中国人谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶M1和T1基因多态性与原发性肝细胞癌的易感性

目的 探讨中国人群谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST) M1和T1基因多态性与原发性肝细胞癌遗传易感性的关系. 方法 通过检索PubMed和中国知网等数据库中的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因多态性与原发性肝细胞癌的25篇文献,针对累计病例2788例和正常对照5548例进行Meta分析和关联性研究.对数据进行皮尔逊x2检验和异质性检验.结果 GSTM1、GSTT1空白基因型与原发性肝细胞癌易感性有统计学意义,病例对照的皮尔逊x2检验P值分别是1.8×10-11和4.6×10-11,比值比(OR值,95％ CI)分别为1.67 (1.39 ～ 2.01)和1.59 (1.29 ～ 1.96).GSTM1和GST1的交叉分析,两者均为空白基因型的OR值(95％ CI)为3.34 (2.23 ～ 5.00),明显高于GSTM1和GSTT1中有一个空白基因型的OR值,相对易感性更大;两者至少有一个空白基因型比两者均为非空白基因型能提高原发肝细胞癌发病的危险性,OR值(95％CI)是2.52 (1.87 ～ 3.38). 结论 谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶GSTM1、GSTT1的空白基因型分别是中国人群原发性肝细胞癌的易感因素,并且GSTM1和GSTT1两者联合对原发性肝癌有协同易感作用.     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶M1、T1基因多态与散发性大肠腺癌遗传易感性

目的　探讨谷胱甘肽S 转移酶 (GST)M1、T1基因多态与散发性大肠腺癌 (SCRAC)遗传易感性的关联。方法　应用多重聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术 ,对经病理组织学确诊的 10 4例SCRAC患者及同期在本院体检的无血缘关系的 10 1例健康人 ,检测其GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性。结果　 (1)在健康人和SCRAC患者 ,GSTM1、GSTT1空白基因型的频率差异均无显著性 (前者 4 6 5 % :5 6 7% ,χ2 =2 13,P >0 0 5 ;后者 4 7 5 % :6 0 6 % ,χ2 =3 5 2 ,P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )GSTM1空白基因型频率在近端与远端SCRAC患者间、在老年与非老年SCRAC间的频率差异均无显著性 ;而GSTT1空白基因型的频率差异有显著性 (前者 4 4 4 % :6 6 2 % ,χ2 =3 97,P <0 0 5 ;后者 70 9% :4 9 0 % ,χ2 =5 2 1,P <0 0 5 )。 (3)GSTM1、GSTT1均为空白基因联合型的个体患SCRAC的危险性升高 4 33倍 (9 6 % :2 6 9% ,χ2 =7 89,ν =3,P <0 0 5 )。结论　单独的GSTM1或GSTT1空白基因型与SCRAC遗传易感性无关 ,但GSTT1空白基因型与远端SCRAC遗传易感性有关 ,且多见于老年患者。GSTM1、GSTT1均为空白基因的联合基因型是SCRAC的易感基因型。     

亚洲前列腺癌患者维生素D受体基因TaqⅠ多态性的Meta分析

目的 探讨亚洲人群维生素D受体(VDR)基因TaqⅠ位点(rs731236)多态性与前列腺癌易感性的关系.方法 检索Pubmed、EMBase、CBM、CNKI、VIP、万方数据平台从建库到2011年5月20日的文献,对所纳入的研究,运用RevMan5.0.0软件进行Meta分析,Statal 1.0软件进行Egger's检验和Begg's检验.结果 共纳入7篇病例对照研究,累计样本量为1 766例,其中病例组801例,对照组965例.Meta分析结果未见VDR TaqⅠ位点的多态性与前列腺癌易感性有显著关联(等位基因T对t:OR=1.16,95％ CI=0.93～1.46,P=0.19)(基因型TT/Tt对tt:OR =1.64,95％ CI =0.67 ～4.04,P=0.28)(基因型TT对Tt/tt:0R=1.16,95％ CI =0.90～ 1.49,P=0.25).结论 尚不能确定VDR基因位点TaqⅠ多态性与亚洲人群前列腺癌易感性有关.     

