尿石症预防饮食管理软件的开发

目的 开发适合中国居民膳食特点的尿石症预防饮食计算机管理系统。方法 复习国内外研究文献，制定各尿石症相关营养成分的饮食管理目标值，用Visual Basic．net语言编写计算分析程序。结果 完整获得饮食管理目标值：增加液体饮人量保持尿量2000～2500ml／d，动物蛋白食物可食部分摄入量〈175g／d，钙为800～1000mg／d，富含草酸食物可食部分摄入量〈50g／d，钠〈3300mg／d，富含嘌呤食物可食部分摄入量〈70g／d，镁350～700mg／d，维生素A男性800～3000μg／d、女性700～3000μg／d。开发出在Microsoft Visual．net2003的平台上饮食管理系统，该系统对尿石症患者1d摄入营养成分进行计算分析，并提供饮食预防方案。结论 该计算机软件数据来源科学准确、使用方便、快捷，有助于尿石症患者应用个人电脑管理饮食摄入，建立尿石症预防饮食习惯。     

江汉油田矿区农村妇女产褥期饮食与健康状况调查

目的了解江汉油田矿区农村妇女产褥期饮食与健康状况。方法采取整群抽样法对江汉油田矿区周围农村723名妇女产褥期的饮食和健康状况进行回顾性问卷调查。结果71.2%产褥期妇女饮食由长辈安排,饮食观念58.0%来源于长辈;鸡蛋、红糖的每日摄入量分别为（365.1±205.7）g和（81.4±58.8）g,而奶类、水果和动物内脏的每日摄入量依次为（4.4±2.3）ml、（6.9±1.7）g和（14.8±2.3）g;60.2%产褥期发生血性恶露时间延长,38.2%子宫复旧欠佳等。结论农村产褥期妇女的饮食习惯存在诸多不合理现象,应广泛开展健康教育,采用合理饮食,减少产褥期疾病,使其顺利渡过产褥期。     

慢性肾脏病的营养评定及个体化饮食疗法

对慢性肾衰患者营养状况进行准确评估，及时给予个体化的低蛋白饮食治疗可延缓CRF的发展速度。 一、对象和方法 68例CRF患者均为我院住院患者，随机分为2组；A组30例，为对照组，男16例，女14例，年龄（48±12）岁；B组38例，为治疗组，男22例，女16例，年龄（50±12）岁。A组治疗期间不控制饮食，B组治疗期间给予低蛋白麦淀粉饮食，疗程6个月。数据以x±s表示，组间比较用t检验。     

脑卒中偏瘫虚秘患者的辨证饮食调护

目的探讨脑卒中虚秘患者的辨证分型与饮食调护的方法及效果。方法将96例脑卒中偏瘫虚秘患者随机分成观察组（50例）和对照组（46例）。观察组按辨证分型进行饮食调护，对照组按便秘常规进行治疗及护理。结果观察组总有效率96.0％，平均起效时间（2.89±0.61）d；对照组总有效率67.4％，平均起效时间（4.76土0.81）d。两组治疗总有效率和起效时间比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈0.01）。结论辨证饮食调护可有效治疗脑卒中偏瘫惠者虚秘，且无不良反应，有利于患者居家治疗。     

低蛋白加α酮酸饮食对5/6肾切除大鼠残肾组织炎症因子表达及病理变化的影响

目的观察低蛋白加α酮酸饮食对5/6肾切除大鼠模型的残余肾功能保护作用及对肾组织炎症反应的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组后行5/6肾切除,术后给予不同的饮食：低蛋白加酮酸组（4％酪蛋白＋2％α酮酸）、低蛋白组（6％酪蛋白）和高蛋白组（20％酪蛋白）,同时设10只SD雄性大鼠为假手术对照组（20％酪蛋白）。检测术前及术后第4、8、12周各组尿蛋白、血白蛋白、Ser、BUN等指标。12周后处死大鼠,观察肾组织病理改变;免疫组化方法检测肾组织单核巨噬细胞抗原（ED-1）、单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1（MCP-1）及RANTES的表达情况。结果（1）术后4周起,3个切除组Scr、BUN及尿蛋白均持续升高,其中以高蛋白组最显著（P＜0．01）,而低蛋白加酮酸组升高最为缓慢;第12周时,低蛋白加酮酸组显著低于其余2组[Scr为（125．44±5．50）比（172．00±9．54）、（135．22±5．78）μmol/L;尿蛋白量（24h）为（28．36±3．69）比（92．32±34．06）、（46．62±6．19）mg,P＜0．01。（2）与高蛋白组和低蛋白组相比,低蛋白加酮酸组肾组织损害明显减轻,肾小球病理积分为0．38±0．13比0．84±0．28、0．49±0．11,P＜0．01。（3）低蛋白加酮酸组肾小管间质内MCP-1、RANTES的表达比高蛋白组及低蛋白组显著减少,同时ED-1的阳性细胞数也明显减少[肾小管间质ED-1阳性细胞为（3．59±0．78）个比（13．33±1．20）、（6．50±0．99）个,P＜0．05。结论低蛋白加酮酸饮食可改善5/6肾切除大鼠的血脂及肾功能,并可能通过抑制肾组织的慢性炎症反应,减轻残肾组织肾小球硬化和肾间质的病变程度,减少尿蛋白的排泄,从而延缓大鼠慢性肾衰的进展。     

