初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的影响因素和营养风险筛查

目的 研究影响初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的相关因素。方法对2008年11月至2009年6月新华医院40例初诊食管癌患者,采用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）进行营养风险筛查,分别应用间接测热法和生物电阻抗法测定其静息能量消耗（REE）和人体组成成分。结果67．5％的初诊食管癌患者存在营养风险,且营养风险评分与其前白蛋白及白蛋白水平分别呈负相关关系（r=-0．444,P=0．004;r=-0．386,P=0．014）。REE实测值和Harris-Benedict公式REE预测值分别为（6770±1360）和（6021±841）kJ／d,两者具有相关性（r=0．503,P=0．001）,且前者显著高于后者（P〈0．001）。40例患者中,57．5％处于高代谢状态,30．0％处于正常代谢状态,12．5％处于低代谢状态。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,在众多营养指标中仅去脂组织对REE值的影响具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论去脂组织是初诊食管癌患者能量代谢的影响因素之一。     

胰腺癌病人静息能量消耗与营养状态关系的研究

目的:通过检测胰腺癌病人的静息能量消耗(REE),评估病人代谢变化的情况,探讨其与营养状态的关系。方法:用间接能量测定法检测34例诊断为胰腺癌的病人(试验组)和同期30例腹股沟疝病人(对照组)的REE。通过人体成分分析仪检测机体组成[体质指数(BMI)、肌肉重、去脂体重、脂肪重、细胞内液量(ICF)、细胞外液量(ECF)等],将REE与营养指标作相关性分析。结果:试验组病人的REE非常显著高于地对照组(P<0.01)。呼吸商(RQ)较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。试验组病人的BMI、体重、肌肉群、去脂体重、脂肪、细胞内液量等与对照组比显著减少(P<0.05);细胞外液量较对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。胰腺癌病人的REE与肌肉重、去脂体重、细胞内液均有显著负相关性(P<0.05),与脂肪重无显著相关性(P>0.05)。胰腺癌各病人REE的变化并不相同,其中REE升高者为55.88%,REE正常者为29.41%,REE降低者为14.71%。结论:胰腺癌病人REE显著增加,营养状况显著低下。REE的升高与营养不良相关性。     

结肠癌病人化疗前后的能量代谢测定及人体成分分析

目的:测量结肠癌病人化疗前后能量代谢和人体成分,以评估其化疗前后的营养状况。方法:选择结肠癌病人51例,采用自身对照研究方法,于化疗前2 d和化疗后第2天,采用床旁代谢仪测量静息能量代谢(REE),并采用人体成分分析仪对病人进行人体成分分析。结果:所有结肠癌病人化疗后第2天的REE与化疗前2 d比较均显著降低,且差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗后体脂百分数增加,瘦体质量百分数降低,身体水分百分数增加。体脂百分数、瘦体质量百分数与身体水分百分数均值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:结肠癌病人化疗后静息能量消耗与化疗前比呈下降趋势,体脂百分数增加,瘦体质量百分数降低,身体水分百分数增加。     

胰腺癌病人静息能量消耗增加与血浆细胞因子关系的研究

目的:通过检测胰腺癌病人的静息能量消耗(REE)和血浆细胞因子,探讨两者间的关系。方法:用间接能量测定法检测34例诊断为胰腺癌的病人(试验组)和同期30例腹股沟疝病人(对照组)的REE,测定血浆细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1),将REE和细胞因子做相关性分析。结果:试验组病人REE非常显著地高于对照组,为(1 449.03±315.47)kcal vs(1 344.67±128.52)kcal,P<0.01;呼吸商(RQ)非常显著地低于对照组,为(0.81±0.06)vs(0.88±0.08),P<0.01;细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6非常显著地高于对照组(P<0.01),而IL-1两组无显著性差异。胰腺癌病人血浆TNF-α与REE有非常显著的正相关性(P<0.01);IL-6与REE有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:胰腺癌病人REE显著增加,血浆细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6显著升高。胰腺癌病人REE的升高可能与细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的升高有一定的相关性。     

Prospective study of resting energy expenditure changes in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy measured by indirect calorimetry

