从腹部外科视角探讨食管胃结合部腺癌的外科进展与争议

食管胃结合部腺癌( adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)通常指的是接触或跨越食管胃结合部( esophagogastric junction,EGJ)的腺癌.过去30年,AEG的发病率显著升高,引起了包括腹部外科、胸外科医师的广泛关注.日本国立癌症中心的数据表明...     

食管胃交界部腺癌诊断治疗的研究进展

<正>食管胃交界部(esophagogastric junction,EGJ)是连接食管远端与胃近端的区域,食管胃交界部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)即指发生     

食管胃结合部腺癌的研究进展

食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG)作为一类不同于食管癌和胃癌的独立疾病的临床观点,已为多数学者所接受。Siewert分型是目前最科学的方法;胃食管反流、Barrett食管和Hp感染是其发病的重要因素。对于Ⅰ型AEG患者多采用经胸手术,经膈肌裂孔食管切除术路径也显示出一定优势;而Ⅱ、Ⅲ型AEG多采用经腹路径手术并推荐行全胃切除。腔镜手术、内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)、新辅助治疗和靶向治疗等治疗方法和理念也在AEG诊治中逐渐发挥着重要作用。     

食管胃交界部腺癌新分期的解读及综合治疗新模式

全球范围内,食管鳞癌及远端胃癌的发病率呈现下降趋势,而食管下段腺癌、食管胃交界部（esophagogastric junction,EGJ）癌、近端胃腺癌发病率呈现快速上升的趋势[1].由于食管胃交界部腺癌（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）的临床特征既有别于食管癌又不同于胃癌,但其肿瘤生物学行为则同时具有两者的特征.因此,如何诊治AEG是当今肿瘤学的巨大挑战.     

内镜下切除技术对食管胃连接部胃肠间质瘤的治疗价值

目的评价以内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）为基础的内镜下切除术在食管胃连接部（EGJ）胃肠间质瘤（GIST）治疗中的安全性及有效性。方法收集复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心所有接受ESD治疗的患者资料．筛选出2007年11月至2011年6月间经病理证实的EGJ处GIST患者20例．总结并分析其临床病理及术后随访资料。结果20例EGJ处GIST均起源于固有肌层,其中男性11例,女性9例,年龄29～67（平均54．1）岁,病灶直径8-20（平均14．8）mm。所有病例均成功完成内镜切除手术．其中15例接受了内镜黏膜下挖除术．4例接受了无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术。1例接受了内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术。手术时间15-90（平均47．8）min,术中出血量5-200ml,病灶的完整切除率为100％。术中穿孔4例,气腹3例,气胸1例,贲门黏膜撕裂1例,均通过内镜下处理及保守治疗恢复。20例患者术后均接受了3-36（平均13-2）个月的随访,无局部复发和远处转移病例。结论在EGJ处GIST的治疗中,以ESD为基础的内镜下切除技术是一种安全和有效的治疗手段。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃食管交界部早期癌的价值

目的 评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗胃食管交界部早期癌(高级别上皮内瘤变和黏膜内癌)的价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年11月至2011年3月复旦大学附属中山医院行ESD治疗的57例胃食管交界部早期癌患者的临床资料,观察患者手术时间、出血量、肿瘤切除情况及围手术期并发症,分析手术前后病理检查结果.结果 57例患者顺利完成了ESD,中位手术时间为55 min(25～95 min),中位出血量为74 ml(20～300 ml).其中39例患者整块切除肿瘤、18例患者分块切除肿瘤.术中并发症发生率为25%(14/57),其中穿孔5例、出血9例.术后并发症发生率为16%(9/57),其中迟发性出血6例、胃食管交界部狭窄3例.术前活组织病理检查提示为高级别上皮内瘤变的39例患者中,有3例术后病理检查确诊为黏膜内癌;术前活组织病理检查提示为黏膜内癌的18例患者中,有4例术后病理检查确诊为腺癌.本组患者随访9～27个月,创面愈合良好,均无肿瘤复发、转移.结论 ESD治疗胃食管交界部早期癌安全、可靠,具有较好的疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the value of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for the treatment of early tumors located at the esophagogastric junction.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with early tumors located at the esophagogastric junction who received ESD at the Zhongshan Hospital from November 2006to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss,resection of tumor and perioperative complications were observed.The pre-and postoperative pathological findings were analyzed.Results ESD was successfully completed on the 57 patients.The median operation time was 55 minutes(range,25-95 minutes),and the median volume of blood loss was 74 ml(range,20-300 ml).En-bloc and piecemeal resections were carried out on 39 and 18 patients,respectively.The operative complication rate was 25%(14/57),including 5 patients complicated with perforation and 9 with bleeding.The postoperative complication rate was 16%(9/57),including 6 patients complicated with delayed hemorrhage and 3 with stricture of the esophagogastric junction.Of the 39 patients who were diagnosed as with high-level intraepithelial neoplasia preoperatively.3 were confirmed as with intramucosal carcinoma;of the 18 patients who were diagnosed as with intramucosal carcinoma preoperatively,4 were confirmed ag with adenocarcinoma.All patients were followed up for 9-27 months,no recurrence or metastasis was found.Conclusion ESD is effective and safe for the treatment of early tumors located at the esopha gogastric junction.     

