改良鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣修复口腔鳞癌切除后软组织缺损

目的:探讨改良鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣在修复口腔颌面部缺损的临床效果。方法:选取2016年7月-2018年9月西南医科大学附属医院口腔颌面外科收治的8例口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损患者。制备以面动静脉为蒂(血管蒂分离至颈外动静脉起始处),根据缺损情况切取岛状鼻唇沟皮瓣。完整切除病变后皮瓣从下颌骨内侧或者外侧转移修复缺损。术后观察皮瓣存活、供瓣区及受区伤口愈合情况,并对患者面部器官外形及功能进行3~24个月的术后随访。结果:8例患者皮瓣全部存活,血运良好。术后随访未出现肿瘤复发,面部器官外形基本正常,功能良好。结论:改良鼻唇沟岛状皮瓣具有操作简单、血供可靠、转移灵活,可同期修复同侧舌、口咽侧壁、口底、牙龈肿瘤切除后缺损,对不适宜行吻合血管游离组织瓣移植患者是理想的选择,值得临床推广应用。     

舌骨下肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤切除术后缺损修复中的应用

目的研究舌骨下肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后缺损修复中的意义和技术要领。方法应用舌骨下肌皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损15例，其中前口底缺损3例、侧口底缺损2例、半舌缺损7例、下咽缺损3例，观察皮瓣存活情况及口腔功能恢复和近期原发灶控制情况；以同期单纯半舌切除病例7例为对照，对比舌骨下肌皮瓣半舌缺损修复和单纯半舌切除术后近期舌功能恢复情况。结果皮瓣全部成活14例，皮瓣部分坏死1例、后瘢痕愈合。口底缺损和下咽缺损修复后无吞咽障碍。舌骨下肌皮瓣修复术后近期口腔功能优于单纯半舌切除。结论舌骨下肌皮瓣可用于口底缺损、半舌缺损、小范围下咽缺损的修复。半舌缺损采用舌骨下肌皮瓣修复可改善口腔功能。     

岛状额瓣加胸锁乳突肌皮瓣一期修复颊癌术后大面积洞穿性缺损一例

目的探讨颊部大面积洞穿性缺损的修复方法和胸锁乳突肌皮瓣、额瓣联合修复的优缺点。方法2003年7月行颊癌扩大切除,功能性颈淋巴清扫术患者1例,遗留组织缺损范围皮面9 cm×7 cm,黏膜面4.5 cm×3.0 cm。以甲状腺上血管、枕动脉和颈外静脉胸锁乳突肌肌支为血管蒂的胸锁乳突肌皮瓣修复颊黏膜面,以颞浅血管为血管蒂的岛状额瓣修复颊部皮面,皮瓣大小分别为5 cm×3 cm和10 cm×6 cm。结果患者术后皮瓣、皮片均全部成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。2周痊愈出院,颊部皮色、质地好。随访1年,肿瘤无复发,生活自理,语言、饮食正常。结论胸锁乳突肌皮瓣和额部岛状瓣可作为颊癌术后颊部大面积洞穿性缺损的一期修复的方法,操作简便、易行,且经济。     

岛状胸锁乳突肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 评价岛状胸锁乳突肌皮瓣修复头颈部肿瘤切除术后缺损的效果。方法 应用岛状胸锁乳突肌皮瓣一期修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损9例。其中5例用肌皮瓣修复口腔黏膜缺损，1例用肌皮瓣折叠部分修复口腔教膜缺损、部分修复面颊部皮肤缺损，3例修复面颊部或腮腺区皮肤缺损。有7例配合使用多孔钛板修复下颌骨的缺损。结果 8例岛状胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣全部成活，1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，术后1个半月愈合。结论 带血管蒂的岛状胸锁乳突肌皮瓣可提供面积较大皮瓣，并具有成活率较高且制作容易等优点，适用于修复因头颈肿瘤切除术后的缺损。     

