胞质分裂阻滞微核法对辐射事故受照射人员的生物剂量估算

目的 探讨胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)分析在估算辐射事故受照射者的生物剂量中的应用价值.方法 2008年山西太原辐射事故发生后16 h收集5名受照射者(1、2、3、4和5号)的外周血及I号的骨髓,进行CBMN分析,以微核(MN)频率估算生物剂量.对较严重的受照射者(1号)结合体外"co 1射线大剂量照射实验获得的核分裂...     

Dose estimation by chromosome aberration analysis and micronucleus assays in victims accidentally exposed to 60Co radiation

The objective of this study was to assess the radiation exposure levels in victims of a ⁶⁰Co radiation accident using chromosome aberration analysis and the micronucleus assay. Peripheral blood samples were collected from three victims exposed to ⁶⁰Co 10 days after the accident and were used for the chromosome aberration and micronucleus assays. After in vitro culture of the lymphocytes, the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes and rings (dic+r) and the numbers of cytokinesis blocking micronuclei (CBMN) in the first mitotic division were determined and used to estimate radiation dosimetry. The Poisson distribution of the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes was used to assess the uniformity of the exposure to ⁶⁰Co radiation. Based on the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes, estimates of radiation exposure of the three victims were 5.61 Gy (A), 2.48 Gy (B) and 2.68 Gy (C). The values were estimated based on the frequencies of CBMN, which were 5.45 Gy (A), 2.78 Gy (B) and 2.84 Gy (C). The estimated radiation dosimetry demonstrated a critical role in estimating the radiation dose and facilitating an accurate clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the frequencies of dir+r in victims A and B deviated significantly from a normal Poisson distribution. Chromosome aberration analysis offers a reliable means for estimating biological exposure to radiation. In the present study, the micronucleus assay demonstrated a high correlation with the chromosome aberration analysis in determining the radiation dosimetry 10 days after radiation exposure.As early as the mid-1960s, ionising radiation was known to be capable of inducing chromosome aberrations in the metaphase of human peripheral lymphocytes [1, 2]. Since then, the chromosome aberration assay has been widely used as a sensitive biomarker for dose reconstruction following radiation exposure [3–6]. In particular, the analysis of dicentric chromosomes and rings (dic+r), two aberrations exemplifying inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges, respectively, has been generally considered to be the standard means for estimating biodosimetry based on its well-established dose–response relationship with radiation exposure and its low baseline levels in the general population [7, 8]. However, the utility of the chromosome aberration assay relies heavily on the expertise and experience of individual investigators. As an alternative method for determining radiation biodosimetry, the cytokinesis blocking micronucleus (CBMN) assay is easy to perform and less time-consuming, but its drawbacks include large individual variations in baseline values in the general population [7] and a markedly lower sensitivity when used for estimating low dose exposure compared with the chromosome aberration assay. Therefore, the micronucleus assay is widely used as a supplement to the chromosome aberration analysis [9]. In the present study, we made a comparative estimate of the radiation exposure in three victims of a ⁶⁰Co radiation accident that occurred in 1999 using dose–response curves of γ-ray-induced chromosome aberration and micronuclei, which were previously established in our laboratory. The results provide evidence of the utility of both methods in estimating biological doses of radiation exposure in humans.     

骨髓细胞染色体畸变在山东济宁事故受照人员剂量估算中的应用

目的对山东济宁“10．21”辐射事故受照者进行染色体畸变（CA）分析，并估算受照剂量。方法对2例患者（A和B）的外周血和骨髓样本进行常规CA分析，根据双着丝粒（dic）和环（r）畸变频率估算受照剂量。结果2例患者的外周血未见中期分裂细胞。骨髓获得了可供分析的细胞。2例患者的dic＋r畸变频率超过了剂量效应方程所能估计的上限剂量相对应的数值。用直接比较法估算2例患者受到比较均匀的大剂量照射，与用物理方法、微核法和ESR法所估剂量接近，与临床表现基本一致。结论用骨髓CA估算辐射事故患者的受照剂量在国内尚属首次。对肠型放射病患者A的剂量估算是迄今采用骨髓进行常规CA分析估计事故病人受照剂量的最高记录。     

