口腔鳞状细胞乳头状瘤组织中HPV DNA的原位杂交研究

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒（ｈｕｍａｎ ｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍａｖｉｒｕｓ，ＨＰＶ）感染与口腔鳞状细胞乳头状瘤（ｓｑｕａｍｏｕｓ ｃｅｌｌ ｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍａ，ＳＣＰ）的发生之间的关系。方法 应用地高辛标记的ＨＰＶ６／１１和ＨＰＶ１６／１８核酸探针分别在３０例口腔ＳＣＰ组织上进行原位杂交，检测口腔ＳＣＰ组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的特征。结果 ＨＰＶ６／１１ ＤＮＡ阳性１６例（５３％），ＨＰＶ１６／１８ＤＮＡ未检出，ＨＰＶ６／１１ＤＮＡ阳性细胞多数分布在鳞状上皮的表层、中层和基底层。结论 原位杂交方法可以检测口腔ＳＣＰ组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的存在并能准确组织定位，进一步支持ＨＰＶ６／１感染与口腔ＳＣＰ的发生密切相关。     

口腔鳞癌中人乳头瘤病毒的研究

为了探讨人乳头瘤病毒（ｈｕｍａｎｐａｐｉｌｏｍａｖｉｒｕｓ，ＨＰＶ）１６、１８型及其与癌的关系，作者采用聚合酶链反应（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ＰＣＲ）技术，检测２３例口腔鳞状细胞癌（ｏｒａｌｓｑｕａｍｏｕｓｃｅｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＯＳＣＣ），正常口腔粘膜（ｎｏｒｍａｌｏｒａｌｍｕｃｏｓａ，ＮＯＭ）中的ＨＰＶ１６型和１８型ＤＮＡ中的Ｅ６、Ｅ７基因片段，并对其ＰＣＲ产物进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交分析，以研究ＨＰＶ与ＯＳＣＣ的关系。结果显示：ＯＳＣＣ中ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性率４７．８％（１１／２３），其中ＨＰＶ１６型６例，ＨＰＶ８型３例，ＨＰＶ１６和１８型复合感染２例，ＮＯＭ中ＨＰＶ阳性率２０％（２／１０），２例阳性者，均为ＨＰＶ１６型。研究结果提示：高危型ＨＰＶ与口腔鳞癌可能有关，二者的确切关系尚需进一步研究。但ＨＰＶ致癌基因Ｅ６、Ｅ７片段在口腔鳞癌中的检出，为鳞癌的病因研究开辟了新的前景     

人乳头瘤病毒16型在口腔癌及癌旁组织中的存在状态

采用斑点杂交和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交检测２５例口腔鳞癌及其相应癌旁组织中的人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）１６型ＤＮＡ，口腔癌ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ的阳性率为２４．０％（６／２５），癌旁组织为８．０％（２／２５）。经ＢａｍＨＩ、ＰｓｔＩ酶切杂交后出现的阳性区带显示ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ在口腔癌及癌旁组织中均以游离状态存在。作者推测ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ在口腔癌的致癌机理中可能作为一个协作因子发生作用。     

人乳瘤病毒16型和EB病毒感染与口腔鳞癌关系

用多聚酶链反应技术为２１例口腔鳞癌及癌旁正常组织成对标本中的人乳头瘤病毒１６型（ＨＰＶ１６）和ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）ＤＮＡ作检测。结果口腔鳞癌和癌旁正常组织ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为５２．４％和１４．３％，ＥＢＶ为８５．７％和３３．３％，ＨＰＶ１６和ＥＢＶ均为阳性者分别为４７．６％和９．５％，癌组织和癌旁正常组织间统计学上均有显著性差异。提示口腔粘膜ＨＰＶ１６或ＥＢＶ感染均与口腔鳞癌发生有关。ＨＰＶ１６和ＥＢＶ在口腔粘膜感染可能有协同致口腔鳞癌作用。     

多聚酶链反应研究人乳头瘤病毒感染和口腔鳞状细胞癌及癌变白斑的关系

建立了一种简并引物ＰＣＲ技术扩增多型人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）ＤＮＡ的方法，本方法至少可以特异地扩增ＨＰＶ６，１１，１６，１８及３３。将其用于扩增福尔马林固定石蜡包埋口腔鳞状细胞癌及癌变白斑组织中的ＨＰＶｓＤＮＡ，其阳性例数分别为２２／３０，２３／３０例。本研究表明ＨＰＶ极可能参与了口腔鳞状细胞癌和癌变白斑的癌发生。     