SiewertⅡ型食管胃结合部腺癌的腔镜手术

外科手术是食管胃结合部腺癌（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）的主要治疗手段,但因其解剖所在位置和生物学行为的特殊性,其相关手术问题是肿瘤外科医生关注的热点话题,其中包括食管切缘距离。     

食管胃交界部腺癌的微创外科治疗

1987年,Siewert等[1]基于食管-胃交界部的解剖特点,认为远端食管癌和贲门癌属于同一种疾病,首次提出了食管胃交界部癌的概念.2000年,WHO肿瘤分类中将食管胃交界部腺癌（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）单独列出,并将其定义为骑跨于食管和胃交界部（esophagogastric junction,EGJ）的腺癌性病变,包括许多以前归入胃贲门癌的病例,但未界定其解剖位置和分型.     

空肠间置术在Siewert Ⅱ型食管胃结合部腺癌中的应用

正食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG)通常指食管胃结合部上下5 cm区域内的腺癌,按公认的Siewert标准分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,其中亚洲以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型多见。目前,外科手术仍是AEG的主要治疗手段,在努力提高手术根治效果和术后生存时间的同时,如何最大限度保留生理功能、改善术后生活质量是国内外学者关注的热点。食管-胃结合部骑跨胸腹腔,连接食管和胃,涉及胸外、胃肠等多     

SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌腹腔镜手术消化道重建方法的进展

正近年来,食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)发病率明显上升~([1,2]),SiewertⅠ型AEG位置较高,为胸外科手术范围。SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG的手术策略目前尚未达成共识,根据肿瘤范围手术方式分为近端胃切除术及全胃切除术~([3])。腹腔镜辅助治疗SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG因微创优势,在胃癌手术中应用逐渐增多~([4])。全腹     

胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤腹腔镜手术体会(附5例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2005年3月至2008年3月5例行腹腔镜手术的胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤患者的手术方式设计,术后定期随访。结果:平均手术时间(108±19.5)min,术中平均出血(65±11.7)ml;5例手术均获成功,无病灶遗漏,无贲门狭窄、腹腔感染、脾脏损伤、胃漏等并发症和中转手术;术后随访均未见肿瘤复发。结论:腹腔镜胃局部切除术治疗胃食管交界区黏膜下肿瘤安全、有效。     

食管胃交界部固有肌层来源黏膜下肿瘤内镜下切除方法的选择与评价

目的评价以内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）为基础的各种内镜切除技术在食管胃交界部（EGJ）固有肌层来源黏膜下肿瘤（SMT）治疗中的临床价值和适应证的选择。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院内镜中心所有接受内镜下切除治疗的患者资料库．筛选出2007年3月至2011年6月间经内镜下超声或CT证实固有肌层来源的EGJ处SMT患者143例。详细记录患者的临床病理资料、内镜切除方法、完整切除率、并发症发生率及术后随访资料。结果143例患者中男74例,女69例,平均年龄49．1岁。135例（94-4％）病变成功完成内镜下整块切除,其中接受内镜黏膜下挖除术126例,无腹腔镜辅助的内镜全层切除术6例,内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术3例：另外8例肿瘤于内镜下部分切除后,基底部尼龙绳套扎。肿瘤平均直径为17．6mm．平均手术时间45．1min．平均出血量50．0ml。术中穿孔6例,贲门黏膜撕裂1例。均通过内镜下处理及保守治疗好转。术后病理示,平滑肌瘤121例,胃肠间质瘤20例。颗粒细胞瘤1例．肌间脂肪瘤1例。术后经3。48个月的随访,未见局部复发和远处转移病例。结论在EGJ固有肌层来源SMT治疗中．各种内镜切除方法均安全有效．临床医师需根据肿瘤的临床特征具体选择．     

内镜隧道式黏膜下剥离术治疗大面积早期食管癌的安全性和有效性评价

目的评价内镜隧道式黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection,ESTD)用于治疗大面积早期食管癌的安全性和有效性。 方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年8月于解放军总医院第一医学中心消化内科接受内镜下手术治疗的共68例大面积早期食管癌患者资料,根据手术方式不同,分为内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)组45例和ESTD组23例。对比分析ESD组与ESTD组在术中出血、穿孔、剥离速度、治愈性切除率的表现。 结果安全性,ESD组1例(2.2%)术后出现迟发性出血,ESTD组2例(8.7%)发生迟发性出血,该3例出血患者通过热止血钳电凝处理均成功止血,两组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.545)。ESD组无穿孔出现;ESTD组1例发生术中穿孔,以钛夹及生物蛋白胶有效封堵穿孔,两组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.730)。有效性,ESD组40例(88.9%)实现治愈性切除,ESTD组21例(91.3%)达到治愈性切除,两组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＝1.000)。ESD组病变剥离速度为(33.2±13.4)mm²/min,ESTD组病变剥离速度为(41.8±17.3)mm²/min,两组相比,ESTD组要显著快于ESD组(P＝0.027)。 结论与传统ESD相比,ESTD对于病变黏膜剥离速度更快,是一种安全有效的治疗大面积早期食管癌的内镜下切除术式。     

Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastrointestinal stromal tumor dissection

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic wedge resections are increasingly applied for gastric submucosal tumors such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Despite this, no defined strategy exists to guide the surgeon in choosing the appropriate laparoscopic technique for an individual case on the basis of tumor characteristics such as location or size. This study aimed to introduce a laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric wedge resection that is applicable for submucosal tumor resection independent of tumor location and size. METHODS: Seven patients underwent LECS for the resection of gastric submucosal tumors. Both mucosal and submucosal layers around the tumor were circumferentially dissected using endoscopic submucosal dissection via intraluminal endoscopy. Subsequently, the seromusclar layer was laparoscopically dissected on the exact three-fourths cut line around the tumor. The submucosal tumor then was exteriorized to the abdominal cavity and dissected with a standard endoscopic stapling device. RESULTS: In all cases, the LECS procedure was successful for dissecting out the gastric submucosal tumor. In four of seven cases, the tumor was located in the upper gastric portion near the esophagogastric junction. The remaining three tumors were in the posterior gastric wall. In two cases, the tumors were more than 5 cm in diameter, and one was a GIST of the remnant stomach. The mean operation time was 169 +/- 17 min, and the estimated blood loss was 7 +/- 2 ml. The postoperative course was uneventful in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The LECS procedure for dissection of gastric submucosal tumors such as GIST may be performed safely with reasonable operation times, less bleeding, and adequate cut lines. In addition, the success of the procedure does not depend on the tumor location such as the vicinity of the esophagogastric junction or pyloric ring.     

Opciones terapéuticas en el tratamiento del cáncer precoz de la unión esofagogástrica

Early-stage (T1) esophagogastric junction cancer continues to represent 2-3% of all cases. Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent and important type, the main risk factors for which are gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia.Patients with mucosal (T1a) or submucosal (T1b) involvement initially require a thorough digestive endoscopy, and narrow-band imaging can improve visualization. Endoscopic treatment of these lesions includes endoscopic mucosal resection, radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic submucosal dissection.Accurate staging is necessary in order to provide optimal treatment. The most precise staging technique in these cases is endoscopic ultrasound.The suspicion of deep invasion of the submucosa, presence of unfavorable anatomopathological characteristics or impossibility to perform endoscopic resection make it necessary to consider surgical resection.     

Comparing Laparoscopic to Endoscopic Resections for Early Gastric Cancer in a High Volume North American Center

Endoscopic submucosal dissection as an organ sparing option for early gastric cancer is becoming increasingly accepted as an alternative to laparoscopic gastrectomy. Given the very limited North American data, we sought to compare outcomes between endoscopic and laparoscopic resection of gastric malignant and premalignant tumors. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection from 2007 to 2014 for adenocarcinoma or dysplasia at the McGill University Health Center were identified from a prospectively collected database and dichotomized according to the surgical approach. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, stage, oncologic outcome, length of stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Of 155 patients with gastric cancer identified, 67 were treated by laparoscopic gastrectomy (n?=?37) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (n?=?30). There were significantly more invasive lesions in the laparoscopic group and patients subject to ESD harbored more T1 lesions. No significant difference in the rate of R0 resection or overall complications was observed between the groups. Accordingly, length of stay was significantly shorter in the ESD group. There were no significant differences in terms of overall and disease-free survival. In selected patients, ESD is associated with improved short-term outcomes and provides an appropriate oncologic resection option in a North American patient cohort.     

Validation of the application of the Japanese curative criteria for superficial adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection: a long-term analysis

Background

A few studies have shown promising results with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction (EGJAC). However, curative criteria on the histology of EGJAC have not been developed, and long-term clinical results are lacking. The purpose of this study was to validate the application of the Japanese curative criteria to EGJAC after ESD.

Methods

Between September 2002 and March 2009, 1,350 superficial gastric neoplasms in 1,181 patients were treated by ESD at a single tertiary cancer center. For this retrospective cohort study, 49 patients with 50 superficial EGJACs were extracted from our database. Complications, en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate, overall survival, and cause-specific survival were evaluated in all patients. For assessment of curability, curative criteria proposed by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association for early gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection were used.

Results

Delayed bleeding and postoperative stenosis each occurred in three (6 %) patients but were managed endoscopically. No other major complications were observed related to ESD. The en bloc resection rate was 98 % (49/50), and the curative resection rate was 72 % (36/50). With a median follow-up period of 47 (range 22–97) months, the overall survival rates and cause-specific survival rates at 5 years were 86.2 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 76–97] and 100 % (95 % CI 91–100), respectively.

Conclusions

Endoscopic submucosal dissection with application of the Japanese curative criteria may be a feasible and effective treatment for curative intent in patients with superficial EGJAC.     

Is Additional Surgery Always Sufficient for Preventing Recurrence After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection with Curability C-2 for Early Gastric Cancer?

Annals of Surgical Oncology - When a lesion does not meet the curative criteria of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC), referred to as non-curative resection or...