一例亚急性放射病患者的生物剂量估算及 细胞遗传学随访观察

目的对一起^192Ir源辐射事故致亚急性放射病患者进行细胞遗传学动态观察，并估算受照剂量。方法对患者照后2d、1．5年和2．5年的外周血样本进行常规染色体畸变（CA）分析和微核（MN）检测，根据双＋环（d＋r）畸变频率，用G函数方法估算累积受照剂量。结果剂量估算结果与用物理方法估算的剂量接近，与临床表现基本相符；照后1．5年和2．5年，双着丝粒体（dic）明显减少，无着丝粒断片（ace）和MN减少不明显。结论用G函数方法估算迁延性受照者的累积受照剂量基本可反映实际辐射损伤程度；亚急性放射病患者CA和MN的衰减速度可能较急性放射病缓慢。     

Biological dose estimation for two severely exposed patients in a radiation accident in Shandong Jining,China, in 2004

Purpose:?To estimate the biological doses for two severely exposed subjects (A and B) in a radiation accident in Shandong Jining, China in 2004.

Materials and methods:?Conventional chromosome aberration analysis and cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay were performed in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples on two subjects after the accident. A new dose-effect curve and the nuclear division index (NDI) obtained from in vitro irradiation experiments using high dose of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays were used to estimate the exposed doses.

Results:?No metaphases or binucleated cells were observed in the peripheral blood cultures from either of the subjects. However, metaphases and binucleated cells were obtained from both subjects after bone marrow cultures. Both dicentric/ring and micronuclei yields were very high. The dose estimated for A and B were 20.0 Gy and 8.8 Gy, respectively, by dicentric/ring scoring, similar to the data by combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN?+?NDI) assay. The estimated doses by the two methods were in accordance with the clinical symptoms.

Conclusion:?The new curve, together with the CBMN?+?NDI assay, are reliable for estimating higher doses of irradiation. In future radiation accidents, the accuracy and significance of these methods can be further tested.     

不同剂量60Co γ 射线部分照射人离体血对染色体畸变形成的影响

目的 分析不同剂量60Co γ射线部分照射人离体血对淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响.方法 用0～8 Gy(剂量率为0.35 Gy/min)60Coγ射线在37 ℃条件下照射3份离体健康人外周血标本,以0.5∶1的比例与同一供血者的未受照血混合,120 min后进行培养、制片,显微镜下分析染色体畸变(双着丝粒+着丝粒环)的变化,借此进行剂量估算.结果 各组的双着丝粒体+着丝粒环和总畸变,以及断片和单体断裂均随着剂量的增加而增加.用双着丝粒+着丝粒环进行的剂量估算,0.5～2 Gy组大于照射剂量的1/3,4～8 Gy组均接近照射剂量的1/3.结论 染色体畸变可以作为估算非均匀照射的生物学指标之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of 60Co γ-ray partial radiation on chromosome aberration in human peripheral blood in vitro.Methods The samples of heparinized peripheral whole blood from 3 healthy persons were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at the doses between 0 and 8 Gy with the dose rate of 0.35 Gy/min at the temperature of 37 ℃ ,and then mixed with the unirradiated blood samples of the Microscopy was used to observe the chromosome aberration double ( centromere + centromere) and the biological dose was estimated thereby.ResultsThe amounts of double centromere + centromere were increased along with the dose of irradiation in all groups.The estimated biological dose was higher than the 1/3 of the irradiation dose when the dose was between 0.5 to 2 Gy,and was close to the 1/3 of the irradiation dose when the dose was between 4 to 8 Gy.Conclusion Chromosome aberration can be used as a biomarker in estimation of uneven irradiation.     

Simple biodosimetry method for use in cases of high-dose radiation exposure that scores the chromosome number of Giemsa-stained drug-induced prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC)

There is a need for quick dose estimation by a simple method in radiation accidents. This study develops a simple and rapid dose estimation protocol for victims of such accidents, in particular those involving high radiation doses. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were gamma-irradiated in vitro at several dose points up to 60 Gy, and were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) for 2 days to obtain dividing cells. PBL were then forced to condense prematurely, using 50 nM calyculin A, and the obtained chromosome spreads were Giemsa stained. The G2-PCC (prematurely condensed chromosomes) index and chromosome number for each radiation dose point were scored. G2-PCC were stably induced using calyculin A within 24 h delays in stimulation of PBL with PHA-P. The chromosome number of G2-PCC increased steeply with radiation doses up to 30 Gy at a rate of 0.31 Gy(-1) and then decreased at 0.30 Gy(-1) up to 40 Gy. More than 10% of G2-PCC index remained up to a 15 Gy dose. Even after 40 Gy irradiation, about 2% PCC index was obtained, and this value was enough to score a sufficient number of chromosome spreads for analysis. Therefore, the combined use of chromosome number and G2-PCC index allows biodosimetry to be done easily and rapidly. If PCC are not induced using calyculin A, it is strongly suggested that the radiation dose is over 50 Gy. A rapid and easy dose estimation for large dose exposure whole-body was realized by combined analysis of Giemsa-stained chromosome number of G2-PCC and PCC index using calyculin A. This simple method will be of use for rapid decision making of therapy for radiation accident victims. This method also has potential for use as a biodosimeter for partial-body exposure accidents.     

