血管紧张素转化酶2-血管紧张素(1-7)-Mas轴与肾脏

血管紧张素转化酶2-血管紧张素(1-7)-Mas轴是肾素-血管紧张素系统的一个新分支,该轴能对抗血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、调节心血管和肾脏功能,发挥降低血压、保护心血管功能,Ang(1-7)在调节肾脏血管、小管转运、细胞生长、血压方面均发挥重要作用.本文就该轴的生物学特点及其对肾脏的影响作一综述.     

基于对RAAS系统的认识讨论ACEI和ARB对肾脏系统影响的研究及进展

从RAAS系统的发现到现在,RAAS系统在肾脏及心血管系统的重要性越来越突出。除了对肾素(renine)、angI(血管紧张素I)、ACE(血管紧张素转化酶)、angII(血管紧张素II)的研究深入,新的ang1-7、ang1-9也逐步为人们所了解为参与影响了RAAS系统的关键-AngII。围绕RAAS系统的各个环节的药物相继研制成功,投入临床应用。首先,此文对RAAS系统的认识及近年来的新进展总结,在此基础上讨论ACEI和ARB的作用机制及疗效副作用。     

移植静脉肌-内皮连接偶联系统早期重建对平滑肌细胞转化态的影响及意义

目的探讨肌-内皮连接偶联系统在移植静脉重塑早期对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转化态的影响。方法20只大鼠随机分为实验组(基因转染组)与对照组(非基因转染组),于术后14d取出移植静脉,采用反转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)及电镜等检测并观察缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-α)表达水平、肌-内皮连接结构、血管内皮细胞(VEC)及血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型。结果实验组较对照组HIF-Iα过表达,VEC增生显著,VSMC以收缩表型居多,肌-内皮连接结构重建显著(P均<0.01)。结论肌-内皮连接偶联系统是稳定移植静脉重塑早期VSMC转化态重要的组织结构和评估血管结构与功能良好重建的重要标志物之一。     

肾素-血管紧张素系统活性亢进参与糖尿病肾病足细胞的损伤

肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)主要是由肾素(RA)、血管紧张素I(Ang I)、血管紧张素I转化酶(ACE)、血管紧张素Ⅱ( AngⅡ)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体(AT)以及血管紧张素1-7(Ang 1-7)和血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)等组成的具有多元生物活性的系统.大量基础和临床试验已表明,RAS过度激活是糖尿病肾病(DN)发生、发展的重要机制之一,RAS阻断剂的应用可明显改善DN蛋白尿和肾功能进展.近年来随着局部RAS概念的逐渐形成,发现肾脏局部几乎可以合成RAS中所有成分,且肾脏组织中RAS成分含量显著高于循环中的RAS.足细胞损伤是DN发生发展的重要标志,但DN时局部RAS与肾脏足细胞损伤之间的具体机制关系尚未完全阐明.     

血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶基因多态性与肾脏疾病的关系

肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)与肾脏疾病的发生发展以及预后有密切关系。近年来的研究证实肾素-血管紧张素系统的一些组成成分的基因多态性对整个系统的活性具有调节作用,其中血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)I/D基因多肽性研究较多,与肾脏疾病的关系也较为密切。     

肾素血管紧张素系统与造血调控研究进展

肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的主要生物学作用体现在对血压和水、电解质的调 控上。近年来的研究表明,RAS参与造血调控,其主要活性物质血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)促进红系造 血,而其受体拮抗剂(ARB)和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)抑制红系造血。     

足细胞上血管紧张素受体的研究进展

血管紧张素受体(ATR)属于细胞膜受体的一种,是肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)中重要的作用靶点,主要通过与血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)结合而发挥效应.目前研究发现AngⅡ的受体有AT1R和AT2R两型.     

麻醉手术期间肾脏调节机制

肾脏维持细胞外液量及其成分的功能,受多种因素所影响,其中内分泌是重要调节因素,包括肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)、抗利尿激素(ADH)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素、交感神经系、利钠激素(NUH)和前列腺素等。今介绍如下。     

麻醉与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统

随着放射免疫技术的发展,六十年代以来,有关麻醉,手术与肾素(R)-血管紧张素(A)-醛固酮(AL)系统(以下缩写为R-A-A-S)的相互作用和影响已有较多的实验和临床研究,其中有些结果和见解,对临床麻醉有一定的指导意义,现综述如下。一、R-A-A-S简述 R-A-A-S是血压和水、电解质平衡的重要调节系统,对维持机体内稳态起重要作用。肾素是由肾脏近球体产生的一种蛋白水解酶,作用于由肝脏产生的血管紧张素原     

充血性肺动脉高压的血清学指标研究进展

充血性肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是左向右分流型先天性心脏病最常见的并发症。随着肺动脉压力的不断增高,其分流方向会出现逆转,最终发展为艾森门格综合征,影响患者寿命。近些年国内外研究发现,血管紧张素-(1~7)和脑钠肽具有拮抗肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的作用,基质细胞衍生因子可延缓肺血管重构,血管性血友病因子抗原标志着肺血管内皮功能受损,微小核糖核酸和同型半胱氨酸对肺血管内皮功能分别起着损伤和保护性作用。而RAAS激活、肺血管重构和内皮功能障碍参与PAH形成和发展的始终。现将近年来以上血清学指标在充血性PAH的研究进展予以综述。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.