高龄及妊娠期糖尿病对妊娠并发症及结局的影响研究

目的探讨高龄产妇合并妊娠期糖尿病对妊娠结局、并发症发生情况的影响及意义。方法将2013年6月至2018年6月于兰溪市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心产科诊断妊娠并住院分娩的妊娠期糖尿病高龄孕妇136例、妊娠期糖尿病适龄孕妇105例、妊娠期非糖尿病高龄孕妇123例、妊娠期非糖尿病适龄孕妇115例分别设为A、B、C、D四组,比较各组的临床资料,分析各组的妊娠结局、妊娠相关并发症及围产儿情况的差异。结果 A组剖宫产率明显高于B、C、D组(χ^2值分别为5.80、9.73、12.32,均P<0.05),A组分娩孕周小于B、C、D组(t值分别为7.86、8.00、9.17,均P<0.05);A组妊娠期高血压发生率明显高于B、C、D组(χ^2值分别为6.92、7.29、7.28,均P<0.05)。各组间子痫前期、胎膜早破、前置胎盘、羊水过多及产后出血发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。胎儿生长受限发生率:A组高于C组和D组,B组高于C组和D组;新生儿低血糖发生率:A组高于C组、D组,B组高于C组、D组;病理性黄疸发生率:A组高于D组,B组高于C组和D组;新生儿窒息发生率:A组高于D组,B组高于D组,以上比较差异均具有统计学意义(χ^2=4.35~6.91,均P<0.05)。四组间围生儿畸形、巨大儿、新生儿红细胞增多症及新生儿肺炎的发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论高龄妊娠和妊娠期糖尿病对母婴存在危害性影响,应提倡产前检查,并加强高龄妊娠围产期监护。     

早发型重度子痫前期患者的妊娠结局及终止妊娠的最佳时机

目的:比较不同终止妊娠时间的早发型重度子痫前期患者的妊娠结局,为临床选择最佳终止妊娠时机提供依据。方法:采用回顾性分析的方法对2009～2011年122例早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床资料进行分析,按终止妊娠的孕周分为3组:A组39例(≤32周分娩),B组42例(32～33+6周分娩),C组41例(≥34周分娩),对3组患者的各项临床指标、并发症及妊娠结局进行对比。结果:胎儿生长受限和颅内出血在A、C组间有明显统计学差异(P<0.05),C组胎死宫内和围生儿死亡率均为4.9%,较A、B组发生率低(P<0.05)。DIC、胎盘早剥、心力衰竭、子痫发作、低蛋白血症等方面各组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。C组总体并发症发生率为95.1%,明显高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期患者孕32周后分娩,围产儿死亡率明显下降,妊娠结局良好。     

不同发病孕周早发型重度子痫前期患者期待治疗时间及母儿结局研究

目的:研究不同发病孕周早发型重度子痫前期(EOSP)期待治疗时间及母儿结局。方法:将EOSP孕妇162例按发病孕周的不同分为3组:A组28~29+6周妊娠患者43例,B组30~31+6周妊娠患者52例,C组32~33+6周妊娠患者67例。各组患者入院后均严密监测血压积极治疗,如达到终止妊娠指征时立即终止妊娠。比较分析各组期待治疗时间、分娩方式及母儿并发症的情况。结果:各组患者期待治疗时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);分娩的方式均以剖宫产为主,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。母体子痫及心衰的发生率C组孕妇明显高于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),A、B两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肾功能损害及HELLP综合征的发生率各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胎盘早剥的发生率A组明显高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各组间围生儿死亡率A组明显高于B、C两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着发病孕周的增加围生儿窒息发生明显降低,3组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:EOSP患者期待治疗的时间长短与发病孕周无相关性,剖宫产为EOSP患者首选终止妊娠方式。EOSP患者发病孕周越小,母体心衰、子痫的发生率越高,胎盘早剥的发生率随着发病孕周的增大逐渐降低;肾功能的损害及HELLP综合征、胎儿生长受限与EOSP发病孕周无明显的相关性,围生儿病死率及围生儿窒息发生率随着孕周的增加逐渐减小。     

