后路经皮椎弓根螺钉经伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效分析

目的 研究后路经皮椎弓根螺钉经伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床价值和可行性.方法 郸城县第二人民医院自行设计的微创器械行后路经皮椎弓根螺钉经伤椎固定30例,切开短节段的椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎短的骨折30例,比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、伤椎前缘高度、后凸Cobb＇s角的恢复情况、并发症、平均复位丢失率等.结果 两组患者术后随访12~24个月,平均20个月.经皮组患者在手术时间上与切开组患者比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;经皮组患者比较的伤锥前缘平均高度由52%恢复到正常水平,后凸Cobb＇s角也由术前的16°恢复到5.9°,平均复位丢失率为10%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;切开组出血量明显高于经皮组（P＜0.05）.结论 经皮椎弓根螺钉经伤锥固定是临床上治疗胸腰椎段骨折的较好办法,与传统的手术方式比较具有明显优势,患者术后恢复较快.     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗胸腰段椎体骨折

目的对比经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术与传统后路切开复位椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰段椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法 40例胸腰段椎体骨折患者,20例采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗(微创组),20例采用传统后路切开复位椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗(传统组)。比较两组患者的手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、术前及术后椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、术前及术后7天、3个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果与传统组相比,微创组的手术切口长度明显缩短(P0.01),手术时间明显缩短(P0.05),术中出血量(P0.05)和术后引流量(P0.05)明显减少,住院时间明显缩短(P0.01)。两组患者术前VAS无差异,术后7天及3个月微创组VAS比传统组明显降低(P0.05)、各组内术后7天及3个月VAS均较术前明显降低(P0.05)。两组患者间术前、术后伤椎椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角度无显著性差异,各组内术前、术后伤椎椎体前缘高度均有明显恢复(P0.05)、后凸Cobb角度均有明显减小(P0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗胸腰段椎体骨折疗效确切,同时具有微创、住院时间短、术后疼痛轻等优点。     

经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定并伤椎植骨成形治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的:探讨经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定并伤椎植骨成形治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效.方法:25例胸腰椎骨折患者,均采用经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨成形,记录植入时间,出血量,并通过X 线片、CT扫描比较手术前后椎体前缘高度,后凸cobb角、椎管矢状径占位(worter指数)的变化.结果:25例患者均获随访,植入时间60 ～ 100 min,平均75 min;手术出血量40 ～ 180 mL,平均80 mL,全部患者植入过程中均无脊髓神经损伤等并发症,术后椎体前缘高度,后凸Cobb角、椎管矢状径占位明显改善(P ＜ 0.01).结论:经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定技术创伤小,安全可靠,同时经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨成形可以有效填充椎体内骨缺损空腔,减少术后椎体高度的丢失.     

椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗胸腰段骨折脱位后脊柱的生物力学变化

背景：对于胸腰段椎体爆裂性或粉碎性骨折,临床多行前路减压、植骨融合、钢板螺钉置入内固定。后路手术包括椎板切除减压、椎弓根螺钉置入内固定。 目的：探讨椎弓根螺钉置入内固定系统治疗胸腰段骨折脱位后脊柱的生物与力学变化。 方法：胸腰段骨折脱位的患者46例,给予椎弓根螺钉置入内固定系统治疗,观察内固定前后、当时及随访1年后脊髓损伤恢复情况及骨折复位情况。 结果与结论：46例患者均获得随访,采用Frankel功能分类法评估脊髓损伤的分级,各时期A级所占百分比差异无显著性意义（P 〉0.05）,螺钉置入内固定后当时及随访1年后B-E级与内固定前比较,均有显著性意义（P 0.05）。采用前缘高度百分比、后缘高度百分比、Cobb角等指标评估骨折复位情况,各时期后缘高度比较,差异无显著性意义（P 〉0.05）,螺钉置入内固定后当时及随访1年后的前缘高度、Cobb角与内固定前比较,差异均有显著性意义（P 0.05）。说明针对胸腰段骨折脱位的患者实施椎弓根置入内固定系统治疗,有利于骨折复位及脊髓神经功能恢复。     

椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定并经伤椎置入硫酸钙治疗胸腰段椎体骨折

目的探讨椎旁肌间隙入路内固定并经伤椎置入硫酸钙在胸腰段椎体骨折治疗中的临床疗效。方法自2011年12月至2013年12月对22例无需行椎管减压的胸腰段椎体骨折患者应用椎旁肌间隙入路螺钉复位固定同时经伤椎置入硫酸钙(SC组)治疗,围术期和随访数据与2010年1月至2011年12月24例无需行椎管减压的胸腰段椎体骨折应用传统后入路椎弓根螺钉复位固定并椎板间植骨融合(TO组)的患者数据进行比较。对比两组患者术前、术后1周和12月时后凸Cobb角和椎体前缘高度,术后12月时腰痛Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)术前、术后1周、3个月、12月时疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量。结果术前及术后1周两组患者骨折椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角之间无统计学差异,术后12月时,SC组患者的骨折椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角略优于TO组,但统计学上无显著性差异,术后12月时SC组ODI优于TO组,有显著性差异。两组患者术前疼痛VAS无差异,术后1周、3个月和12个月SC组明显低于TO组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。SC组手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量和住院时间均优于TO组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论椎旁肌间隙入路融合了微创理念,结合伤椎置入硫酸钙对塌陷明显的骨折椎体能够更好地维持复位后的形状和改善症状,有利于患者的后期恢复。     

经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定联合经皮伤椎终板撬拨复位螺钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及安全性

