DHPG和BMI诱导的癫痫样放电模型的建立及比较

目的 在离体大鼠海马脑片上,通过激活Ⅰ型代谢型谷氨酸受体(mGluR)或阻断γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体,诱导癫痫样放电.方法 将离体大鼠海马脑片暴露于Ⅰ型mGluR特异性激动剂对羟基苯甘氨酸(DHPG)或GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(BMI),利用全细胞记录模式记录海马CA3区域单个锥体细胞的电活动.结果 暴露于DHPG或BMI中的海马脑片CA3区域的锥体细胞均产生癫痫样放电,且两者的放电频率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 在离体情况下,破坏神经兴奋性和抑制性系统的平衡可以诱导产生癫痫样放电活动.     

DHPG和BMI诱导的癫痫样放电模型的建立及比较

目的在离体大鼠海马脑片上,通过激活Ⅰ型代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluR）或阻断γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体,诱导癫痫样放电。方法将离体大鼠海马脑片暴露于Ⅰ型mGluR特异性激动剂对羟基苯甘氨酸（DHPG）或GABA．受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱（BMI）,利用全细胞记录模式记录海马CA3区域单个锥体细胞的电活动。结果暴露于DHPG或BMI中的海马脑片CA3区域的锥体细胞均产生癫痫样放电,且两者的放电频率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在离体情况下,破坏神经兴奋性和抑制性系统的平衡可以诱导产生癫痫样放电活动。     

马桑内酯在大鼠离体海马脑片上引起的癫痫样放电活动

采用大鼠离体海马脑片技术,建立了马桑内酯(Coriaria lactone,CL)引起的海马CA 1区锥体细胞癫痫样放电活动模型,并初步探讨了CL的致痫作用机理,可能与直接影响锥体细胞固有爆发放电能力有关。     

谷氨酸NMDA受体在马桑内酯致痫中的作用

采用马桑内酯大鼠癫痫模型和大鼠高体海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞癌样放电模型，观瘵了非竞争性NMDA受体结抗剂氯胶团对马桑内酯致癌作用的影响．结果发现：实验组大鼠的癫痫发作推迟，程度减轻；痫样脑电图出现的潜伏期延长，波幅下降（P＜0．05）；马桑内酯所致高体海马脑片CA1；区锥体细胞的痫样PS波被抑制：EPSPs幅度下降（P＜0．05）．结果提示：马桑内酯致痫的作用之一可能通过激活交触后膜上NMDA受体，使神经元兴奋性突触传递增强而产生痫样放电．     

琥珀酸在大鼠海马CA1区对离子型Glu受体介导的兴奋性突触后电流的调节作用

目的:研究琥珀酸对大鼠海马CA1区的离子型Glu受体介导的兴奋性突触后电流的调节。方法:采用红外可视脑片膜片钳技术,观察琥珀酸对大鼠海马CA1区的谷氨酸(Glu)能自发兴奋性突触后电流(s EPSCs)和微小兴奋性突触后电流(m EPSCs)的调节作用。结果:琥珀酸能降低大鼠海马CA1区离子型Glu受体介导的s EPSCs和m EPSCs的电流幅度,而对其频率和半衰减时间均无影响。1μmol/L琥珀酸组s EPSCs和m EPSCs的电流幅度分别为(24.16±2.61)p A和(23.36±2.73)p A,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:琥珀酸对突触前Glu释放无影响,但可显著降低EPSCs的电流幅度,琥珀酸可作为一种神经调质影响突触后兴奋性活动。     

异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元GABA_A受体的作用

目的 :研究异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元γ 氨基丁酸A型 (GABAA)受体的作用。方法 :采用膜片钳全细胞记录技术。结果 :临床血药浓度异丙酚 (3～ 12 μg ml)对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元电压门控性钠、钾、钙离子通道的开放、失活、最大电流幅值没有影响。海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元自发抑制性突触后电位 (sIP SC)可被GABAA 受体特异性阻断剂荷包牡丹碱 (Bic)所阻断。异丙酚对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元sIPSC具有增频作用 ,但对其幅度没有影响 ,且其增频作用可被Bic阻断。结论 :临床浓度的异丙酚对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元的sIPSC具有增频作用 ,说明海马可能是异丙酚作用的靶器官     

NMDA受体亚单位NR1在长期培养大鼠海马脑片中的免疫活性变化

目的　研究NMDA受体亚单位NR1在长期培养大鼠海马脑片各区中免疫组织化学反应活性变化规律。方法　将新生 6～ 9天大鼠海马和齿状回切成 4 0 0 μm厚脑片 (即海马脑片 ) ,分别体外培养 1、2、3、4、5周时再作 2 0 μm厚冰冻切片 ,行NR1免疫组织化学反应和图像分析。 结果　NR1在培养各周海马脑片各区锥体细胞和颗粒细胞胞体的免疫反应均呈阳性 ,胞膜深染 ,胞质淡染。培养 1周时 ,其反应强度为CA3区 >CA1区 >齿状回(DG) ;之后则为CA1区 >CA3区 >DG ;3周时各区反应均达高峰。结论　NR1在长期培养大鼠海马脑片各区的免疫活性有时空差异 ,提示NMDA受体的结构和功能在长期海马脑片培养中可能发生变化     

红藻氨酸对海马CA1区突触传递的作用

目的研究激活海马红藻氨酸(kainate,KA)受体对CA1区兴奋性和抑制性突触递质的作用。方法对成年大鼠海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞采用“盲法”全细胞电压钳记录,分别检测和分析KA (10 μmol/L)对CA1传入纤维引出的兴奋性突触后电流和抑制性突触后电流的影响。结果KA受体的激活不仅显著性抑制抑制性突触后电流(P<0.01),而且同时显著性抑制兴奋性突触后电流(P<0.01)。结论KA受体通过激活同时抑制海马CA1区神经元兴奋性和抑制性突触的传入,对海马神经元动力学的平衡产生影响,从而促进癫痫的形成。     

桂枝对致痫大鼠海马CA1区诱发场电位的影响

目的 探讨桂枝对癫痫模型海马脑片诱发场电位的影响。方法 以毛果芸碱致痫大鼠为实验对象，用细胞外玻璃微电极记录方法，观察桂枝对癫痫模型离体海马脑片CA1区锥体细胞诱发群峰电位（population spike,PS）的影响。结果 桂枝提取液使致痫大鼠海马脑片PS幅度平均降低28.73%，平均16.8min恢复。结论 桂枝能降低致痫大鼠海马脑片CA1区顺向诱发PS幅度，提示桂枝对中枢神经系统的突触传递过程有明显的抑制效应。     

异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元GABA A受体的作用

目的:研究异丙酚对大鼠海马CA1 区锥体神经元γ-氨基丁酸A型(GABA A)受体的作用.方法:采用膜片钳全细胞记录技术.结果:临床血药浓度异丙酚(3~12 μg/ml)对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元电压门控性钠、钾、钙离子通道的开放、失活、最大电流幅值没有影响.海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元自发抑制性突触后电位(sIPSC)可被GABA A受体特异性阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(Bic)所阻断.异丙酚对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元sIPSC具有增频作用,但对其幅度没有影响,且其增频作用可被Bic阻断.结论:临床浓度的异丙酚对海马脑片CA1区锥体神经元的sIPSC具有增频作用,说明海马可能是异丙酚作用的靶器官.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.