多聚酶链反应研究人乳头瘤病毒感染和口腔鳞状细…

建立了一种简并引物ＰＣＲ技术扩增多型人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）ＤＮＡ的方法，本方法至少可以特异地扩增ＨＰＶ６，１１，１６，１８及３３。将其用于扩增福尔马林固定石蜡包埋口腔鳞状细胞癌及癌变白斑组织中的ＨＰＶｓＤＮＡ，其阳性例数分别为２２／３０，２３／３０例。本研究表明ＨＰＶ极可能参与了口腔鳞状细胞癌和癌变白斑的癌发生。     

人乳头瘤病毒,疱疹病毒I型及人巨细胞病毒与口腔鳞癌关系的研究

目的：研究口腔鳞癌与人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）、孢疹病毒Ｉ型（ＨＳＶ－Ｉ）和人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）的关系。方法：采用斑点杂交和ＰＣＢ技术检验３２例口腔鳞癌、１４例口腔白斑和１０例正常口腔粘膜中ＨＰＶ１６、ＨＳＶ－Ｉ及ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ。结果：在正常口腔粘膜、白斑及口腔鳞癌中ＨＰＶ１６、ＨＳＶ－１及ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ感染率分别为０％、３５．７％、５０．０％、４０．０％、５０．０％、４３．３％和０％、１４．３％、２８．１％,口腔鳞癌及白斑组织中ＨＰＶ１６－ＤＮＡ的检出率均高于正常口腔,且差别具有显著性（ｐ〈０．０５）;但ＨＳＶ－Ｉ和ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ在口腔疾患中的检出率与正常比较无显著差别（ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＨＰＶ１６感染与口腔鳞癌的发生相关;ＨＳＶ－Ｉ和ＨＣＭＶ可能参予口腔鳞癌的发生及发展,并且与ＨＰＶ１６有协同致癌的作用     

口腔癌中人乳头瘤病毒16型和Ha-ras癌基因点突变的研究

目的 检验口腔癌中的人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）１６型ＤＮＡ和Ｈａ－ｒａｒ癌基因的点突变,探讨ＨＰＶ１６型和Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因的点突变与口腔癌之间的关系。方法 应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术扩增ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ和Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因相关片段,分别采用２％琼脂糖凝胶电泳和限制性片段长度多态性分析（ＲＦＬＰ）检测口腔癌中的ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ和Ｈａ－ｒａｓ癌基因第１２位密码子的点突变,结果 在１７例口腔癌组中,６     

口腔疣状癌中人乳头瘤病毒感染

本研究采用聚合酶链反应技术（ＰＣＲ），利用人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）公共引物及ＨＰＶ１６型特异引物分析了１２例口腔疣状癌中ＨＰＶ的感染．结果表明９／１２例公共引物ＰＣＲ呈ＨＰＶ相关序列阳性；４／１３例ＨＰＶ１６特异性引物ＰＣＲ结果阳性，说明ＨＰＶ参与了口腔疣状癌的发生     

口腔鳞癌中HPV感染及其对p5 3改变影响的研究

目的：探讨高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）在口腔鳞癌中的感染情况及其对Ｐ５３蛋白表达和ｐ５３突变的影响。方法：采用免疫组化和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法，分别检测４０例来癌中高危型ＨＰＶＥ６蛋白表达、Ｐ５３蛋白表达和ｐ５３基因突变的情况。结果：９例ＨＰＶＥ６蛋白染色阳性，阳性率２２．５％（９／４０），与正常粘膜对照组有显著差异（Ｐ＝０．０２１）。ＨＰＶ阳性组中Ｐ５３蛋白表达率１１．１％（１／９），ＨＰＶ阴性     

High risk human papillomavirus in oral squamous carcinoma: evidence of risk factors in a Venezuelan rural population. Preliminary report

In a search for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and some etiologic cofactors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 50 women diagnosed as OSCC were analyzed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. This study revealed that 60% (30/50) of the OSCC patients were positive for HPV-DNA sequences. This group was analyzed according to smoking, alcohol consumption, number of pregnancies, poor oral health and low social economic status. The current results indicate an increased incidence of HPV malignant types in the oral cavity in women with OSCC. Also, they support a multifactorial model of oral cancer causation.     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in benign oral squamous epithelial lesions in Venezuela

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in biopsies taken from clinically normal oral mucosa of 20 subjects and clinical lesions of 40 patients. PCR for HPV-DNA amplification was performed using consensus primers MYO9/MYO11 and subsequent typing for HPV of high and low oncogenic risk HPV types were identified by restriction enzyme analysis (restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP). The HPV viral genome was present in 55% (22/40) of the oral benign lesions (OBL) and in 10% (2/20) of the control samples. In the PCR+ OBL, we observed 90.9% of low oncogenic risk types (HPV-6 -13 and -32) and 9.1% of the samples had a mixed infection with low and high oncogenic types (HPV-6 and -16). In the control samples, we observed one patient with HPV-6 and another with HPV-6 and -16 in the same sample. All of the eight focal epithelial hyperplasia cases were positive for low risk HPV types (88% HPV-13 and 12.5% HPV-32). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a high incidence of HPV in oral benign lesions from Venezuelan patients.     

Detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus DNA in samples from healthy Sardinian patients: a preliminary study

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in the development of different benign and malignant lesions that include in particular squamous tumours of the cervix, skin and the respiratory tracts. In particular, the 'high risk' HPV type 16 (HPV 16) causes genito-rectal epithelial cancers and is suspected of causing epithelial cancers of the head and neck. To determine the presence and genotypes of HPV was determined in saliva samples from 164 subjects recruited from the Department of Surgery and Odontostomatological Sciences (University of Cagliari). For this study a sensitive seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect HPV-DNA; moreover in all positive samples, HPV genotyping was based on sequencing of the HPV genome L1 region. The results obtained with these patients (who were ethnically homogeneous), showed an interesting percentage of positive samples for HPV-DNA (30 samples out of 164-18.3%). Only two HPV genotypes have been identified in these patients, HPV 16 and HPV 31 with 76.7% and 23.3% of the positive specimens, respectively, both correlating with high carcinogenic risk. This preliminary result leads us to reflect on the presence of HPV in saliva, in particular in young asymptomatic subjects (15.38%), and its prognostic value for the possible incidence in Sardinia of oral carcinoma.     

Flow cytometric S-phase fraction contributes to diagnosis of diploid malignant salivary gland tumours

DNA ploidy studies on salivary gland tumours have shown that the proportion of aneuploid cases, although confined to the malignant entities, is considerably lower than for other solid malignancies. To analyse whether the S-phase fraction (SPF) may contribute to discrimination of diploid malignant from benign tumours, DNA flow cytometric data from 45 different malignant salivary gland tumours was compared with that of 121 pleomorphic adenomas. All benign tumours were diploid. Twelve malignant tumours contained aneuploid cell populations. The SPF values for diploid malignancies ranged between 0.9% and 11.0% (mean 3.9%), and between 0.5% and 7.9% (mean 2.7%) for pleomorphic adenomas. A 4% cut-off value gained statistical significance for discriminating diploid malignant tumours from pleomorphic adenomas (P<0.01). The sensitivity for SPF>4% was 46% and the positive predictive value was 40%. A sensitivity of 60% and a positive predictive value of 54% was achieved by combining aneuploidy and SPF>4%. These results show that DNA flow cytometry may contribute to diagnostic assessment in salivary gland tumours.     

Intraoral minor salivary gland neoplasms: review of 213 cases.

PURPOSE: Minor salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with great histomorphologic variation. This study reviews a large series of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors of the oral region and determines the incidence and the correlation of the histopathologic features with the clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred thirteen cases of MSGT were retrospectively studied. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides were examined in all cases. Special stains and immunohistochemical stains were used in selected cases. Clinical characteristics of the neoplasms were also noted. RESULTS: One hundred nineteen tumors were benign (56%), and 94 tumors were malignant (44%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor (93 of 119). Canalicular adenoma was the second most common benign MSGT in our series (25 of 119). Of the 94 malignant MSGTs, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (45 of 94), adenoid cystic carcinoma (22 of 94), and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (18 of 94) were the most common. Most MECs (34 of 45) were low-grade lesions. Of 5 central MECs, 3 cases occurred in the maxilla and 2 cases arose in the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: Benign intraoral MSGTs are slightly more common than malignant MSGTs. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common MSGT, and MEC is the most common malignant variety. The palate is the most common site for minor gland neoplasms. Benign labial salivary gland neoplasms are more common in the upper lip, and malignant labial tumors are more common in the lower lip.     

颅颌面联合切除术治疗颌面部晚期恶性肿瘤

目的 研究颅颌面联合切除术治疗晚期恶性的临床意义。方法 对１９７８年６月至１９９７年１２月的２０年间在我科行颅颌面联合切除术的４６例患者进行评价。切除颅骨范围 ：颅前窝、颅中窝、有窝和颅中窦联合切除，其中１８便同时行眶内的摘除，１４例有硬脑膜侵犯，行局部硬脑切除术。结果 ３年与５年生存率分别为４８．８％和３５．１％，１０年生存率为２０．０％。结论对晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤患者行颅颌面联合切除术具有一定的     

Human papillomavirus and Epstein Barr virus in oral hairy leukoplakia among HIV positive Venezuelan patients