目的观察经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定联合经皮伤椎终板撬拨复位螺钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年1月我院收治的120例胸腰椎骨折患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组单独给予经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定治疗,观察组同时联合经皮伤椎终板撬拨复位螺钉技术治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果术后6个月,观察组的VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1个月的伤椎终板高度比高于对照组,矢状面后凸Cobb角显著小于对照组,观察组术后6个月的伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎终板高度比均高于对照组,矢状面后凸Cobb角小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段内固定联合经皮伤椎终板撬拨复位螺钉技术治疗胸腰椎骨折能增强骨折复位效果,最大限度恢复伤椎高度,并促使上终板复位,是一种较好的微创手术治疗方式。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果比较

目的比较经皮椎体后凸成形术与椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法将2017年8月至2019年12月我院骨外科收治的60例胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折患者按照随机数字表法分为A组和B组,各30例。A组实施椎弓根螺钉内固定术,B组实施经皮椎体后凸成形术。比较两组的手术情况(手术时间、术中出血量)、住院时间、术后并发症发生情况、疼痛评分、伤椎高度比值、Cobb角、脊柱功能障碍评分、生活质量评分。结果B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组(P<0.05)。两组术后并发症总发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后1周,B组VAS评分低于A组(P<0.05);术后6个月,两组VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后6个月,B组伤椎前缘高度比值、伤椎后缘高度比值、生活质量各领域评分均高于A组,上部Cobb角、下部Cobb角及ODI评分均低于A组(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术与椎弓根螺钉内固定术用于胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折中均可恢复伤椎高度和脊柱生理曲度,但相比于椎弓根螺钉内固定术,经皮椎体后凸成形术的效果更加显著,且可减轻手术创伤,提高生活质量。     

微创经皮内固定、内窥镜下减压、椎体成形术治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折

目的:探讨微创经皮脊柱内固定系统(Sextant)、内窥镜(METRx)辅助X-tube通道结合磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)椎体成形术治疗单节段无神经障碍胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折的临床可行性和疗效。方法:自2007年5月至2010年5月,选择31例无神经系统症状、单节段胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折患者,在C型臂X线机监视及引导下,采用经皮脊柱内固定系统、内窥镜辅助X-tube通道完成椎管减压、骨折复位及跨伤椎的二椎体四钉椎弓根螺钉内固定置入,并经单侧或双侧伤椎椎弓根向复位的椎体内注入CPC。手术前后及随访观察治疗效果和骨折椎体高度、Cobb角以及椎管横截面积等影像学指标情况。结果:本组31例患者的平均手术时间为155min,平均出血量210mL,平均下床活动时间3.5d。术后伤椎椎体前缘高度、中央高度及后凸畸形得到明显恢复(P<0.01);术后经过12～36个月随访,伤椎椎体高度、Cobb角与术后比较差异无统计学意义。术后伤椎内CPC充填量良好,未见有CPC椎管内和椎间孔内泄漏,无内固定置入及椎体成形操作引起的神经血管损伤。结论:微创经皮脊柱内固定系统、内窥镜辅助X-tube通道结合CPC椎体成形术治疗无神经障碍胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折具有手术切口小、腰骶肌肉剥离范围小、出血少、术后恢复快等优点。其能够有效、安全地恢复爆裂性骨折椎体的高度,复位椎管内骨块,且术中即时重建椎体强度,可满足患者早期下床活动,避免继发后凸畸形。     

经皮椎弓根钉内固定结合椎体成形术治疗中老年骨质疏松性单节段胸腰椎压缩性骨折的效果

目的分析经皮椎弓根钉内固定结合椎体成形术治疗中老年骨质疏松性单节段胸腰椎压缩性骨折的效果。方法选择我院2014年8月至2018年8月收治的225例中老年骨质疏松性单节段胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法的不同将患者分为微创组(n=115)和开放组(n=110)。微创组给予经皮椎弓根钉内固定结合经皮椎体成形术,开放组给予传统开放椎弓根钉复位内固定术。比较两组手术相关指标、术前及术后5个月的VAS评分、ODI评分、伤椎前缘高度比及伤椎后凸Cobb角。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术。微创组的手术时间和住院时间短于开放组,术中出血量少于开放组,切口长度小于开放组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后5个月,两组患者的VAS评分、ODI评分及伤椎后凸Cobb角均降低,伤椎前缘高度比均升高(P<0.05);微创组术后5个月的VAS评分、ODI评分低于开放组(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎弓根钉内固定结合经皮椎体成形术治疗中老年骨质疏松性单节段胸腰椎压缩性骨折优势明显,可以减轻患者术后疼痛,促进伤椎功能的恢复。     

3椎5钉固定联合伤椎植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨采用经一侧伤椎椎弓根固定(3椎5钉法),经另一侧伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法采用后路短节段经伤椎一侧椎弓根钉复位固定,经另一侧椎弓根伤椎植入人工骨治疗胸腰椎轻中度爆裂骨折37例,根据术前及术后10 d、6个月、1年的临床表现及影像学资料,采用胸腰背痛的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎后凸Cobb角平均值、伤椎前缘平均高度比值、平均椎管占位率及神经功能恢复情况进行比较分析。结果所有患者均获得12～24个月随访,采用该方法治疗的37例患者,术后VAS评分、伤椎后凸Cobb角平均值、伤椎前缘平均高度比值、平均椎管占位率与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后神经功能亦有明显改善,无一例发生内固定失败。结论采用后路短节段经伤椎一侧椎弓根钉复位固定(3椎5钉法),经另一侧椎弓根伤椎植入人工骨治疗胸腰椎轻中度爆裂骨折可有效矫正胸腰椎后凸畸形,预防术后伤椎椎体塌陷及内固定失败,临床疗效好,是一种理想的治疗方法,值得推广。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.