应用显微外科技术改良颈阔肌皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用显微外科技术改进颈阔肌皮瓣以修复口腔颌面部缺损的可行性及应用价值。方法以携带肌袖血管蒂的改良颈阔肌皮瓣一期修复口颊部缺损12例，软腭缺损3例，口底缺损1例；同期行颈淋巴结清扫术。结果15例肌皮瓣全部成活，1例肌皮瓣因静脉回流障碍皮瓣远端部分皮肤坏死。修复区手术组织量适中。形态良好，颈部瘢痕不明显。结论应用显微外科技术改良颈阔肌皮瓣不影响血供，肌皮瓣自由度明显改善，适于修复口腔颌面部手术。     

包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌切除后缺损

目的探讨将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内修复口腔癌切除后缺损的手术方法。方法先形成蒂在颌缘下包含颈外静脉的颈阔肌肌皮瓣，待口腔肿瘤切除后，将肌皮瓣经口底隧道引入口腔修复缺损。结果临床应用17例，肌皮瓣均无血运障碍，100％存活，其中有2例发生口面痿，经换药后痿口完全闭合。结论将颈外静脉包含在颈阔肌肌皮瓣内有助于肌皮瓣血循环的改善和存活率的提高。     

颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌术后组织缺损

目的探讨颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔癌术后组织缺损的方法及可行性。方法2003年3月~2004年6月,应用颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复舌、口底、颊、咽侧壁及软腭缺损15例。其中男12例,女3例,年龄41~77岁。颊癌11例,舌癌1例,口底癌2例,咽侧壁及软腭癌1例。均行病变及颈淋巴根治性切除,缺损范围3.0 cm×3.5 cm~7.0 cm×4.0 cm,应用颈阔肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣范围7.0 cm×3.5 cm~12.0 cm×4.0 cm。结果术后15例皮瓣均成活,肌皮瓣色泽与皮肤相似,外形无异常,张口不受限。术后10~15 d出现颊部皮瘘8例,术后4周二期断蒂修补后完全愈合。随访6~12个月,无舌运动受限等并发症,肿瘤无复发,患者对术后形态及功能均较满意。结论颈阔肌肌皮瓣血运丰富,抗感染力较强,成活率高,是修复口腔组织缺损行之有效的方法,手术方法简便,值得推广。     

颊脂垫瓣住口腔肿瘤切除后缺损修复中的应用

目的:研究带蒂颊脂垫修补口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的效果.方法:对15例口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的患者,采用颊脂垫瓣修复组织缺损并观察其疗效.结果:术后创口均甲级愈合,6～8周颊脂垫瓣完全上皮化,2月后上皮化粘膜类似正常口腔粘膜.结论:应用颊脂垫瓣修复口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损,其操作简单,创伤小,修复功能恢复好,值得临床推广应用.     

颊脂垫瓣在口腔肿瘤切除后缺损修复中的应用

目的：研究带蒂颊脂垫修补口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的效果。方法：对15例口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损的患者,采用颊脂垫瓣修复组织缺损并观察其疗效。结果：术后创口均甲级愈合,6～8周颊脂垫瓣完全上皮化,2月后上皮化粘膜类似正常口腔粘膜。结论：应用颊脂垫瓣修复口腔内肿瘤切除后组织缺损,其操作简单,创伤小,修复功能恢复好,值得临床推广应用。     

来稿摘登

来稿摘登·胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣修复头颈部组织缺损李晓江１陶远孝２张虹２１９８７年１０月～１９９４年７月，我们应用带血管蒂的胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣修复头颈部恶性肿瘤术后组织缺损６０例。男５４例，女６例。年龄３４岁～７５岁，平均５８岁。修复口腔２３例，颈部１９例，...     

胸大肌肌皮瓣与钛板联合修复口腔癌根治术后的下颌骨缺损

目的探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣与钛板联合即刻修复口腔癌根治术后的下颌骨缺损的效果。方法2001年11月~2003年2月,对32例口腔癌根治术后下颌骨缺损患者,其中11例下颌牙龈癌行龈颌颈联合根治术,13例舌癌行舌颌颈联合根治术,4例口底癌行口底颌颈联合根治术,4例颊粘膜癌行颊颌颈联合根治术。术后遗留下颌骨缺损长度4~12 cm,邻近软组织缺损范围5.5 cm×7.6 cm~8.2 cm×10.5 cm,采用大小为6 cm×7 cm~9 cm×10 cm带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣与钛板即刻修复。通过回顾性研究,分析其修复效果。结果术后肌皮瓣29例全部成活,3例有小部分皮岛坏死。均获随访2~19个月,27例面部外形基本满意,5例呈轻度不对称畸形;余留的上下颌牙咬牙合关系、咀嚼功能恢复良好;张口度2.7~3.4 cm;未出现与手术相关的颞颌关节疾病。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣与钛板联合应用是修复口腔癌根治术后伴较多软组织缺损和下颌骨节段性缺损较理想的方法。     