Chromosomal biodosimetry by unfolding a mixed Poisson distribution: a generalized model

PURPOSE: The current chromosomal biodosimetry system is practically limited to the estimation of equivalent whole-body dose in the low or moderate dose range. To circumvent this problem, a new dosimetry system was developed which was effective over a wide dose range and dose gradient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to establish a quantitative formalism of a comprehensive dose-response kinetics, chromosome aberration frequencies were studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with gamma-rays in a dose range of 0.01-50Gy. Using the dose-yield relationship thus established, a new model of biodosimetry was developed which involved unfolding the chromosome aberration distribution into a mixed Poisson distribution and thence into a dose-distribution profile. The model was then tested with chromosome aberration data in lymphocytes irradiated in vitro, simulated partial body irradiation, accidental radiation exposure, therapeutic local irradiation and protracted exposure by internal deposit of Thorotrast. RESULTS: The dose-yield relations over a wide dose range fit satisfactorily a multiparametric dose-response curve, which included the first approximation kinetics of linear-quadratic dose-response and its distortion by mutual interference among multiple breaks on a chromosome arm. The unfolding strategy using these dose-response kinetics was successfully applied to the various types of radiation exposures; the reconstructed dose profile showing a sharp unimodal peak for moderate or high doses of gamma-rays in vitro irradiation, broadening for high-linear energy transfer radiation, discrimination of doses in the mixed culture of irradiated and unirradiated blood, and reasonable dose distribution for the in vivo exposures. CONCLUSION: A novel biodosimetry system was developed. The system is innovative in that it provides information not only on the macroscopic dose inhomogeneity, but also on the microscopic spectrum of doses stemming from the variability of energy transfer by charged particles as well as the multiple ionization events to which the target cell nucleus is exposed.     

Chromosomal biodosimetry by unfolding a mixed Poisson distribution: a generalized model

Purpose : The current chromosomal biodosimetry system is practically limited to the estimation of equivalent whole-body dose in the low or moderate dose range. To circumvent this problem, a new dosimetry system was developed which was effective over a wide dose range and dose gradient. Materials and methods : In order to establish a quantitative formalism of a comprehensive dose-response kinetics, chromosome aberration frequencies were studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with γ-rays in a dose range of 0.01-50Gy. Using the dose-yield relationship thus established, a new model of biodosimetry was developed which involved unfolding the chromosome aberration distribution into a mixed Poisson distribution and thence into a dose-distribution profile. The model was then tested with chromosome aberration data in lymphocytes irradiated in vitro, simulated partial body irradiation, accidental radiation exposure, therapeutic local irradiation and protracted exposure by internal deposit of Thorotrast. Results : The dose-yield relations over a wide dose range fit satisfactorily a multiparametric dose-response curve, which included the first approximation kinetics of linear-quadratic dose-response and its distortion by mutual interference among multiple breaks on a chromosome arm. The unfolding strategy using these dose-response kinetics was successfully applied to the various types of radiation exposures; the reconstructed dose profile showing a sharp unimodal peak for moderate or high doses of γ-rays in vitro irradiation, broadening for high-linear energy transfer radiation, discrimination of doses in the mixed culture of irradiated and unirradiated blood, and reasonable dose distribution for the in vivo exposures. Conclusion : A novel biodosimetry system was developed. The system is innovative in that it provides information not only on the macroscopic dose inhomogeneity, but also on the microscopic spectrum of doses stemming from the variability of energy transfer by charged particles as well as the multiple ionization events to which the target cell nucleus is exposed.     

