超导型磁共振对血管压迫性三叉神经痛诊断价值研究

目的:探讨超导型磁共振成像对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法:选择经颅脑超导型磁共振成像检查拟诊为血管压迫性三叉神经痛12例,将其颅脑超导型磁共振成像结果与微血管减压术所见情况进行对比分析。结果:术前颅脑超导型磁共振成像共检出责任血管12条,其中血管与三叉神经接触9例,血管对三叉神经形成压迹3例。微血管减压术证实均为单侧责任血管(小脑上动脉7条,小脑前下动脉4条,岩静脉属支1条),其中血管与三叉神经接触8条,血管压迫三叉神经4条。结论:超导型磁共振成像能清晰显示三叉神经与周围血管的关系,可为血管压迫性三叉神经痛治疗方案的制定提供可靠依据。     

3D-TOF-MRA诊断偏侧面肌痉挛、三叉神经痛的病因

目的　研究增强三维体积扫描时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像 (3D -TOF -MRA)对偏侧面肌痉挛 (HFS)、三叉神经痛 (TN)病因诊断的临床价值。方法　常规颅脑MRI及增强 3D -TOF -MRA脑干薄层扫描 48例HFS患者和 46名对照、42例TN患者和 40名对照 ,盲法诊断面神经、三叉神经根部解剖改变 ,患者组与各自对照组作对照分析。结果　 (1)HFS、TN患者症状侧面神经根部、三叉神经根部受压迫 45侧 (93 .8% )和 3 6侧 (85 .7% ) ,其中血管压迫 44侧 (91.7% )和 3 2侧 (76.2 % ) ,肿瘤压迫 1侧 (2 .1% )和 4侧(8.9% ) ;无症状侧受血管压迫 8侧 (16.7% )和 4侧 (9.5 % ) ;对照组双侧受压迫 4侧 (4 .4% )和 5侧 (6.3 % )。 (2 )常见压迫面神经的血管为小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 17侧 (3 8.6% ) ,小脑后下动脉 (PICA) 12侧 (2 7.3 % ) ,椎动脉 (VA) 6侧 (13 .6% ) ;压迫三叉神经的血管为小脑上动脉 (SCA) 18侧 (5 6.3 % ) ,小脑前下动脉 (AICA) 5侧 (15 .6% ) ,起源不清的血管 (DIV) 4侧 (12 .5 % )。 (3 )面神经根部、三叉神经根部血管压迫发生HFS、TN的相对危险度估计值为 2 6.6和 9.84。 (4 )手术证实面肌痉挛组 3例、三叉神经痛组 6例神经血管压迫 ,面肌痉挛组 1例、三叉神经痛组 4例肿瘤压迫神经。结论　MRI加增强 3D -TOF -MRA     

三维稳态构成干扰序列在血管压迫性三叉神经痛诊断中的应用

目的 :分析MRI三维稳态构成干扰序列(3D-CISS)对三叉神经脑池段的显示、走行及与周边血管关系的表现,探讨3D-CISS对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析29例经神经外科手术证实的血管压迫性三叉神经痛患者的MRI表现,观察三叉神经的形态、走行及其与血管关系。结果 :三叉神经在3D-CISS序列显示清晰,显示率为100%,29例均显示局部动脉接触或压迫三叉神经,且经手术证实;结合3D-TOF-MRA分析显示责任血管,27例为同侧小脑上动脉,1例为同侧椎动脉,1例为同侧基底动脉。结论:MRI 3D-CISS能清晰显示三叉神经脑池段形态、走行及其与周边血管的关系,结合3D-TOF-MRA有助于确定责任血管,对术前评估和指导治疗有重要意义。     

血管压迫性三叉神经痛磁共振表现与手术结果对照分析

目的评估磁共振断层血管成像在血管压迫性三叉神经痛术前诊断中的作用。方法采用磁共振3D-TOF序列扫描60例血管压迫性三叉神经痛患者的三叉神经出脑干段,并做多平面重建。将磁共振表现与其手术结果对照,分析各断面成像的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果术中发现3例无血管神经接触,3例为静脉接触神经,其余54例均可见动脉或动脉伴静脉一起接触神经。经统计表明以斜矢状面的敏感性、特异性及准确性最高。结论磁共振对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的责任血管的术前评估非常有价值,斜矢状面是最佳成像断面。     

