安徽省2011-2013年HFMD的主要病原体为HEV71,其次为其他肠道病毒和CVA16.26株HEV71的基因型属C4a亚型,与中国大陆同期主要流行毒株基因型相一致.     

Mapping of two dominant sites of VP35 of Marburg virus

Five types of anti-VP35 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), four immune sera against Marburg virus (MBGV), and 11 overlapping recombinant VP35 fragments were used to map the epitopes for VP35 of MBGV. The purified full-size recombinant VP35 was highly immunogenic and retained the B-cell epitopes that were identical to those of the viral VP35. Two major sites on VP35 and a set of truncated VP35 fragments were found by use of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot. Site I was located in a region between amino acids 1 and 174 of the VP35 sequence, and only polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) against MBGV recognized epitopes at this site. Site II was mapped by use of anti-VP35 MAbs to the region between amino acid residues 167 and 278 of VP35. Amino acids 252-278 of VP35 might be involved in the formation of the epitopes for MAbs. B-cell epitopes were not found on the C-terminus of VP35 by use of PAbs or MAbs.     

柯萨奇病毒A组天津分离株的分型鉴定及分子特征分析

目的 鉴定天津市手足口病病原体柯萨奇病毒A组2、4、5、6和10型,并分析其VP1区基因及分子流行病学特征.方法 提取45株非EV71非CV-A16肠道病毒分离株核酸,利用RT-PCR法扩增其VP1基因并测序,然后根据VP1区基因核酸序列,进行肠道病毒型别鉴定和同源性分析,构建种系发生树.结果 45株非EV71非CV-A16肠道病毒天津分离株分别为6株柯萨奇病毒A组2型(Coxsackie virus A2,CV-A2),14株CV-A4,3株CV-A5,8株CV-A6和14株CV-A10.柯萨奇病毒各型的株间核酸序列同源性均在80％以上,各型分离株与原型株的同源性均在71.2％ ～ 85.8％之间.天津各型分离株在种系发生树上均聚集于各自相对独立的分支,与国内流行株处在同一分支内,而与国外原型株处于不同的进化分支.结论柯萨奇病毒A组2、4、5、6和10型成为天津市手足口病的流行病原体,各型天津分离株株间核酸序列同源性较高,呈现一定的区域聚集性.     

曼氏血吸虫己糖激酶（SmHK）蛋白质结构与功能的生物信息学预测

目的应用生物信息学技术预测曼氏血吸虫己糖激酶（SmHK）的结构和功能,为进一步功能研究提供信息。方法从GenBank获取SmHK及其他物种HK全长eDNA序列及氨基酸序列,应用NCBI、Expasy等在线生物信息学网站及VectorNTI软件包,对所获氨基酸序列的保守功能域及基序、蛋白质理化参数、亚细胞定位、亲水性、B细胞线性表位、二级结构及拓扑结构、三级结构建模分析及预测。结果SmHK编码451氨基酸残基,理论分子量为50446．01Da,具有完整HK-1及HK-2保守功能域,与结构和功能有关的位点高度保守,与宿主（人、鼠）的同源性为30％,与人等脊椎动物有较近的进化关系;有多个潜在的抗原表位、多个磷酸化位点及1个跨膜结构。三级结构分子建模显示该蛋白两基团间有一裂隙,葡萄糖、ATP结合位点及ATP催化区位于该裂隙中或周围,跨膜区与其两端的碱性氨基酸形成一阴离子通道。结论SmHK与结构和功能相关的位点高度保守。与宿主有较近的进化关系,推测该蛋白可能通过跨膜区锚定在线粒体外膜上,主要功能位点位于蛋白裂隙中或周围,多个磷酸化位点说明其参与多种细胞功能的调节,在调节能量代谢中起重要作用,是潜在的疫苗候选分子和药物作用靶标。     

Chimeric bacteriophage fr virus-like particles harboring the immunodominant C-terminal region of hamster polyomavirus VP1 induce a strong VP1-specific antibody response in rabbits and mice

The late region of the hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV, former HaPV) genome encodes three structural proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, where VP1 represents the major capsid protein of 384 amino acids. Screening of sera from HaPyV-infected papilloma-bearing and papilloma-free hamsters demonstrated the immunodominant features of all three capsid proteins. For both groups of hamsters in the C-terminal region of VP1 immunodominant B-cell epitopes were identified in the regions between amino acids 305 and 351 and amino acids 351 and 384. The high flexibility of the C-terminal region of VP1 was confirmed by the formation of chimeric virus-like particles based on the coat protein of the RNA bacteriophage fr which was previously found to tolerate only very short-sized foreign insertions. Phage fr coat protein-derived virus-like particles tolerated the N-terminal fusion of amino acids 333-384, 351-384, 351-374, and 364-384, respectively, of VP1. The induction of VP1-specific antibodies in rabbits and mice by immunization with chimeric virus-like particles harboring amino acids 333-384, 351-384, and 364-384, respectively, of VP1 suggested the immunodominant nature of the C-terminal region of VP1.     