河南“4.26”60Co源辐射事故受照者照后20年医学随访

目的 通过对1999年河南省"4.26"⁶⁰Co源辐射事故受照者照后20年医学随访观察，探讨电离辐射远后效应，为放射医学研究提供实证资料。方法 收集5名受照者的临床症状、体征、眼科检查及患病史；实验室检查包括常规检查项目、体液免疫和T淋巴细胞亚群指标、甲状腺功能、生殖激素水平、肿瘤标志物、辐射遗传学指标等；器械检查包括腹部彩超、甲状腺彩超、心脏彩超、颈动脉彩超、生殖系统彩超、心电图、胸部CT等。结果 "梅"照后2~3年出现放射性白内障早期典型的形态特点，照后13年行左眼白内障摘除人工晶状体植入手术治疗，此次随访右眼视力眼前指数/10 cm，后囊下较厚，近似锅巴样浑浊，2019年11月行右眼白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术。"旺"、"天"、"民"、"义"均出现双眼后囊下或赤道部不同程度浑浊；"梅"照后7年至今心电图均提示心肌缺血改变，"天"照后12年确诊"冠心病"，照后20年行"冠状动脉造影心脏支架植入手术"，5名受照者均出现血清总胆固醇和（或）甘油三脂增高，4名受照者出现双侧（或单侧）颈总动脉粥样斑块形成；"梅"受照后11年至今促甲状腺素（TSH）水平持续偏高，"义"甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGA）、甲状腺微粒体抗体（TMA）明显增高，甲状腺实质回声不均，"梅"、"民"照后15年发现甲状腺结节；"天"照后13年确诊为"弥漫性大B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤"，化疗后目前病情缓解；肿瘤标志物检测"天"、"民"、"义"神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）均稍偏高，"天"胸部CT提示右肺中叶小结节；5名受照者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析以易位（t）改变为主（t率≥0.5%），"旺"、"天"可见少量双着丝粒体（dic）或无着丝粒断片（ace）。结论 电离辐射照射可导致受照者眼晶状体、甲状腺、心血管循环系统等不同程度的确定性效应及发生肿瘤等随机性效应，遗传损伤可长期存在于受照者体内。     

60Coγ线超大剂量照射人离体血早熟凝集染色体环的剂量-效应曲线

目的 建立超大剂量γ线离体照射后人血淋巴细胞早熟凝集染色体环(PCC-R)的剂量-效应曲线。方法 外周静脉血样采自3名健康男性,经⁶⁰Coγ线(剂量率2.35Gy/min)照射0、1、3、5、8、10、13、16、20、26和30Gy。于37℃恒温箱培养48h,收获前1h加入冈田酸以诱导产生早熟凝集染色体(PCC),计数PCC细胞中的PCC-R频率,拟合剂量-效应曲线。结果 PCC指数随照射剂量增加而逐渐减少;每细胞PCC-R频率随照射剂量增加而增加直到20Gy,＞20Gy后趋于饱和。对所获数据进行回归分析,所拟合的曲线符合线性模型(上限剂量到20Gy):y=-0.020+0.052D(y为每细胞PCC-R频率,D为剂量,Gy)。结论 本研究用药物诱导PCC-R法所建立的剂量-效应曲线可估计的上限剂量达20Gy,它的可靠性和实用性还有待于在今后的辐射事故中实际应用加以验证。     

10例 60 Co源辐射事故受照者眼晶状体的随访观察

目的 观察 ⁶⁰Co源辐射事故对受照者眼晶状体的远后效应。方法 对河南省1986年至2000年期间发生的4起⁶⁰Co源辐射事故共10例受照者进行眼晶状体远期医学观察。用复方托吡卡胺充分散瞳后在裂隙灯下检查眼晶状体,记录病变特征。结果 开封事故中"亮"、新乡事故中"梅"分别于照后2、3年出现典型放射性白内障;许昌事故中"许",照后6年出现典型放射性白内障;开封事故中"燕"、郑州事故中"杰"、新乡事故中"天"、"勇"、"义"照后随访观察仅出现双眼晶状体后囊下少量点状、颗粒状浑浊等放射性白内障的初期改变,未观察到典型放射性白内障的形态特点;新乡事故中"旺"、"民"则未观察到晶状体后囊下的浑浊。结论 眼晶状体是辐射事故受照者远期随访观察应重点关注的靶器官。电离辐射致眼晶状体浑浊的发展程度与照射剂量密切相关。     

Simple biodosimetry method for use in cases of high-dose radiation exposure that scores the chromosome number of Giemsa-stained drug-induced prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC)