癃畅颗粒对大鼠前列腺增生组织bcl-2基因表达影响的研究

目的探讨癃畅颗粒对治疗前列腺增生作用机制。方法采用大鼠去势后注射丙酸睾酮致前列腺增生法造模,灌胃给药后30d处死。摘取前列腺组织并测量湿重,采用PV两步法对癃畅颗粒和癃闭舒干预的大鼠前列腺增生组织进行bcl-2基因检测及组织病理学观察。结果前列腺湿重：空白组（0.61±0.03）g,模型组（0.95±0.04）g;癃闭舒组（0.73±0.02）g;癃畅颗粒低剂量组（简称癃畅低组）（0.80±0.05）g,癃畅颗粒中剂量组（简称癃畅中组）（0.78±0.07）g;癃畅颗粒高剂量组（简称癃畅高组）（0.68±0.03）g;与模型组比较P〈0.05。前列腺指数：正常组、癃闭舒组、癃畅低组、癃畅中组和癃畅高量组分别为：0.143±0.006,0.226±0.008,0.172±0.004,0.199±0.012,0.181±0.010和0.168±0.003;分别与模型组比较P〈0.05。癃畅颗粒对BPH大鼠前列腺上皮细胞bcl-2基因表达影响（平均光密度）：正常组、癃闭舒组、癃畅低组、癃畅中组和癃畅高组分别为：0.089±0.010,0.131±0.005,0.093±0.015,0.109±0.001,0.097±0.003和0.091±0.003;与模型组比较P〈0.05。结论癃畅颗粒能够有效缩小模型大鼠前列腺湿重,减轻病理变化,其作用机制可能为下调大鼠前列腺bcl-2基因表达,促进前列腺细胞凋亡。     

慢性肾衰竭患者血清骨保护素浓度与心脏瓣膜钙化的关系

目的探讨慢性肾衰竭（CRF）患者血清骨保护素（OPG）水平与心脏瓣膜钙化的关系。方法以75例CRF患者[非透析组（ND）25例,腹透组（PD）28例,血透组（HD）22例1和10例健康人（对照组）为研究对象,采用酶联免疫复合物法测定患者血清OPG水平,分析其与心脏瓣膜钙化之间的关系。结果各组CRF患者血清中OPG水平[ND组（4.77±1.74）μg/L、PD组（5.22±1.57）μg/L、HD组（5.35±1.72）μg/L]显著高于对照组[（2.04±0.57）μg/L,P〈0.01]。OPG水平与年龄（r=0.311,P〈0.05）和C反应蛋白水平（r=0.353,P〈0.01）呈正相关。根据有无心脏瓣膜钙化分组后发现,存在瓣膜钙化的CRF患者OPG水平较无瓣膜钙化组显著升高[（6.28±1.66）μg/L比（4.59±1.40）μg/L,P〈0.01]。Logistic回归分析显示血清OPG水平是CRF患者心脏瓣膜钙化发生的一项独立危险因素（P〈0.01）。结论在CRF患者中,血清OPG水平与心脏瓣膜钙化相关。     