GSTM1基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌易感性的Meta分析

目的 探索谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌发生的相关性.方法 检索2011年8月之前GSTM1基因多态性与肺癌相关性的相关文献,根据纳入、排除标准选择符合要求的文献,整理GSTM1功能型基因型、缺失型基因型频数或频率,采用Mantel-Haenszel固定效应模型分析合并OR值,并用漏斗图和Egger线性回归分析评估文献的发表偏倚.结果 GSTM1(-)基因型携带者发生肺癌的风险是GSTM1(+)基因型携带者的1.64倍(95％CI:1.43～1.87),有统计学意义(Z=7.19,P＜0.01);发表偏倚的漏斗图对称,Egger线性回归分析回归截距为-0.422(95％CI:-3.011～2.167),无发表偏倚(P=0.734).结论 GSTM1基因是肺癌发生的易感基因,其中GSTM1缺失型基因型是中国汉族人群发生肺癌的风险因子.     

Ghrelin基因Leu72Met多态性与2型糖尿病相关性的Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析评价Ghrelin基因SNP+408C/A位点多态性与T2DM的相关性.方法 检索中国知网、维普、万方、Pubmed、Cochrone library、OVID数据库,收集2000年1月至2012年5月公开发表的有关Ghrelin基因SNP+408C/A位点多态性与T2DM相关性研究的文献;按一定标准对文献质量进行综合评价,提取有效数据,采用Review Manager 5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入研究8篇,累计病例3944例,对照3967例.Meta分析结果显示,Ghrelin基因+408C/A位点多态性与T2DM的相关性中C等位基因与A等位基因(OR:1.02,95％CI:0.93～1.12,P=0.61)、基因型CC与(CA+AA) (OR:0.99,95％CI:0.89～1.10,P=0.80)、基因型CC与CA(OR:0.98,95％CI:0.88～1.10,P=0.73)、基因型CC与AA(OR:1.2,95％CI:0.90～1.60,P=0.22)比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 Ghrelin基因+408C/A位点多态性与T2DM易感性可能无关.     

N-乙酰基转移酶2及谷胱甘肽S转移酶M1基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤的关系研究

目的 研究药物代谢酶NAT2、GSTM1、GSTT1的基因多态性与抗结核药物肝损伤的关系,阐明抗结核药物性肝损伤（antituberculosis drug induced liver injury,ATDILI）的分子机制.方法 解放军第三○九医院结核科2008-2009年度住院初治结核病患者208例,具有明确抗结核药物性肝损伤发生的患者为肝损伤组（共101例）,无抗结核药物性肝损伤发生的患者为对照组（共107例）,通过PCR扩增产物直接测序的方法分析两组的NA T2基因多态性并分型.通过多重PCR方法检测两组患者GSTM1、GSTT1是否存在基因型缺失.以SPSS12.0软件进行x2检验处理,比较两组之间各基因型分布频率的差异,并计算各基因型风险系数（odds ratio,OR值）及95％可信区间（95％ CI）,分析疾病与基因的关联强度.结果 （1）肝损伤组患者中,39.6％ （40/101）为NAT2慢乙酰化基因型;对照组中,12.2％（13/107）为NA T2慢乙酰化基因型.NA T2慢乙酰化基因型者发生抗结核药物性肝损伤的风险系数（OR值）为4.74（95％CI＝2.42～9.28;x2 =20.62,P＜0.05）.（2）肝损伤组中,GSTM1缺失基因型占63.4％（64/101）,对照组GSTM1缺失基因型占51.4％（55/107）;两组比较GSTM1缺失基因型发生药物性肝损伤的OR值偏高（但无统计学意义）,为1.64（95％CI＝0.94～2.84,x2＝3.038,P＞0.05）.肝损伤组中,GSTT1缺失基因型占47.5％（48/101）,对照组GSTT1缺失基因型占45.8％（49/107）,两组比较OR值接近,为1.07（95％CI＝0.62～1.85,x2＝0.063,P＞0.05）.（3）肝损伤组中同时具有NA T2慢乙酰化基因型及GSTM1缺失基因型的患者29例,对照组5例,发生抗结核药物性肝损伤的风险系数OR值高达10.21（95％CI＝3.87～26.96,x2＝20.62,P＜0.005）.结论 NAT2基因的慢乙酰化基因型及GSTM1缺失基因型可能与ATDILT有关.     