Identification of crucial residues of conformational epitopes on VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus by phage display

A new method for identifying epitopes in viral proteins expressed by filamentous phage has been developed. Filamentous phage fUSE 1 containing the variable region of the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strain 002-73 was constructed. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 17-82 and 33-10 raised against VP2 protein were used to bind phage containing the original variable region of VP2. The phage bound to monoclonal antibodies, were removed by protein G Sepharose and the unbound phage (escape mutants) were isolated for sequencing to locate the mutations. The crucial amino acid residues for conformational neutralizing epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies were located in the first main hydrophilic region (amino acids from 210 to 225) and the central region of the variable region of VP2. The amino acid residues on both ends of the variable region of VP2 affected considerably the binding of monoclonal antibodies. This technique might be useful for selecting escape mutants of phage displaying the original antigenic regions of other viruses to define the crucial amino acid residues of their conformational epitopes, especially viruses that cannot be grown in cell cultures.     

Comparative sequence analysis of the M gene among rabies virus strains and its expression by recombinant vaccinia virus

Nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the gene encoding the matrix (M) protein of the Nishigahara and the CVS strains of rabies virus have been determined. The M gene is 609 nucleotides long and is capable of coding for a peptide composed of 202 amino acids. Sequence comparison of these M genes with those of other stains [Pasteur (PV), ERA, Avol] revealed that there is 89.7–91.5% homology at the nucleotide level, and 90.1–92.1% homology at amino acid level, between almost all combinations of these strains. However, in the combinations of the PV and ERA strains, and the virulent CVS and the avirulent CVS-derived Avol strains, much higher homology was observed both at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The predicted secondary structure and hydropathy profiles also exhibited similar features. Recombinant vaccinia virus containing the M gene was constructed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO₄)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the precipitates obtained by immune reaction of the recombinant virus-infected cell lysate with a monoclonal antibody against the M protein revealed that electrophoretic mobility of the expressed protein is indistinguishable from that of the authentic M protein from rabies virions.The nucleotide sequence data of the M genes of the CVS and Nishigahara (RCEH) strains reported in this paper will appear in the DDBJ, EMBL, and GenBank Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession numbers D90450 and D90451.     

Mapping of conformational epitopes on capsid protein VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus by fd-tet phage display

Conformational epitopes on VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were mapped using fd-tet phage display. A gene-targeted phage display library was made using DNA fragments ranging approximately from 80 to 400 bp of the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene of IBDV strain 002-73, as neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the VP2 protein recognize VP2 conformation-dependent epitopes within the hypervariable region. The phages were selected using immobilized monoclonal antibodies. Epitopes on five phages selected with monoclonal antibody 17-82 were located between amino acids 211 and 344. A constructed phage containing amino acids from 204 to 344 strongly reacted with monoclonal antibodies. Compared to that of the constructed phage, the binding of monoclonal antibodies to the five selected phages was dramatically reduced when several amino acids at either terminus or both termini were absent. The binding of a phage, with conversion of the first hydrophilic region into a hydrophobic region as a result of a chance frameshift mutation from amino acids 214 to 225, dropped sharply. It indicates that conformational epitopes may be up to 423 bp long and the commonly suggested fragments of 50-300 bp for making gene-targeted phage display libraries are not long enough to cover the conformational epitopes. This technique can be used to identify the minimum length of the conformational epitopes for developing recombinant vaccines and specific diagnostic tests.     

A single amino acid is critical for the expression of B-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus NS3 protein

Truncated NS3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved B-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) protein. A goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-NS3 monoclonal antibodies, including the BVDV-1 specific antibody P1D8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. Interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain of NS3. Expression of the B-cell epitopes was dependent on, but not within, a 57 amino acid sequence at the carboxy-terminal end of this protein, supporting observations that these conserved epitopes are conformational in nature. A comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the helicase domain from BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BDV and CSFV isolates highlighted a single amino acid that appeared to be unique to P1D8-reactive BVDV-1 isolates. Site-directed mutagenesis studies confirmed that this amino acid is critical for the expression of the BVDV-1 specific NS3 epitope recognised by the P1D8 monoclonal antibody. Surprisingly, the amino acid was also important for an epitope recognised by two group-specific monoclonal antibodies, P1H11 and P4A11. Protein modelling studies, based on the structure of the hepatitis C NS3 helicase domain, indicated that this amino acid occupies a prominent position on the surface of the protein.