运用3DT1 SPGR序列研究三叉神经与血管的关系

目的:研究MRI3DT1SPGR序列对三叉神经痛(TN)病因诊断的临床价值。材料和方法:常规MRI加3DT1SPGR序列行脑干薄层扫描60例TN患者,采用盲法确定三叉神经根部解剖改变,分别观察双侧三叉神经周围是否存在血管影,并测定三叉神经长轴与邻近血管的距离,两侧对照分析。结果:(1)3DT1SPGR法发现症状侧血管神经之间有切迹者17例,接触者24例,阳性率71%。非症状侧阳性率22%。有三叉神经痛症状的一侧血管接触、压迫神经的比率明显高于非症状侧;(2)MRI常规扫描发现有三叉神经症状的一侧血管压迫神经比率为42%,非症状侧为12%。结论:MRI加3DT1SPGR序列为目前TN病因诊断的较好影像检查方法,TN的主要病因为患侧三叉神经根部受血管压迫。     

3D-TSE序列在三叉神经痛病因诊断中的价值

目的　探讨MRI三维快速自旋回波 (3D TSE)序列在三叉神经痛 (TN)病因研究中的价值。资料与方法　应用 3D TSE序列 ,结合常规MRI序列 ,分析 5 0例TN患者和 5 0名正常对照者的MRI表现及手术结果。结果　 (1) 5 0名正常对照者 10 0侧脑池段三叉神经MRI检查中 ,11侧存在三叉神经血管接触。 5 0名TN患者疼痛侧有血管压迫或接触的为 32例 ,非疼痛侧 5 0侧三叉神经中 ,有血管接触的为 7例 ,经统计学分析 ,TN患者疼痛有无与是否存在血管压迫或接触有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。 (2 ) 5 0例TN患者疼痛侧 ,MRI诊断TN病因中血管压迫或接触占 6 4 % (32 / 5 0 ) ;肿瘤性病变占 16 % (8/ 5 0 ) ;其他占 2 0 % (10 / 5 0 )。 (3)根据手术结果 ,3D TSE序列对TN诊断的敏感性为 10 0 % ,特异性为 80 %。结论　三叉神经脑池段的血管压迫或接触是TN的主要病因 ,3D TSE成像能清晰显示三叉神经与邻近血管、肿瘤性病变或其他病变之间的关系 ,为临床确定治疗方案有重要的指导意义     

3T MR体层血管造影对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的:探讨3T磁共振体层血管造影(MRTA)对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析60例手术治疗的血管压迫性三叉神经痛患者的MRTA表现,评判三叉神经周围有无血管压迫,并与术中观察结果对照.结果:症状侧血管压迫者52例,非症状侧血管压迫5例,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).MRTA显示的神经血管接触52例中,术中49例发现有血管压迫或接触,MRTA显示无接触的8例中有4例发现血管压迫或接触.以手术结果为金标准,MRTA判断血管压迫性三叉神经痛的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为92.5％、57.1％、88.3％、94.2％和50％.结论:MRTA可以准确显示三叉神经根与周围血管的关系,为血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断及治疗提供可靠的影像学依据.     

磁共振3D-SPACE序列对血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的 评价磁共振3D -SPACE序列对三叉神经微血管压迫的诊断价值.方法 对32例单侧三叉神经痛患者行3.0T磁共振3D -SPACE序列检查,所有患者均经三叉神经微血管减压术证实.分析三叉神经微血管压迫的影像学特征,并与手术结果对照.结果 32例患者中,症状侧血管神经关系I型1例(3%),II型22例(69%),III型9例(28%),而无症状侧I型13例(41%),II型19例(59%),III型0例,两侧压迫程度差异显著,有统计学意义(P值为0.000).在有血管神经压迫情况的神经中,症状侧31例45处,近端压迫为29处(64%),远端压迫为16处(36%),症状侧与非症状侧压迫点位置无统计学差异(P=0.376).症状侧小脑上动脉为主要压迫动脉,占71.8%.3D -SPACE序列能对三叉神经进行多平面重建,显示血管压迫三叉神经的位置、程度及责任血管的来源.结论 3D -SPACE序列能清晰显示三叉神经与周围结构的关系,能提供准确的诊断信息,且有助于手术方案的设计.     