细胞色素P4501A1、谷胱甘肽转硫酶基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病的相关性研究

目的探讨生物代谢酶细胞色素P4501A1、谷胱甘肽转硫酶M1、T1基因多态性与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究方法,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术对89例儿童ALL患儿以及90名健康对照者的CYP1A1 Msp Ⅰ多态(T264C)、GSTMI和GSTT1等基因的多态分布进行分析。结果儿童ALL组的CYP1A1基因Msp Ⅰ多态纯合子突变型(C型)的频率与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),携带纯合子突变型的儿童患ALL的危险度比杂合子突变型(B型)与野生型(A型)儿童的高(OR=1.997,95% CI:1.024～3.896)。GSTM1缺失型分布频率与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05,OR=2.709,95%CI:1.427～5.146),GSTT1缺失型分布频率与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。同时携带CYPlAl C型、GSTM1、GSTT1缺失型的联合基因型儿童患ALL的风险增加(OR=2.235,95% CI:1.111～4.497)。结论 CYP1A1基因Msp Ⅰ多态纯合子突变型(C型)、GSTM1缺失型与儿童ALL的易感性可能相关,GSTT1缺失型与儿童ALL易感性可能不相关;同时携带CYP1A1 C型与GSTM1、GSTT1缺失基因型可能是儿童ALL发病的易感因素之一。     

白细胞介素-1β基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性的系统评价

目的通过Meta分析探讨IL-1β基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）易感性的关系。方法计算机及手工检索1980年1月至2013年1月发表的关于IL-1β基因多态性和COPD易感性关系的文献资料。根据纳入及排除标准筛选文献并提取数据。Meta分析采用RevMan5．0．25和Stata11．0软件进行。合并效应采用比值比（OR）和95％可信区间（95％CI）进行评价。发表偏倚通过漏斗图直观判断和Egger回归法、Begg秩相关法定量检测。敏感性分析为剔除不符合H—W平衡的文献后重新进行Meta分析。5篇文献（6项研究）被纳入Meta分析,共有749例COPD患者及923例对照纳入研究。结果Meta分析结果表明,IL-1β-511C／T基因多态性与COPD易感性无关联（TvsC：OR=0．97,95％CI=0．76～1．24：TTvsCC：OR：0．93,95％CI=0．55—1．59;CT＋TYvsCC：OR=1．25,95％CI=0．98～1．58;TTvsCT＋CC：OR=0．82,95％CI：0．64—1．05）,IL-1β-31T／C基因多态性与COPD易感性亦无明显联系（CUST：OR=0．99,95％CI=0．86～1．15;CCvsTF：OR=0．99,95％CI=0．72～1．35;CT＋TTvsCC：OR=1．21．95％CI=0．94—1．55;TTvsCT＋CC：OR=0．80,95％CI=0．63～1．03）。结论IL-1β-511C／T、-31T／C基因多态性与COPD易感性无关。     

解整合素-金属蛋白酶33基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性的荟萃分析

目的 运用荟萃分析的方法探讨解整合素-金属蛋白酶33 (ADAM33)基因多态性与COPD易感性的关系.方法 全面检索PubMed、中国知网、重庆维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方科技期刊全文数据库获取ADAM33基因多态性与COPD易感性的病例对照研究,根据纳入及排除标准筛选文献并提取数据.采用等位基因遗传模型、显性遗传模型、隐性遗传模型、共显性遗传模型分别评价COPD发病的相对危险度,合并效应采用比值比(OR)和95％可信区间(95％CI).并通过人种分组,对各基因多态性进行亚组分析.发表偏倚通过漏斗图直观判断和Egger回归法、Begg秩相关法检验.结果 共6篇文献(6个病例-对照研究)被纳入,共有2 371例研究对象(其中1 174例为COPD患者,1 197例为正常对照者)被纳入荟萃分析.Meta分析结果表明,无论在亚洲人还是高加索人中,ADAM33 F+1基因多态性与COPD易感性无关联.而Q-1 G/A与亚洲人种COPD患者易感性无关(OR=1.289,95％CI=0.759～2.190,P=0.347),与高加索人种COPD易感性有关(OR =1.651,95％ CI=1.178～2.314,P=0.004).ADAM33 Q-1 G/A与COPD有关联(OR=1.421,95％ CI =1.014～1.991,P=0.042).亚组分析显示,Q-1 G/A基因多态性与亚洲人COPD易感性无关(OR=1.289,95％CI =0.759～2.190,P=0.347);与高加索人COPD易感性有关(OR =1.651,95％ CI =1.178～2.314,P=0.004).结论 ADAM33 F+ 1T/C基因多态性可能与COPD易感性没有相关性,ADAM33 Q-1 G/A等位基因G可能是COPD的易感因素.     