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of malnutrition is high in patients with head and neck cancer due to tumor location and coadjuvant treatment. We studied changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) during treatment with chemoradiotherapy and compared the measured REE by indirect calorimetry (IC) with the value estimated by the Harris-Benedict (HB) formula. METHODS: Eighteen patients with head and neck cancer (15 men and 3 women, mean age 57 +/- 10.7 y, age range 30-71 y) entered the study. All patients were treated with radiotherapy (70.8 +/- 1 Gy, range 70-72) and received 37.4 +/- 3.5 fractions (range 32-42) and concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatinum (absolute doses of 400 to 1000 mg). Nutrition assessment included anthropometry (body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, midarm circumference, and midarm muscle circumference) and tetrapolar bioimpedance (Holtain BC). The IC (kcal/24 h; Deltatrac II MBM-200) was performed after an overnight fast. Measurements were done before treatment, at weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment, at the end of treatment, and 2 wk after treatment. RESULTS: Body mass index decreased during treatment from 24.7 +/- 4.4 kg/m(2) (range 16.9-31.4) to 22.3 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2) (range 15.1-29.6). REE (kcal/24 h) changed significantly during treatment (IC P < 0.05, HB formula P < 0.001). REE measured by IC appeared as a U-shaped curve, but REE estimated by the HB formula decreased during treatment. The HB underestimated REE measurements compared with IC. These differences were statistically significant before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 2 wk after treatment (P < 0.05) and showed a limited clinical agreement with the Bland-Altman method. CONCLUSIONS: REE measured by IC significantly changed during chemoradiotherapy. It was higher before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 2 wk after treatment. The HB formula underestimated REE in these patients. IC is a suitable method for measuring REE in this cohort of patients.     

先天性心脏病患儿术后静息能量消耗

目的　应用间接测热法（IC）测定先天性心脏病术后机械通气患儿的静息能量消耗（REE）,探究先天性心脏病患儿术后静息能量代谢规律及可能影响因素。方法　纳入2015年2至6月入住上海儿童医学中心心胸外科重症监护室的先天性心脏病术后患儿共150例,于术后4 h应用代谢车测定REE。收集患儿一般人口学和人体测量学资料、临床资料,分析临床因素与REE的相关性。比较患儿术后营养摄入与REE的关系。结果　入组患儿150例,男104例、女46例,中位年龄14（8.3~36.0）个月。IC测得非蛋白呼吸商为0.79±0.20,REE实测值（MREE)（264.76±61.74）kJ/(kg·d),与Schofield公式估算值（278.51±93.42）kJ/(kg·d)比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.096）,但相关性较低（R2=0.119）;多因素逐步回归分析显示先天性心脏病风险校正评分（RACHS-1）与MREE呈显著正相关（P=0.012）、年龄与MREE呈显著负相关（P=0.010）。术后97.33%（146/150）患儿第1天摄入热量低于MREE。结论　先天性心脏病术后并未出现明显高代谢状态,但影响底物代谢。RACHS-1评分、年龄是影响患儿术后REE的因素。先天性心脏病患儿术后第1天摄入热量普遍低于REE。     

Influence of resting energy expenditure on weight gain in adolescents taking second-generation antipsychotics

Background & aims

: Weight gain is an undesirable side effect of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). We performed this study to examine the influence of SGAs on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the relationship of REE to weight gain in adolescent patients.

Methods

Antipsychotic-naïve or quasi-naïve (<72 h of exposure to antipsychotics) adolescent patients taking olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone in monotherapy were followed up for one year. We performed a prospective study (baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment) based on anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac™ II MBM-200) to measure REE. We also analyzed metabolic and hormonal data and adiponectin concentrations.

Results

Forty-six out of the 54 patients that started treatment attended at least 2 visits, and 16 completed 1 year of follow-up. Patients gained 10.8 ± 6.2 kg (60% in the form of fat mass) and increased their waist circumference by 11.1 ± 5.0 cm after 1 year of treatment. The REE/kg body mass ratio decreased (p = 0.027), and the REE/percentage fat-free mass (FFM) ratio increased (p = 0.007) following the fall in the percentage of FFM during treatment. Weight increase was significantly correlated with the REE/percentage FFM ratio at all the visits (1–3–6–12 months) (r = 0.69, p = 0.004 at 12 months).