带肋胸膜的肋骨-胸大肌复合瓣修复晚期舌癌根治术后缺损

目的探讨应用带肋胸膜的肋骨-胸大肌复合瓣联合修复晚期舌癌根治术后软硬组织大型缺损的临床效果和安全性。方法对6例累及同侧口底和下颌骨并越过中线的晚期舌癌患者实施舌颌颈联合根治术,开胸切取以胸肩峰动静脉为血管蒂的带肋胸膜的肋骨（第5肋）．胸大肌复合瓣即刻修复根治术导致的全舌、口底和下颌骨大型复合组织缺损,其中胸大肌肌皮瓣用以重建全舌和口底,肋骨瓣则用以修复患侧下颌骨。结果6例患者术后恢复良好。肋骨．胸大肌复合瓣全部成活,术后口腔、颈部和胸部创面均一期愈合。重建全舌、口底和面下部形态良好,上下颌咬合关系正常,下颌骨无偏斜,语言和吞咽功能基本恢复正常。结论带肋胸膜的肋骨．胸大肌复合瓣修复口腔颌面大型软硬组织缺损安全可靠,开胸切取肋胸膜不会导致患者术后胸廓运动和呼吸功能异常及其他胸肺部并发症,而且制备简便,带肋胸膜确保了肋骨-胸大肌复合瓣中肋骨的血运。     

舌癌连续整块切除血管化（肌）皮瓣修复重建术后的功能评价

目的评价舌癌连续整块切除同期行血管化（肌）皮瓣修复舌缺损后的语音、咀嚼功能。方法行手术治疗后6～18个月的舌癌患者共47例,其中行前臂皮瓣修复20例（前臂组,半舌以内14例,半舌以上16例）,股前外侧肌皮瓣修复27例（股前外侧组,半舌以内15例,半舌以上10例,全舌2例）。采用两因素两水平的析因设计与方差分析比较其语音和咀嚼效率;采用W ilcoxon秩和检验分析比较两个皮瓣组术后的舌颌沟深度改变值。结果与前臂皮瓣组比较,股前外侧组的舌颌沟深度改变值较小（P=0.000）,咀嚼效率较优（P=0.035）,但语音清晰度较低（P=0.006）。结论股前外侧皮瓣修复更有利于舌癌患者术后的咀嚼和进食,但前臂皮瓣短期内更有利于语音的恢复。     

Use of nasolabial flap for mouth floor reconstruction

SUBJECT: Oral cavity cancers represent 30% of the cephalic extremity tumors. Their resection requires in the majority of the cases a reconstruction by soft tissue. The reconstruction must be simple by bringing some reliable, hairless, thin, resistant tissue to radiation therapy, with a limited morbidity and an acceptable scar ransom. PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to define the place and the limits of nasolabial flap in the reconstruction of the anterior floor of the mouth after tumoral resection compared to the other surgical and microsurgical techniques. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied patients with oral cancerous lesions of the anterior floor of the mouth reconstructed by nasolabial flap between 1997 and 2002. The patients benefited from a surgical resection of the tumor by respecting the safety margins, with an immediate reconstruction allowing the restoring of the oral functions. We tried to describe the limits of this flap and discussed its modalities of vascularization. RESULTS: Fifty-three flap procedures were performed on 47 patients; forty-one have received a unilateral and 6 a bilateral nasolabial flap. The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (50 cases). The average age of patients were 64.8 years (45-78 years) with 40 men (75%) and 13 women (25%). A radical neck lymph nodes dissection with facial artery ligation was realized for 21 patients (15 ipsilateral and 3 bilateral) without affecting the outcome. As complications, we noted one complete necrosis and two partial necrosis of the flap, two postoperative wound complications with dehiscence as well as a massive local recurrence of initial tumor in one patient. CONCLUSION: The nasolabial flap represents a simple functional and morphological option to other pedicled or microsurgically anastomosed flaps for the reconstruction of intermediate-sized mouth floor defects.     