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is commonly found in individuals infected with HIV and represents the most frequent oral manifestation. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) in OHL of HIV+ Venezuelan patients. We evaluated 21 HIV+ adult patients with clinically present OHL lesions: 11 under antiretroviral therapy, 10 without therapy, and 10 oral mucosal samples as controls. Nested-PCR was used to detect EBV and HPV infection. The INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping v2 was applied to determine the HPV genotype. The EBV genome was found in 16/21 (76%) of the HIV+ patients with OHL. No difference was observed in EBV+ and EBV- patients related to antiretroviral therapy viral load and CD4+ Tcell coant. HPV-DNA was observed in 7/21 HIV positive cases (33%). The HPV genotypes detected were: 6, 11, 31, 33, 52, and 56/74. The most frequently HPV found was genotype 6 in 7/7, while two cases were HPV-11 and two HPV-52. Of the positive cases, 5/7 (71%) presented co-infection with more than one HPV genotype and 4/7 (57%) had HPV coinfection with high and low risk types. No case was EBV or HPV positive in the control group. In this study, a higher EBV prevalence was observed in OHL-HIV+ patients, confirming the etiologic role in this entity. A considerable number of cases were positive for HPV infection, and many patients presented coinfection with more than one HPV genotype as well as the presence of high oncogenic risk HPV in OHL.     

Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the nasal and oral cavities

Mishima K, Matsuoka H, Yamada E, Yoshikawa T, Shiotani H, Takayama K, Kirita T, Yamamoto K, Sugimura M, Ichijima K: Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the nasal and oral cavities. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 43–7. © Munksgaard, 1998.
Difficulties are often encountered in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the oral and nasal cavities by histology and immunohistochemistry because these malignancies may be complicated by inflammation and necrosis. In the present study, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 18 patients; the advantages of this method were evaluated. Twelve of these patients were diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma and six had tumors highly suggestive of malignant lymphoma. Fourteen (78%) of the 18 cases were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma histologically and immunohistochemically. Sixteen (89%) of the 18 cases were shown to be monoclonal by PCR. The four cases that could not be histologically or immunohistochemically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma showed monoclonal gene rearrangement by PCR. As a result, six patients suspected of having a malignant lymphoma were diagnosed as having one. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by PCR alone still has various problems. However, when the results of PCR are evaluated together with histopathological and immunohisto-chemical results, PCR makes a useful contribution to the diagnosis of malignant lymphomas of the nasal and oral cavities.     

Tumors of the intraoral minor salivary glands: a demographic and histologic study of 426 cases

In a demographic and histologic study of 426 oral minor salivary gland tumors, 57.5% were classified as benign and 42.5% were classified as malignant or potentially malignant. There was an overall female preponderance (1.59/1). The mean age for females was 53.1 years and for males was 50.6 years. The mean age for patients with malignant tumors was 5.4 years greater than for patients with benign tumors and was statistically significant. The palate was the most common site for oral minor salivary gland tumors followed by the upper lip and the buccal mucosa. These three sites accounted for 76.1% of all cases. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor (41% of all cases and 71% of benign tumors) followed by monomorphic adenoma of the canalicular and basal cell subtypes (10% of all tumors and 18.9% of benign lesions). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most commonly encountered malignant tumor, accounting for 15.2% of all tumors and 35.9% of malignant lesions. Low-grade (terminal duct, lobular, polymorphous) adenocarcinoma was the most second most common type, making up 11% of all tumors and 26.4% of all malignant tumors. The results of this study are compared with other recent studies.     

Study of human papillomavirus in oral epithelial dysplasia and epidermoid carcinoma in the absence of tobacco and alcohol use

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are implicated in the etiology of benign and malignant mucosal lesions in both human beings and animals. The oncogenic role of HPV in malignant cervical lesions is well supported by DNA hybridization techniques and epidemiologic studies. However, the role of HPV in oral epithelial dysplasia and epidermoid carcinoma remains speculative. In this study the in situ hybridization technique was used to detect HPV genotypes 6 and 11; 16 and 18; and 31, 33, and 35 in tissue specimens from a study group consisting of 18 patients who were non-tobacco users, or non-tobacco and non-alcohol users, in whom oral epithelial dysplasia and epidermoid carcinoma developed. The hybridization findings were compared with those of a comparable control group of patients with similar lesions who had a history of tobacco and alcohol use. None of the study group cases was reactive with any of the DNA probes. Two cases of the control group showed positive hybridization with HPV DNA probe types 6/11 and 16/18. The implications of these findings are presented and discussed in an attempt to clarify the role of HPV in HPV-associated oral epidermoid carcinomas.