三叉神经痛:MRI序列选择及MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨三叉神经痛患者的MRI影像表现及最佳成像序列和方法，评价MRI对三叉神经痛的诊断价值。资料与方法 应用三维稳态构成干扰序列（constructive interference in steady state,CISS)和三维稳态旋进快速成像序列（fast imaging with steady state precession,FISP)结合三维预磁化快速梯度回波序列（magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo imaging,MPRAGE or 3D-MPR),并采用三维多平面或曲面重建技术对25例（50条）正常对照组及50例（50条，单发）三叉神经痛患者行MR成像，观察MRI图像中神经、血管显示情况和三叉神经痛在MRI中的表现形式。结果 （1）正常对照组神经血管压迫或接触为30％，三叉神经痛患者病侧为96％，血管包绕神经及神经变形，对照组没有出现，病例组5例。（2）50例三叉神经痛患者中病例MRI诊断为血管压迫或接触的为38例，手术证实有血管压迫为18例，另有10例行γ－刀治疗，术后症状消失；桥小脑角肿瘤7例，均为手术证实；血管病变5例，均由微血管减压术或手术证实。（3）正常对照组与病例组神经血管压迫或接触的阳性率差异有显著意义（P＜0．005），诊断敏感性为96％，特异性为79％。结论 磁共振3D－CISS和3D－FISP序列结合3D－MPR序列能够清晰显示三叉神经与邻近血管、肿瘤性病变和血管性病变之间的关系，对临床提供术前评估和指导治疗有极其重要的意义。     

血管压迫性偏侧面肌痉挛的MRI诊断

目的 探讨MRI对血管压迫性偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)的诊断价值.方法 常规MRI加3D-TOF-MRA脑干薄层扫描18例HFS患者,分析MRI表现,并与手术结果进行对照研究.结果 (1)患者症状侧神经根部受压迫18例,均为血管压迫.(2)统计学处理,HFS患者临床症状出现与面神经根部存在血管压迫或接触有显著相关性(P＜0.001).神经根部有血管压迫或接触出现HFS临床症状是神经远端有血管压迫、接触或无的4.5倍.(3)本组HFS病例术中见压迫血管共29根,分别为小脑下前动脉14根(48.27%).小脑下后动脉10根(34.48%),椎动脉3根(10.35%),基底动脉1根(3.45%),小脑上动脉1根(3.45%).(4)单根动脉压迫10例(55.56%),多根动脉压迫8例(44.44%).(5)血管压迫的形式可为接触14根(48.28%)或绊状包绕15根(51.72%).结论 MRI加3D-TOF-MRA对诊断HFS血管压迫的诊断有重要价值.     

Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography in trigeminal neuralgia on a 0.5-T system

The goal of this study was to analyze the diagnostic value of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D TOF MRA), performed on a 0.5-T system in the detection of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). One hundred seventy-two TN patients were examined using plain and contrast-enhanced 3D TOF MRA on a 0.5-T system. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction was performed in three standard planes. Both the original and the reconstructed images were studied to search for vascular compression shown by close neurovascular contact and/or dislocation of the trigeminal nerve. Forty-two TN patients underwent surgical exploration of the posterior fossa. Results of MRA were compared with clinical data in all cases and to results of surgery in the surgically treated cases. Neurovascular contact at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve was detected on the symptomatic side in 94 patients, and on the asymptomatic side in 12 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, as well as positive and negative predictive value of 3D TOF MRA in the detection of neurovascular compression in the patient group undergoing surgery, were 97.6, 92.5, 95.0, 93.0, and 97.4 %, respectively. Three-dimensional TOF MRA performed on a 0.5-T system appears to be not less effective than similar examinations by higher field strength devices in the detection of neurovascular contact. This sequence accurately demonstrates the presence of neurovascular compression, and in this way valuable information may be achieved for the planning of surgical therapy of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Received: 25 February 1999 Revised: 29 March 2000 Accepted: 4 July 2000     