There is a need for quick dose estimation by a simple method in radiation accidents. This study develops a simple and rapid dose estimation protocol for victims of such accidents, in particular those involving high radiation doses. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were γ-irradiated in vitro at several dose points up to 60?Gy, and were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) for 2 days to obtain dividing cells. PBL were then forced to condense prematurely, using 50 nM calyculin A, and the obtained chromosome spreads were Giemsa stained. The G2-PCC (prematurely condensed chromosomes) index and chromosome number for each radiation dose point were scored. G2-PCC were stably induced using calyculin A within 24?h delays in stimulation of PBL with PHA-P. The chromosome number of G2-PCC increased steeply with radiation doses up to 30?Gy at a rate of 0.31?Gy^???1 and then decreased at 0.30?Gy^???1 up to 40?Gy. More than 10% of G2-PCC index remained up to a 15?Gy dose. Even after 40?Gy irradiation, about 2% PCC index was obtained, and this value was enough to score a sufficient number of chromosome spreads for analysis. Therefore, the combined use of chromosome number and G2-PCC index allows biodosimetry to be done easily and rapidly. If PCC are not induced using calyculin A, it is strongly suggested that the radiation dose is over 50?Gy. A rapid and easy dose estimation for large dose exposure whole-body was realized by combined analysis of Giemsa-stained chromosome number of G2-PCC and PCC index using calyculin A. This simple method will be of use for rapid decision making of therapy for radiation accident victims. This method also has potential for use as a biodosimeter for partial-body exposure accidents.     

南京^192Ir放射事故患者照后第4年细胞遗传学随访

目的用5种细胞遗传学方法对南京192Ir源放射事故患者进行照后第4年随访,筛选回顾性剂量估算指标,为探明电离辐射远后效应提供依据。方法采集事故患者外周血,进行非稳定性染色体畸变(双着丝粒+着丝粒环)、微核和核质桥分析,应用荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位,并估算生物剂量。结果荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位估算的剂量分别为1.45和1.21 Gy,与事故后短期内估算的生物剂量相近;非稳定性染色体畸变、微核、核质桥估算的剂量分别为0.56、0.45、0.41 Gy,低于事故后短期内估算的生物剂量,其修正系数与时间的变化规律符合幂函数模型。结论荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位估算方法,适用于回顾性剂量估算,应用非稳定性染色体畸变进行回顾性剂量估算需用修正系数进行校正。     

淋巴细胞微核检测可用作辐射生物剂量计

用外周血淋巴细胞微核检测法对一起６０Ｃｏ源事故及１例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤６０Ｃｏ源全身照射治疗后的生物剂量进行了估算，取得与物理剂量或染色体剂量一致的结果。照后３１天的微核剂量仍能反映实际剂量，认为微核检测可作为生物剂量计用于估算受照者的生物剂量。在事故情况下，为尽早向临床提供剂量数据，可先观察５２小时培养制片标本，计算出初步参考剂量，然后观察７２小时培养制片的标本，给出正式剂量。     

武汉"921113"放射事故四例急性放射病人的临床报告

目的为了总结临床经验，本文作者报告一起６０Ｃｏγ射线事故引起４人受照的剂量估算、临床经过和诊断治疗。方法剂量估算是采用现场模拟试验和手表红宝石热释光测量，外周血染色体畸变率、微核率分析方法。临床诊断根据患者受照剂量，临床表现和实验室结果进行综合分析，治疗上在对症治疗和综合治疗的基础上，应用了美国生产的ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ。结果１例中度（偏重）骨髓型急性放射病，１例中度骨髓型急性放射病，１例轻度骨髓型急性放射病。１例过量照射。４例病人经过６２～６８天住院积极治疗，病情好转，取得了良好的治疗效果。结论从医疗实践中我们着重总结以下几点：①及时、正确地早期诊断；②根据国家标准的治疗原则积极治疗；③ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ使用时注意选择时机和注意使用方法，才能取得良好的疗效     

Simple biodosimetry method for cases of high-dose radiation exposure using the ratio of the longest/shortest length of Giemsa-stained drug-induced prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC)

