PlasmaKinetic Superpulse transurethral resection versus conventional transurethral resection of prostate

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of the PlasmaKinetic (PK) Superpulse system with that of conventional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in terms of restoration of urinary flow and early postoperative course. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred five men older than 45 years with lower-urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were randomized, 51 undergoing standard TURP with glycine as the irrigation fluid and 53 TURP with the PK Superpulse system with normal saline as irrigant. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, catheter time, change in serum electrolytes (particularly sodium), and uroflowmetry and American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Scores were compared. RESULTS: The blood loss as well as the catheter time observed in the PK Superpulse arm were significantly less than those in the conventional-TURP arm. The mortality rate was 0 in both the arms. The mean operative time was less in the PK Superpulse arm, although not significantly so. Hyponatremia was statistically insignificant. Significant changes were observed in the AUA Scores in both arms. CONCLUSION: The PK Superpulse system provides faster removal of tissue in a bloodless field with better views and a safer environment of saline irrigation with efficacy comparable to that of conventional TURP. However, further randomized trials with extended follow-up may be needed to better define the role of the PK Superpulse system in treating patients with symptomatic BPH.     

Ambulatory transurethral resection of the prostate

Despite the plethora of new treatment modalities for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, conventional transurethral resection of the prostate remains the most effective procedure in terms of patient satisfaction and urodynamic improvement. Traditional nursing and surgical techniques have dictated that it requires an inpatient hospital stay. This pilot study looks at the feasibility of performing the operation as a day-case procedure on a group of selected patients.     

经尿道等离子体双极前列腺电切术与经尿道前列腺电切术的疗效比较研究

目的:对比研究经尿道等离子体双极电切术(transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate,PKRP)及经尿道前列腺电切术(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)的安全性与临床疗效。方法:纳入2010年3月至2012年9月78例有下尿路症状(lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)的良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者,按1:1的比例随机分为两组,一组行PKRP(PKRP组),另一组行TURP(TURP组)。对比两组患者术前、术后(1个月、12个月)国际前列腺症状评分(international prostate symptom scores,IPSS)、最大尿流率(maximum flow-rate,Qmax)、生活质量(quality of life,QOL)、残余尿量(postvoid residual volume,PVR),围手术期基本情况,如手术时间、留置导尿管时间、膀胱冲洗量、住院时间;并发症发生率,如经尿道电切综合征(transurethral resection syndrome,TURS)、输血、尿潴留、尿道狭窄等。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中与术后冲洗液量、术后膀胱冲洗时间、包膜穿孔、尿道损伤、输血、尿潴留、二次手术、尿道狭窄发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PKRP组留置导尿管时间、住院时间明显少于TURP组。PKRP组无一例发生TURS,TURP组中6例患者发生TURS(P<0.05)。术后1个月、12个月两组患者IPSS、Qmax、QOL、PVR差异均无统计学意义,但两组患者IPSS评分均较术前显著下降,Qmax显著增高,PVR显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:PKRP与TURP具有相同的治疗效果,相较TURP,PKRP具有更短的留置导尿管时间、住院时间,发生TURS的风险更低;因此,PKRP是可供选择的前景良好的治疗BPH的微创术式。     

Systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate

PURPOSE: With the aim of evaluating the clinical significance of systematic prostate biopsy before transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P), clinical data were reviewed retrospectively in patients who had underwent prostate biopsy prior to scheduled TUR-P. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July, 1994 and June, 2000, TUR-P was scheduled in a total number of 456 patients with clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RESULTS: In 218 (47.8%) out of 456 cases, prostatic biopsy was conducted prior to TUR-P due to abnormally elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0 ng/ml or more, revealing only 22 (10.1%) cases of prostatic cancer. Between these 22 cases with biopsy proven prostatic cancer and 189 cases with BPH confirmed both by biopsy and following TUR-P, statistically significant differences were noted in age (p < 0.05), prostate volume (p < 0.0001) and PSA density (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Considering the low positive rate of preoperative prostatic biopsy, it might be suggested that a considerable number of biopsy could be avoided in patients with clinically diagnosed BPH. Based on the results obtained from this study, prostatic biopsy might be unnecessary before TUR-P for those with prostate volume greater than 60 ml or PSA density less than 0.15.     

Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate

A series of 632 patients undergoing one or more transurethral resections of the prostate gland at Wesley Pavilion of Northwestern Memorial Hospital is presented. Group characteristics, associated illnesses, and complications are reviewed and compared to an equally sized group of patients undergoing transurethral prostatic resection at the same hospital some twenty years earlier. This study has shown improvement in incidence of several complications, especially those related to infection and pyelonephritis, and urinary incontinence. Mortality rate has improved significantly and is likely due in great part to more comprehensive care of cardiovascular complications and control of infection. One can perhaps anticipate even further improvements in technique and results with the development of reliable fiberoptic instruments and improved lens systems which have been introduced to our institution since the period of time covered by this review.     

Hyponatraemia following transurethral resection of the prostate

In a prospective study of 100 patients undergoing transurethral resection, changes in serum sodium were estimated during the per-operative and post-operative periods. The weight of prostate resected and the volume of irrigant fluid used influenced the changes in serum sodium. In 93 patients these changes were not statistically significant. In only seven patients were significant falls in serum sodium recorded, in one case to a level of 103 mmol/l. All seven exhibited the clinical features of the transurethral syndrome and there was one post-operative death which we attributed to it. The TUR syndrome undoubtedly exists and its incidence in this series was 7%. Its pathogenesis and clinical management are discussed.     

经尿道前列腺电切术止血方法的体会

为探讨经尿道前列腺电切术的止血方法，对采用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗前列腺增生症５５０例进行总结。手术时间３０～８０分钟，平均４０分钟。术中输血１８５例，输血量２００～１２００ｍｌ，平均每例输血２５２ｍｌ。术后继发出血５例。手术初期有７例切穿前列腺包膜、切破静脉窦大出血。认为防止术中术后大出血的关键是沿前列腺外科包膜切除、避免切穿外科包膜。术中保留一小部分膀胱粘膜，有助于减少手术出血     

Hyponatraemia after transurethral resection of the prostate

Transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome is a complication of transurethral resection of the prostate characterized by bradycardia, hypotension and postoperative confusional state, which is generally attributed to hyponatraemia occurring during or immediately after operation. In a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate, changes in serum sodium were estimated before and after operation and correlated with various parameters including weight of prostate resected, volume of irrigant fluid and resection time. Seven patients showed a significant drop (greater than 10 mmol/litre) in serum sodium: two of these had the clinical features of TUR syndrome and one of them died. The pathogenesis and management of this syndrome are discussed.     

Hyponatremia during transurethral resection of the prostate

In a retrospective study of 222 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anesthesia, plasma sodium levels during the operation were examined. The weight of prostate resected, the volume of irrigating fluid used and the duration of the operative procedure influenced the changes in plasma sodium levels. But, these changes were not statistically significant. The rise in central venous pressure values was associated with the absorption of irrigating fluid as evidenced by a drop in plasma sodium. The central venous pressure was monitored in 77 patients. There was a statistically significant correlation between the degree of hyponatremia and the rise in central venous pressure (P less than 0.001). The rise in central venous pressure reflected a change in the patient's cardiovascular status and it was, therefore, possible to treat the hyponatremia quickly and effectively. Central venous pressure monitoring is helpful in determining hyponatremia before it becomes clinically manifest.     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术与普通电切术中失血量比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术与普通电切术中失血量。方法自2007年10月至2008年3月,收治的30例BPH患者行经尿道等离子双极电切（PKRP）;自2008年4月至7月,收治的30例BPH患者行普通电切（TURP）。分析这60例患者的临床资料。PKRP组年龄（74．2±7．0）岁,前列腺体积（49．3±33．1）ml;TURP组年龄（73．2±7．2）岁,前列腺体积（51．1±23．2）ml。收集术中所有冲洗液,测冲洗液体积,混匀后精确测血红蛋白浓度。结果PKRP组手术时间（111．3±42．5）min,切除前列腺组织重量（20．1±14．3）g,失血量（86．3±79．9）ml,每克前列腺组织平均失血量（3．7±1．9）ml／g;TURP组手术时间（108．0±42．2）min,切除前列腺组织重量（23．6±13．1）g,失血量（201．8±178．7）ml,每克前列腺组织平均失血量（8．3±6．1）ml／g。PKRP组和TURP组手术时间及切除前列腺组织重量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PKRP组术中失血量少于TURP组（P〈0．01）。PKRP组每克前列腺组织平均失血量少于TURP组（P〈0．01）。结论经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术中失血量少于普通电协。     