3.0T磁共振断层血管成像对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值

目的 探讨3.0T磁共振断层血管成像(magnetic resonance tomographic angiography, MRTA )对三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫的诊断价值. 方法 临床诊断的三叉神经痛52例,面肌痉挛9例,共61例.61例均行3.0T磁共振断层血管造影成像( MRTA),利用原始图像进行斜矢状位和冠状位重建,从3个方位观测血管神经的关系,并与手术结果进行对照. 结果 52例三叉神经痛中,MRTA显示46例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫.9例面肌痉挛MRTA显示面神经均有微血管跨越或压迫.手术结果显示52例三叉神经痛中45例存在三叉神经血管压迫或接触,6例无压迫,1例为囊肿;9例面肌痉挛均有微血管压迫.MRTA诊断阳性率为90.2%、敏感性为 96.4%、特异性为80%. 结论 3.0T超高场强下进行MRTA,对发现三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛血管神经压迫有重要诊断价值.     

三维时间飞跃对三叉神经痛的诊断价值

目的 探讨三叉神经痛神经患者的ＭＲ表现为其诊断价值。方法 应用三维时间飞跃（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦ）序列,结合ＳＥ及快速液体衰减反转恢复（ＦＬＡＩＲ）序列,回顾性分析了１０４例三叉神经痛患者ＭＲ表现及手术结果。结果 （１）１０４例三叉神经痛患者中ＭＲＩ诊断为血管压迫或接触的为７５例,术中证实有血管压迫或接触的为６９例;桥小脑角肿瘤共１４例,ＭＲＩ确诊１３例,另１例由手术确诊;血管性病变的为５例,均由微血管减     

Angiographic observations in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Twenty-four patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were treated by neurovascular decompression surgery. All patients underwent preoperative vertebral angiography. After surgery, the vertebral angiograms of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. In 23 of the 24 patients, the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) and/or the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) compressed the trigeminal nerve. In the remaining case, no such compression by vessels was observed. On review of the angiograms, most of the compressing arteries, and the sites and numbers of compression points could be identified. Most of the caudal points of the SCAs which did not compress the trigeminal nerve were located higher than the compression points of the SCAs. It was therefore concluded that vertebral angiography is useful in the preoperative evaluation of compressing arteries. Since superimposition of arteries could be avoided, the straight AP projection was the most valuable of the three projections employed.     

Sensitivity and specificity of MRA in the diagnosis of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

The published rates of operatively confirmed neurovascular compression as the cause for trigeminal neuralgia range from 10 % to nearly 100 %. High-definition magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 27 consecutive patients (in 6 cases with 3D reconstructions) to show neurovascular compression preoperatively. The MRA findings were compared with the relationship between the Vth nerve and the surrounding vessels at surgery. In 23 patients MRA showed present neurovascular compression in accordance with surgical findings (18/27 in complete accordance of type and side of vessel, site and direction of compression). One woman had no neurovascular compression either on MRA or intraoperatively. One MRA prediction of neurovascular compression was false, and two results were false negative. The sensitivity of MRA was therefore 88.5 % but the specificity only 50 %, if surgical findings are the reference. In one patient with right trigeminal neuralgia MRA revealed bilateral neurovascular compression of the Vth nerves. Therefore, the overall specificity of MRA might be below 50 %. In one patient with multiple sclerosis, the decision to operate was markedly influenced by the clear finding of neurovascular compression on MRA. The patient has been free from trigeminal pain for 149 weeks after microvascular decompression. In 6 patients, 3D reconstructions of the MRA data were performed. The images helped in 3D visualisation of the operation, but did not yield new information about the nature of the vessels revealed, or the site, direction or side of the neurovascular compression. Received: 15 May 1997 Accepted: 18 June 1997     