The aim was to develop a simple biodosimetry method for as rapid as possible estimation of absorbed radiation doses in victims of radiation accidents, in particular after high-dose exposure. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were gamma-irradiated in vitro with several doses up to 40 Gy stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) for 2 days and their chromosomes condensed prematurely using 50 nm calyculin A. Chromosome lengths of Giemsa-stained G2 prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) were measured using image analysing software and the ratio of the longest/shortest chromosome length was calculated. The length ratio (LR) of the longest/shortest Giemsa-stained chromosome s increased with a good correlation to the square root of the radiation dose (D) up to 40 Gy, i.e. LR = (4.90 x D0.5) + 2.14. The LR of the longest/shortest chromosome might be used as an index for estimating the radiation dose. The blood samples should not be cooled until the start of separation/stimulation of the lymphocytes. A rapid and easy estimation of large doses after whole-body exposure was identified by measuring the ratio of the longest/shortest length of Giemsa-stained G2-PCC induced by calyculin A. This simple protocol will be particularly useful for making therapy decisions for victims of ionizing radiation exposure and has potential for use as a biodosimeter for partial-body exposure accidents.     

四例骨髓型急性放射病患者受照后12年医学随访观察

目的 通过对1999年河南省发生的“4.26”60Co源辐射事故所致的4名骨髓型急性放射病患者受照后12年医学随访观察,探讨电离辐射远后效应,为核事故医学应急的救治和随访提供临床资料和积累经验.方法 采用“一对一”和“多对一”的方式采集病史,观察和记录“梅”、“旺”、“天”、“民”4名患者的临床症状和体征.实验室及器械检查包括血细胞分析、肝肾功能、甲状腺功能、体液免疫、性激素水平、肿瘤标志物及眼科检查、甲状腺彩超、腹部B超、心电图及胸部X片检查,评价其全身情况.辐射遗传学分析包括外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析和微核分析.应用实时荧光定量PCR法,检测其外周血GADD45和nm23-H1基因的mRNA表达,与健康对照人群相比较.采用卡特尔16种个性因素测验(16PF)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS),对4名患者实施心理测评.结果 4名患者受照后12年造血免疫功能基本恢复正常.“天”乙肝两对半的检查结果中,表面抗原(HBsAg)及核心抗体(HBcAb)为阳性,乙肝病毒复制转为慢性期,传染性弱.4人眼晶状体均有不同程度的混浊性改变,“梅”受照后3年即发生放射性白内障.“梅”、“天”、“民”性激素水平仍有异常.外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析可见少许断片和双着丝粒,但易位率仍较高.分子生物标志物外周血GADD45和nm23-H1基因mRNA定量分析较正常对照组差异无统计学意义.心理测评发现,“梅”重度抑郁、焦虑,其余3人存在紧张、焦虑、恐慌情绪.结论 对4名骨髓型急性放射病患者进行了较为系统的医学随访观察和心理测评,为类似病例的临床救治和随访提供资料.     

山东济宁辐射事故受照人员生物剂量估算及彗星电泳检测分析

目的探索特大剂量照射后外周血和骨髓染色体培养方法，拟合6Gy以上大剂量照射染色体双着丝点＋环剂量-效应曲线，对山东济宁“10．21”事故受照者进行准确生物剂量估算和DNA损伤检测。方法采集2例受照者外周血和骨髓细胞，制备染色体标本，计数双（多）着丝点＋环数目；用正常离体人血拟合6～22Gy双＋环剂量效应曲线及数学方程；对2例事故受照者进行生物剂量估算。用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳方法检测受照者外周血DNA损伤。结果B的外周血染色体双＋环平均数为4．47个／细胞；A的外周血培养无分裂细胞，骨髓染色体双＋环平均数为9．15个／细胞。用6—22Gy剂量效应方程估算全身平均受照剂量，B为9．4Gy，A为19．5Gy。单细胞凝胶电泳可见2例受照者的多数彗星细胞呈小头大尾形状。结论用新建立的6～22Gy染色体畸变剂量效应曲线估算2例受照者的生物剂量，已分别达到极重度骨髓型放射病和肠型放射病水平。     

放射工作人员染色体畸变研究现状

长期暴露于低剂量电离辐射会对放射工作人员的辐射敏感组织器官造成损伤。目前,常用于评价慢性低剂量电离辐射所致辐射损伤的主要细胞遗传学指标是外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变。本文对国内外放射工作人员暴露于低剂量电离辐射所致细胞遗传学效应的调查和研究进行综述,了解目前放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变检测的现状及存在的问题,为国内开展放射工作人员染色体畸变检测与评价提供参考。