经尿道前列腺电切术与汽化切除术的并发症分析

目的 分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道前列腺汽化切除术（TVP）术中、术后常见并发症，进一步提高手术安全性和有效性。方法 回顾分析经尿道前列腺切除术4156例，其中TURP1056例，TVP3100例。比较2组患者术中、术后早期和远期并发症的发生率。结果 TURP与TVP平均手术时间分别为62min和54min，平均切除组织21．2g和36．7g。因术中出血而需输血者分别为14．1％和0．2％（P〈0．01），电切综合征（TURS）2．7％和0．9％（P〈0．01），包膜穿孔尿外渗3．7％和0．8％，术后出血2．2％和0．2％，尿路感染4．0％和5．7％，尿道狭窄2．5％和2．8％，膀胱颈部挛缩2．2％和2．1％，勃起功能障碍7．0％和2．3％（P〈0．01），逆行射精为45．0％和45．6％，永久性尿失禁各1例。结论 TURP与TVP均为良性前列腺增生安全而有效的外科治疗方法。但TURP术中出血、TURS、包膜穿孔尿外渗、术后出血、勃起障碍发生率明显高于TVP，而TVP尿道狭窄和膀胱刺激症状发生率略高于TURP组。     

剥离式经尿道前列腺切除术与经尿道前列腺电切术治疗良性前列腺增生的比较研究

目的:比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)与使用专用前列腺增生腺体剥离器行剥离式经尿道前列腺切除术(剥离式TURP,TUERP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的疗效与安全性。方法:BPH患者630例,均具备手术指征,随机分为TURP组(305例)和剥离式TURP组(325例)。术前两组年龄、前列腺体积、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)数值比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。记录两组手术时间、手术切除率、术后需要持续膀胱冲洗时间、术后生活质量评分(QOL)、手术并发症数据,进行统计学分析。结果:手术后的资料分析显示,TUERP手术切除率优于TURP组的手术切除率[(60.1±12.3)%vs(47.0±13.3)%,P0.05)];TUERP组平均手术时间比TURP组短[(40.4±14.2)min vs(57.9±15.9)min,P0.05];术后冲洗时间较短[(2.2±1.1)d vs(2.7±0.6)d,P0.05]。TUERP组手术前后血清Na+和血红蛋白浓度变化无统计学意义,TURP组血清Na+和血红蛋白浓度变化有统计学意义[血Na+:(141.2±3.5)mmol/L vs(136.9±4.7)mmol/L,P0.01,血红蛋白:(137.6±8.8)g/L vs(124.8±9.6)g/L,P0.01]。术后3个月,两组的IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax评分均较术前有显著改善(P均0.01),组间比较无显著性差异。(P0.05)。结论:剥离式TURP治疗BPH和TURP比较,具有手术时间短、手术切除率高、术中出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,在临床上有良好的应用前景。     

三种经尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的比较良性前列腺增生（BPH）的三种经尿道手术治疗效果。方法分别采用经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）、经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术（PKRP）和经尿道铥激光前列腺切除术（TmLRP）治疗BPH共137例。结果三种术式患者手术前后前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOLs）、残余尿（RUV）、最大尿流率（Qmax）比较均得到显著改善（P〈0．01），疗效满意。前列腺重量（PW）〈40g时，TmLRP组手术时间明显短于PKRP和TURP组（P〈0．01）。PW〉50g时，TmLRP组手术时间明显长于PKRP和TURP组（P〈0．01）。TmLRP和PKRP组术中出血少，术后膀胱冲洗时间、留管时间及住院时间均短于TURP组（P〈0．01）。站论三种经尿道手术方法均是治疗BPH的有效手段，TmLRP和PKRP比TURP更安全，术中及术后并发症更少。     

The results of transurethral resection of the prostate

The results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) performed on 465 clinical cases diagnosed as benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostatic carcinoma at our Hospital during the recent seven years are reported. Various factors which seem to influence the results of TUR-P were reviewed.