Conclusions

SGAs seem to induce a hypometabolic state (reflected as decreased REE/kg body mass and increased REE/percentage FFM). This could explain, at least in part, the changes in weight and body composition observed in these patients.     

Anthropometric measured fat-free mass as essential determinant of resting energy expenditure for pregnant and non-pregnant women

Objective

There is conflicting evidence as to whether anthropometric parameters are related to resting energy expenditure (REE) during pregnancy. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to precisely assess a major anthropometric determinant of REE for pregnant and non-pregnant women with verification of its use as a possible predictor.

Methods

One hundred fifty-two randomly recruited, healthy, pregnant Czech women were divided into groups G1 and G2. G1 (n = 31) was used for determination of the association between anthropometric parameters and REE. G2 (n = 121) and a group of non-pregnant women (G0; n = 24) were used for verification that observed relations were suitable for the prediction of REE during pregnancy. The women in the study groups were measured during four periods of pregnancy for REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters after 12 h of fasting.

Results

Associations were found in all groups between measured REE by indirect calorimetry and anthropometric parameters such as weight, fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area, and body mass index (P < 0.0001). The best derived predictor, REE/FFM (29.5 kcal/kg, r = 0.70, P < 0.0001), in group G1 was statistically verified in group G2 and compared with G0.

Conclusion

Anthropometrically measured FFM with its metabolically active components is an essential determinant of REE in pregnancy. REE/FFM can be used for the prediction of REE in pregnant and non-pregnant woman.     

机械通气危重患儿的连续性静息能量消耗测定

目的　探讨机械通气危重患儿的静息能量消耗变化,比较公式估算与间接测热法（IC）所测得的能量消耗之间的差异,分析影响危重患儿代谢状态的可能因素。方法　前瞻性收集2012年9月至2013年9月入住上海儿童医学中心重症监护室、行呼吸机辅助通气、满足IC要求的内科危重症患儿共56例,于机械通气第1、4、7、10天应用代谢车测定其静息能量消耗,并记录患儿的一般临床资料。结果　对56例患儿行IC测定130次,所测得的静息能量消耗值（MREE）在机械通气第1、4、7、10天间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.379）。MREE与Schofield及WHO公式估算值（PEE）比较差异虽无统计学意义（P值分别为0.917和0.995）,但一致性较差（R2值分别为0.185和0.322）。患儿在机械通气第1天的代谢状态仅与年龄（P=0.000）和身高（P=0.027）相关,与疾病严重程度和临床结局均无关联。结论　机械通气危重患儿的静息能量消耗IC法实测值随机械通气时间变化并不显著,预测公式估算的静息能量消耗值与IC法实际测量值之间一致性较差。建议将IC应用于重症监护病房,指导危重患儿个体化营养支持治疗,以改善患儿临床结局。     

恶性肿瘤患者静息能量代谢研究现状

能量代谢可以反映人体代谢基本情况,不同生理或病理时期机体代谢特征不同.恶性肿瘤负荷状态下,多数患者处于高能耗状态,但也有部分患者静息能量代谢无明显变化,这种改变可能与肿瘤的类型、病理分期、治疗手段及实验方法等因素密切相关.治疗效果对肿瘤患者静息能量消耗可产生不同影响:治疗有效时,患者静息能量消耗可恢复至正常;治疗无效时,患者静息能量代谢无改善甚至能耗量增加.恶性肿瘤患者能量代谢异常的机制可能与机体营养物质代谢异常及相关细胞因子调控有关.

Abstract：

Energy metabolism varies in different periods during the lifetime or in different pathological states. Resting energy expenditure (REE) may increase in some patients with malignant tumors, but may also show no significant difference when compared with healthy people or patients with benign tumors. The alteration of REE may be related to tumor site, pathologic stage, methods of treatment, and/or laboratory tests. The efficacy of a certain therapy may also affect REE in patients with malignant tumors: when a therapy is effective, the value of REE can return normal; however, when the treatment fails, REE will not be improved or become even higher.Mechanism governing the abnormalities of REE in patients with malignant tumors may be associated with the abnormal nutrition metabolism and the regulations of relevant cytokines.