神经肌蒂移位预防失神经肌萎缩的实验研究

目的研究神经肌蒂移位对骨骼肌失神经肌萎缩的预防作用。方法选用SD大鼠48只,随机分为四组,每组12只。建立右下肢失神经胫骨前肌加腓骨长肌神经肌蒂移位为A组;右下肢失神经胫骨前肌加腓浅神经干埋植为B组;右侧腓总神经离断,胫骨前肌失神经对照为C组;正常对照为D组。每组随机均分为两批,分别于术后6周和12周进行步态分析、电生理检测、胫前肌湿重检测和肌纤维截面积检测,并进行评价。结果术后6周,A组在步态分析（神经功能指数为-47.20±12.30）、电生理检测、胫前肌湿重检测（0.3840±0.0246g）和肌纤维截面积（1040.98±120.54μm^2等各项指标都明显优于C组（分别为-114.40±14.84、0.1730±0.0191g和585.08±182.93μm^2,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;胫前肌湿重、肌纤维截面积检测优于B组（分别为0.2940±0.0564g和763.92±82.68μm^2,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后12周A组肌纤维截面积1360.10±261.45μm^2D组1544.57±266.92μm^2较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,达到正常值范围;A组在步态分析（神经功能指数为-31.60±25.34）、电生理检测、肌纤维截面积方面均优于B、C两组,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论神经肌蒂移位对失神经肌萎缩有预防作用,对失神经肌萎缩预防效果优于神经干埋植。     

胆固醇结石患者肝脏核受体基因表达的研究

目的研究胆囊胆固醇结石患者肝脏的核受体基因：肝脏X受体α（liver Xreceptor α，LXRα、法尼醇受体（farnesoid X receptor，FXR）、人类固醇异生物受体（steroid xenobiotic receptor，SXR）及肝受体同类物1（liver receptor homolog 1，LRH-1）的表达，探讨胆固醇结石病的发病机理。方法27例胆囊胆固醇结石患者（胆石组），男6例，女21例，平均年龄（52．44±1．92）岁。10例无胆石症的胆囊息肉患者为对照（对照组），男6例，女4例，平均年龄（47．10±2．73）岁。测定胆石胆固醇成分及血清脂类成分：总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-ch）、载脂蛋白（Apo）B和ApoA1和胆汁脂类成分（胆固醇、磷脂和胆汁酸），并计算胆汁总脂和胆汁胆固醇饱和指数。实时定量PCR法测定肝脏LRH-1、FXR、SXR及LXRα基因的表达量。结果胆石组血清中HDL—ch浓度明显低于对照组[（0．93±0．05）mmol／L vs（1．33±0．09）mmol／LD，P〈0．001；ApoA1浓度也低于对照组[（1．19±0．05）g／L vs（1．36±0．06）g／L]，P〈0．05；血清ApoB、TC和TG2组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。胆石组胆汁呈胆固醇过饱和（胆固醇过饱和指数：1．17±0．02 vs 0．79±0．10，P〈0．001）；胆汁胆固醇摩尔百分比浓度较对照组升高[（7．96±0．39）mol％vs （5．26±0．89）mol％]，P〈0．01；胆汁总脂较对照组明显下降[（104．72±10．51）g／L vs （154．24±14．20）g／L]，P〈0．05；胆汁中胆汁酸和磷脂成分2组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。胆石组LRH-1表达高于对照组（14．18±1．80 vs 7．22±2．22），P〈0．05，LXRα、FXR和SXR表达2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论人类肝脏LRH-1的表达增高与胆囊胆固醇结石形成有关。     

螺旋CT肾脏灌注参数与肾功能生化检测指标的相关性研究

目的探讨64层螺旋CT肾灌注成像与肾功能生化检测指标的相关性。方法对29例患者行双侧肾脏64层螺旋CT灌注扫描，其中包括泌尿系统结石16例、肾囊肿5例、膀胱炎症4例、慢性肾功能不全4例。分别绘制肾门层面的肾皮、髓质及整体。肾实质的感兴趣区（ROI）的时间-密度曲线（TDC）。根据TDC计算。肾血流灌注参数，包括血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、平均通过时间（MTT）、达峰时间（TTP）。收集灌注前3d患者血肌酐（SCr）和血尿素氮（BUN）值。分别将SCr和BUN与各部位灌注参数进行pearson相关性分析。结果皮质BF为（171±59）ml／（min·100g）、BV（72±25）ml／100g、MTT（44±57）S、TTP（16±6）S；髓质BF（39±10）ml／（min·100g）、BV（181±82）ml／100g、MTT（305±131）S、TTP（46±8）S；整体实质BF（96±29）ml／（min·100g）、BV（125±51）ml／100g、MTT（165±72）S、TTP（30士5）S。SCr值与。肾皮质BF、BV、MTT、TTP有显著相关性（r=-0.380、0.511、0.674、0.682，P〈0.05），与髓质及整体。肾实质的灌注参数无显著相关性（P〉0.05）；BUN值与肾脏各部位的灌注参数均无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。结论肾皮质64层螺旋CT灌注成像能精确反映肾功能，与SCr值有明显相关性。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.