3D-CISS序列MR成像在血管压迫性三叉神经痛中的应用

目的　探讨三叉神经痛患者的神经血管解剖关系。方法　应用 3D -CISS序列并结合 3D -TOF血管造影及MPR重建技术对 49例三叉神经痛患者进行MR检查并部分与手术结果对照。结果　 (1) 13例手术患者中 ,10例 3D -CISS和 3D -TOF序列均显示血管压迫的患者经手术证实为动脉压迫 ,另 3例仅在 3D -CISS序列显示的压迫血管 ,手术证实为静脉压迫。 (2 ) 2 0例伴有上颌神经症状的病人有 18例 (90 % )在三叉神经根部内侧有压迫点 ;19例伴有下颌神经症状的病人有 15例 (79% )在三叉神经外侧有压迫点 (经 χ2 检验 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　 3D -CISS序列对显示三叉神经痛病人的神经血管关系、三叉神经的压迫部位与三叉神经痛区域相关性有重要作用。     

Patterns of neurovascular compression in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia: A high-resolution MRI-based study

Purpose

To describe the anatomical characteristics and patterns of neurovascular compression in patients suffering classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN), using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods

The analysis of the anatomy of the trigeminal nerve, brain stem and the vascular structures related to this nerve was made in 100 consecutive patients treated with a Gamma Knife radiosurgery for CTN between December 1999 and September 2004. MRI studies (T1, T1 enhanced and T2-SPIR) with axial, coronal and sagital simultaneous visualization were dynamically assessed using the software GammaPlan™. Three-dimensional reconstructions were also developed in some representative cases.

Results

In 93 patients (93%), there were one or several vascular structures in contact, either, with the trigeminal nerve, or close to its origin in the pons. The superior cerebellar artery was involved in 71 cases (76%). Other vessels identified were the antero-inferior cerebellar artery, the basilar artery, the vertebral artery, and some venous structures. Vascular compression was found anywhere along the trigeminal nerve. The mean distance between the nerve compression and the origin of the nerve in the brainstem was 3.76 ± 2.9 mm (range 0–9.8 mm). In 39 patients (42%), the vascular compression was located proximally and in 42 (45%) the compression was located distally. Nerve dislocation or distortion by the vessel was observed in 30 cases (32%).

Conclusions

The findings of this study are similar to those reported in surgical and autopsy series. This non-invasive MRI-based approach could be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in CTN, and it could help to understand its pathogenesis.     

3D-FIESTA-C与3D-TOF-MRA 序列在血管压迫三叉神经痛中责任血管显示的比较研究

目的：比较三维双激发平衡式稳态自由进动序列（3D‐FIESTA‐C）与三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像（3D‐TOF‐MRA）在血管压迫三叉神经痛中责任血管显示的应用价值。方法回顾性分析行微血管减压术（M VD ）的60例三叉神经痛患者的磁共振资料,所有患者均采用3D‐T O F‐M RA和3D‐FIES T A‐C序列扫描,从原始及重建图像综合评判患侧三叉神经脑池段与周围血管的空间关系,以术中镜下所见为金标准,对比分析3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列预判接触血管的效能。结果判定是否存在责任血管,3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列灵敏度分别为85．7％、89．3％,特异度为75．0％、100％,准确率为85．0％、90．0％（P＝1．000）。在责任血管中,3D‐TOF‐MRA和3D‐FIESTA‐C序列判定责任动脉灵敏度分别为94．1％、88．2％（P＝0．244）,而责任静脉灵敏度为0．00％、88．2％（P＝0．009）。结论3D‐FIESTA‐C与3D‐TOF‐MRA序列均能有效显示责任血管,3D‐FIESTA‐C对责任静脉的显示优于3D‐TOF‐MRA ,可作为术前病因诊断的有力补充。