胱抑素-C、肌酐在诊断妊娠期糖尿病及并发子痫前期患者肾功能损害中的价值

目的:比较血清胱抑素C(Cys-c)、肌酐(Scr)的检测在诊断妊娠期糖尿病及并发子痫前期患者肾功能损害中的价值。方法:对35例妊娠期糖尿病患者(A组)、22例轻度子痫前期患者(B组)和12例妊娠期糖尿病合并轻度子痫前期患者(C组)以及28例正常晚期妊娠孕妇(D组)的血清进行Cys-c、Scr的检测。结果:各观察值组间方差分析,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.00)。两两比较,Cys-c指标结果:A组与B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Scr指标结果:A、B、C三组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),D组与A、B、C三组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:血清Cys-c、Scr均可反映出A、B、C三组患者有不同程度的肾功能损害,但Scr不能反映出A、B、C三组间的差异,而血清Cys-c又可进一步反映出C组与A、B两组的差异。血清Cys-c较Scr能更敏感地反映妊娠期糖尿病并发子痫前期患者的肾功能损害。     

血清内脂素、C-反应蛋白在妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠期高血压疾病中的检测价值

目的探讨血清内脂素、C-反应蛋白在妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠期高血压疾病中的检测价值。方法选取2018年6月-2019年6月淳安县妇幼保健院收治的40例妊娠期糖尿病合并妊娠期高血压疾病患者为A组、40例妊娠期糖尿病患者为B组、40例妊娠期高血压疾病患者为C组,另选取同期在该院产检的40名健康孕妇为D组。检测并比较4组孕妇的血清内脂素及C-反应蛋白水平,同时比较A组与B组不同糖化血红蛋白水平、A组与C组不同严重程度孕妇的检测结果。结果 4组孕妇血清内脂素、C-反应蛋白检测结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。A组与B组相同糖化血红蛋白水平患者的血清内脂素、C-反应蛋白检测结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),均为A组显著高于B组。A组与C组相同严重程度患者的血清内脂素及C-反应蛋白检测结果进行组间比较,差异均有统计意义(均P0.05),均为A组显著高于C组。结论血清内脂素、C-反应蛋白在妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠期高血压疾病患者中均呈现高表达状态,在上述患者中的检测价值较高。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者无痛分娩中麻醉应用效果比较

目的 探讨低浓度舒芬太尼复合0.1%罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)+自控硬膜外镇痛泵(PCEA)在妊娠期高血压疾病患者无痛分娩中的应用效果.方法 选择陕西省西安市第四医院2016年6月至2017年2月119例妊娠期高血压疾病产妇随机分为3组,先椎管内单纯预注不同浓度的舒芬太尼,A组37例0μg/mL、B组42例0.4μg/mL、C组40例0.6μg/mL,后用舒芬太尼复合0.1%罗哌卡因行PCEA.比较三组镇痛前、镇痛后10min、20min、30min视觉模拟评分(VAS)评分,第一、二产程的时间及血压变化,产后1h内出血量,剖宫产率,先兆子痫和不良反应发生率及新生儿Apgar评分.结果 三组镇痛后各时间点VAS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为6.138、10.142、3.341、5.883,均P<0.05),B组镇痛后10min、20minVAS评分与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.525、9.418,均P<0.05),镇痛后30min、宫口开全与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组镇痛后10min、20min、30min VAS评分与A组差异有统计学意义(t值分别为5.376、13.650、2.365,均P<0.05),宫口开全与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组与C组镇痛后各时间点比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).三组第一产程收缩压、舒张压比较差异均有统计学意义(F分别为7.119、6.202,均P<0.05),B、C组与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为12.989、7.536;13.650、6.281,均P<0.05),B组与C组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);三组第二产程收缩压、舒张压比较差异均有统计学意义(F分别为6.703、5.113,均P<0.05),B、C组与A组比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.938、8.627;7.489、7.343,均P<0.05),B组与C组比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.115、0.042,均P>0.05).三组第一、二产程时间、产后1h内出血量比较差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为2.572、4.589、2.664,均P<0.05),且剖宫产率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.438,P<0.05),A组均最高.C组恶心呕吐发生率均明显高于A、B组(χ2值分别为7.112、5.319,均P<0.05),瘙痒发生率明显高于A、B组(χ2值分别为3.902、6.794,均P<0.05).结论 妊娠期高血压疾病患者分娩镇痛以0.1%罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼0.4μg/mL为最佳,不仅镇痛效果好,而且可有效维持血压平稳、缩短产程进展,降低剖宫产率,减少不良反应.     