代谢酶基因GSTM1和广西人群胃癌遗传易感性的关系

目的探讨代谢酶基因GSTM1多态性与广西地区人群胃癌遗传易感性之间的相关性。方法采用PCR技术检测广西地区121例胃癌患者和138例健康人的GSTM1基因多态性的分布频率,分析其与广西地区胃癌遗传易感性之间的相关性以及与吸烟、饮酒在胃癌易感性中的交互作用。结果胃癌组GSTM1（-）基因型频率（54．5％）显著高于对照组（39．1％）（X^2=6．140,P=0．013）。携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险是携带GSTM1（＋）基因型个体的2．13倍（95％CI=1．079-1．831,P=0．013）。在吸烟者中,携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体较携带GSTM1（＋）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险明显增加（OR=3．247,95％CI=1．067—2．328,P=0．015）。其增加程度远远高于总的胃癌风险（OR=2．129）。在饮酒者中,携带GSTM1（-）基因型的个体较携带GSTM1（＋）基因型的个体患胃癌的风险亦明显增加（OR=3．117,95％CI=1．020—2．863,P=0．033）。其增加程度远远高于总的胃癌风险（OR=2．129）。结论GSTM1（-）基因型显著增加广西地区人群患胃癌的风险,且显著增加吸烟、饮酒者患胃癌的风险。     

CYP1A1 , GSTM1 , GSTT1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men

AIM: To investigate the role of functional genetic poly-morphisms of metabolic enzymes of tobacco carcinogens in the development of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: The study subjects were 455 patients with colorectal adenomas and 1052 controls with no polyps who underwent total colonoscopy in a preretirement health examination at two Self Defense Forces hospitals. The genetic polymorphisms studied wereCYP1A1*2A (rs 4646903), CYP1A1*2C (rs 1048943), GSTM1 (null or non-null genotype), GSTT1 (null or non-null genotype) and NQO1 C609T (rs 1800566). Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism or PCR method using genomic DNA extracted from the buffy coat. Cigarette smoking and other life-style factors were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. The associations of the polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas were examined by means of OR and 95%CI, which were derived from logistic regression analysis. Statistical adjustment was made for smoking, alcohol use, body mass index and other factors. The gene-gene interaction and effect modification of smoking were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: None of the five polymorphisms showed a significant association with colorectal adenomas, nor was the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . A borderline significant interaction was observed for the combination of CYP1A1*2C and NQO1 (P = 0.051). The OR associated with CYP1A1*2C was significantly lower than unity among individuals with the NQO1 609CC genotype. The adjusted OR for the combination of the CYP1A1*2C allele and NQO1 609CC genotype was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.42-0.91). Although the interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.24), the OR for individuals carrying the CYP1A1*2C allele and GSTT1 null genotype decreased significantly compared with those who had neither CYP1A1*2C allele nor GSTT1 null genotype (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.97). Smoking did not modify the associations of the individual polymorphisms with colorectal adenomas. There w     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism.

The polypeptide cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) affects nearly every tissue and organ system. IL-1 is the prototype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in that it induces the expression of a variety of genes and the synthesis of several proteins that, in turn, induce acute and chronic inflammatory changes. IL-1 is also the prototypic "alarm" cytokine in that it brings about increases in a variety of defense mechanisms, particularly immunologic and hematologic responses. Most studies on the biology of IL-1 have been performed in animals, but human subjects have recently been injected with recombinant IL-1 and the results confirm the two fundamental properties of IL-1 as being both a mediator of disease as well as of host defense. However, in either situation, over or continued production of IL-1 leads to debilitation of normal host functions; therefore, reduction of IL-1 synthesis or its effects becomes a target of therapy in many diseases. In this review, the structure, gene expression, synthesis, and secretion of IL-1 are described. In addition, the two IL-1 surface receptors, possible signal transduction mechanisms, various biologic activities, and production of IL-1 during disease states are discussed. Similarities and differences between IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-6 are presented. Although various agents for reducing the synthesis and/or for antagonizing the effects of IL-1 have been proposed, the recent cloning of a naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) has opened new experimental and clinical approaches. The ability of this IL-1ra to block the triggering of IL-1 receptors in animals without agonist effects has reduced the severity of diseases such as hemodynamic shock, lethal sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, experimental arthritis, and the spontaneous proliferation of human leukemic cells.     

甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因比较分析

目的分析泰安市2008～2009年度季节性流感与2009年度甲型H1N1流感病原学检测结果 ,比较季节性H1N1与甲型H1N1血凝素基因变异情况。方法选择国家级流感监测哨点医院以及暴发疫情的疫点,采集流感样病例的鼻咽拭子标本,通过RealtimePCR进行病毒检测,用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,通过RT-PCR扩增血凝素HA1片段的基因并测序,利用生物信息学进行序列分析。结果 2008～2009年共检测鼻咽拭子标本283份,分离出流感病毒33株,分离阳性率为11.67%,其中季节性H1N1亚型31株。2009年5月1日～12月31日,检测鼻咽拭子标本996份,流感核酸检测阳性417份,阳性率为41.86%,其中甲型H1N1337份,季节性H1N1亚型1份。6株季节性H1N1病毒均在多个氨基酸位点上发生变异,与疫苗株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)比较,有11个位点发生了突变,其中5个位点位于抗原决定簇上;测序成功的6株甲型H1N1病毒在多个氨基酸位点发生变异,与疫苗株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)比较,有6个位点发生突变,其中1个位点位于抗原决定簇的B区。结论 2008～2009年度季节性H1N1为优势株,甲流暴发后,甲型H1N1成为绝对优势毒株。季节性H1N1分离株有多处氨基酸替换,抗原决定簇B区变异频繁;甲型H1N1病毒分离株的基因有变异,但关键位点第222位仍为D(天冬氨酸),与疫苗株相比抗原决定簇的关键位点变化不大。     

Trib1 and Evi1 cooperate with Hoxa and Meis1 in myeloid leukemogenesis

Cooperative activation of Meis1 and Hoxa9 perturbs myeloid differentiation and eventually leads myeloid progenitors to leukemia, yet it remains to be clarified what kinds of subsequent molecular processes are required for development of overt leukemia. To understand the molecular pathway in Hoxa9/Meis1-induced leukemogenesis, retroviral insertional mutagenesis was applied using retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The mice that received Hoxa9/Meis1-transduced bone marrow cells developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and Trib1, Evi1, Ahi1, Raralpha, Pitpnb, and AK039950 were identified as candidate cooperative genes located near common retroviral integration sites. Trib1 and Evi1 were up-regulated due to retroviral insertions, and coexpression of these genes significantly accelerated the onset of Hoxa9/Meis1-induced AML, suggesting that Trib1 and Evi1 are the key collaborators. Furthermore, Trib1 by itself is a novel myeloid oncogene, enhancing phosphorylation of ERK, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis. These results demonstrate the importance of specific oncogene interaction in myeloid leukemogenesis.     

GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis

OBJECTIVE: In this study we have analyzed GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), to investigate a possible role of these genes as genetic components of the disease. METHODS: A total of 103 individuals (49 oligoarticular, 41 polyarticular and 13 systemic) were analyzed for the three polymorphisms, using a PCR/RFLP methodology. RESULTS: We have observed significantly increased frequencies of individuals with GSTT1 null genotype in JIA patients comparing to controls (37% x 21%; p=0.0183). There was a 2-fold increased risk (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1) associating the disease with the GSTT1 null genotype. Considering the subgroups (oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic), the results indicated an association between polyarticular and systemic patients and the GSTT1 null genotype. There was a 2-fold increased risk for polyarticular patients (OR 2.4, 95%, CI 1.1-5.4), and a 4-fold increased risk for systemic patients (OR 4.4, 95%, 1.3-14.5). CONCLUSION: The GSTT1 null genotype seems to be involved in polyarticular and systemic JIA.     

Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 genotypes and rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP on risk and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Korean population. METHODS: A total of 258 patients with RA and 400 disease-free controls were enrolled. GST genotypes were determined by RFLP-PCR. HLA-DRB 1 typing and further subtyping of all alleles was performed using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization after PCR. Severity of RA among cases was assessed by Steinbrocker anatomical stage. Risk was assessed by calculating the age and sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The OR for risk of RA with the GSTM1-null genotype was 1.40 (95% CI 1.02- 1.92, p = 0.04), and 1.86 (95% CI 1.12- 3.09, p = 0.005) among individuals without the shared epitope (SE). Among patients with RA, the OR for risk of severe RA for the GSTM1-null genotype was 2.45 (95% CI 1.04- 5.77, p = 0.02). No association was observed between the GSTT1 or GSTP1 genotypes and either risk or severity of RA. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 is associated with increased susceptibility for RA, particularly among individuals who are not carriers of the HLA-DRB 1 SE.