Complications of the pectoralis major osteomyocutaneous flap used for head and neck reconstruction

The analysis of the complications of the pectoralis major osteomyocutaneous flaps used for head and neck reconstruction and how to prevent them is the subject of this report. Ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth who had undergone segmental glossectomy and mandibulectomy, radical uni- or bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy, and immediate reconstruction with the pectoralis major osteomyocutaneous flaps were evaluated. Neither partial nor total necrosis of the myocutaneous segment occurred in any patient but rib necrosis developed in five. An oral fistula occurred in four patients exposing the junction of the rib with the mandible. There were three cases of flap necrosis of the neck dissection. Two patients developed pneumothorax. The overall complication rate was 66.7%. Although this surgery requires major intraoral excision, the tumor is exophytic with previous infection and the patients' general condition debilitated, the incidence of complications is high. Despite the high morbidity, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap remains a useful adjunct for head and neck reconstruction. The flap is versatile and for many patients repair with a free flap is impossible because of contraindications such as previous irradiation, problems with the vascular anastomoses, advanced age and poor general condition. It also aids in the surgical training of new specialists.     

颏下岛状瓣修复舌癌切除术后舌与口底组织缺损

目的评价颏下岛状瓣修复舌组织缺损的临床效果及其应用价值。方法1997年3月~2004年10月,对9例舌癌患者在行舌颌颈联合根治术后所形成的舌或舌与口底组织缺损,应用颏下岛状瓣修复。其中男6例,女3例,年龄48~71岁。右半侧舌5例,左半侧舌4例,其中病变侵及口底者4例。组织缺损范围4.2 cm×3.2 cm~5.5 cm×4.0 cm。修复所用组织瓣大小为6.0 cm×3.0 cm~7.0 cm×4.0 cm。以颏下动脉为蒂8例,颏下动脉联合颌外动脉近心端为蒂1例。结果术后8例颏下岛状瓣成活。修复后舌体静态形态佳;动态表现前伸、上举、侧向运动不受限,语音清晰,吞咽功能良好,未发生任何并发症。3例术后3周放疗。随访1~36个月,舌无异常变化。1例组织瓣坏死脱落,创面自然愈合。结论颏下岛状瓣修复舌缺损,手术方法简便,并能提供足量组织同时修复口底缺损。     

应用多个扩张器修复面颈部瘢痕

目的 应用皮肤扩张术修复面颈部瘢痕。方法 １９９１年月～１９９５年１月应用多个扩张器置入面颈部正常皮肤下，扩张后修复面颈部瘢痕切除后创面１６例。采用的扩张器大小及数量根据瘢痕所在部位不同有所差别，修复面颈部１ｃｍ＾２创面需要扩张器容量５～６ｍｌ，同时切口线的设计应尽量在隐蔽处且顺皮纹，如息唇钩、下颌缘。面、颈部皮瓣的设计不同，面部多采用直接推进皮瓣修复，颈部多采用异位皮瓣修复。转移后皮瓣最好有一定     

Facial artery myomucosal free flap for cheek mucosa reconstruction: A case report

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa is an aggressive form of oral cancer. It tends to spread to adjacent tissues and often metastasizes to occult cervical node. There are multiple techniques for cheek reconstruction after tumor removal, including temporalis myocutaneous and temporoparietal fascial pedicled flaps and a forearm free flap. In this report, a case of a 76‐year‐old man with SCC of the left cheek mucosa and extending to the posterolateral superior alveolar ridge is presented. The patient underwent radical excision of the tumor, omolateral modified radical neck dissection (MRND‐III), and contralateral selective neck dissection (levels I–III). Reconstruction was performed with a facial artery myomucosal free flap. The flap was transplanted successfully, and there were no donor or recipient site complications. This technique is a good reconstructive option because of its adherence to the plastic surgery principle of “replacing like with like” and its minimal donor‐site morbidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:401–405, 2013.