全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在食管癌合并高血压手术中的应用

目的观察全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对食管癌合并高血压患者手术应激反应的影响。方法58例限期手术的食管癌合并高血压患者,随机分为全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(A组)和全麻组(B组),每组29例。分别测定麻醉前、气管插管时、胸腔探查时、术毕拔管时血浆皮质醇、胰岛素、血糖水平及平均动脉压和心率的变化。结果A组与麻醉前比较血浆皮质醇、胰岛素、血糖、平均动脉压及心率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组与麻醉前及同时段A组比较,血浆皮质醇、血糖及心率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),胰岛素与平均动脉压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组8例(27.59%)心肌缺血患者在术中有5例ST段及T波有所改善;B组6例(20.69%)术中均无改善,且有2例术前无心肌缺血术中出现ST段、T波改变。A组术中芬太尼、丙泊酚用量比B组少(P<0.05),且苏醒快。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞能减轻食管癌合并高血压患者手术的应激反应。     

重度子痫前期和重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症妊娠期妇女血流动力学变化及对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨重度子痫前期和重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症妊娠期妇女血流动力学变化及对妊娠结局的影响,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法选择2016年1月-12月深圳市龙华新区人民医院收治的80例重度子痫前期和重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症妊娠期妇女为研究对象,根据患者的临床症状以及诊断标准将80例患者分为三组:重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症21例(A组),重度子痫前期36例(B组),重度子痫前期合并重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症23例(C组),对三组患者血流动力学相关指标,转氨酶、胆红素等生化指标进行分析比较,并对其妊娠结局进行分析。结果三组患者的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心脏指数、心搏指数、血液黏稠度、外周血管阻力差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),在收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、血液黏稠度、外周血管阻力的比较中,C组患者高于A组和B组患者,在心脏指数、心搏指数的比较中,C组患者低于A组和B组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素、直接胆红素差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),在各个指标的组间比较中,均为A组高于C组,而C组又高于B组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。三组患者的新生儿Apgar评分、胎儿生长受限和死胎发生率差异有统计学意义(均P0.05),其中C组患者的新生儿Apgar评分低于A组和B组患者,C组患者的胎儿生长受限和死胎发生率高于A组和B组患者,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论针对重度子痫前期和重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的妊娠期妇女,要密切注意监测其围生期的血流动力学相关指标以及相关的生化指标,根据妊娠期妇女的具体病情适量地控制其妊娠周期,在保证母婴安全的情况下选取合适的分娩时机结束妊娠,提高新生儿生存率以及临床安全性。     

60例甲状腺手术麻醉方法及疗效分析

[目的]观察3种麻醉方法应用于甲状腺手术的麻醉效果,寻找一种可以有效镇痛和调控神经循环功能的方法,以利临床应用。[方法]60例甲状腺疾病患者随机分为A,B,C3组,每组20例。A组应用颈丛阻滞麻醉,B组颈丛阻滞加气管内全身麻醉,C组气管内全身麻醉。观察3组患者麻醉前后及术中和B,C两组拔管即刻的MAP,HR的变化。观察B、C两组全麻药用量,拔管时间及术后并发症等情况。[结果]3组之间MAP、HR变化比较:T0、T5时点3组之间差异无统计学意义,T1、T2、T3和T4时点A、B两组和C组比较差异有统计学意义。组内比较A、B两组T1-4与T0比较差异有统计学意义,C组T2与T0比较有差异有统计学意义。B,C两组拔管即刻的MAP,HR比较差异无统计学意义,苏醒时间、麻醉药用量及术后并发症差异无统计学意义。[结论]甲状腺手术麻醉可根据病变程度适当选用颈丛神经阻滞或者气管内全麻,加上合理的药物调控和镇静均能满足手术要求,但颈丛联合全麻并不能减少麻醉用药和缩短麻醉苏醒时间,且易致高血压,心率增快及心血管事件发生,并不可取。     

探讨期待治疗对不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期母儿结局的影响

目的：探讨期待治疗对不同孕周的早发型重度子痫前期孕妇及其产儿结局的影响。方法：选取本院2012年2月-2013年11月收治的146例早发型重度子痫的怀孕患者,按照孕周及重度子痫前期分类标准将其分为A组45例、B组49例和C组52例。根据临床情况进行期待治疗,并观察和记录三组的期待治疗时间、孕妇并发症、孕妇结局以及围生儿情况。结果：A组和C组的期待治疗时间均明显少于B组（P〈0.05）。三组并发症发生率比较结果：A组〉B组〉C组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;三组孕妇中C组的顺产率最高,相互比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。三组围生儿中A组的体重最轻,C组最高,相互比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;围生儿的死亡率A组〉B组〉C组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;此外,对围生儿的Apgar评分结果显示,A组     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.