蛋壳粉补钙效果观察的动物实验研究

目的：探讨蛋壳粉对大鼠生长发育和吸收利用的影响，比较蛋壳粉、骨粉、碳酸钙补钙效果之差别。方法：给初断乳Wistar大鼠喂饲3周缺钙饲料后，按体重随机分为基础饲料十蛋壳粉，基础饲料十骨粉，基础饲料＋碳酸钙和基础饲料4个组，喂养12周，第5周进行3天代谢试验，实验结束时摘眼球采血，断头处死动物，测定各项指标。结果：补钙组骨钙、骨密度、骨矿物质含量，股骨重复均高于缺钙组（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。补钙组间，蛋壳组骨钙含量明显高于碳酸钙组（P＜0．05），但骨矿物质含量、骨密度、股骨重量未见差别。缺钙组钙吸收率、存留率均明显高各补钙组（P＜0．01）；在补钙组中，蛋壳钙的吸收率、存留率最高，但差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。市售骨粉铅含量超过国家标准。结论：蛋壳粉的补钙效果优于碳酸钙，其制备简单、价格低廉，安全性好，是一种值得深入研究和开发的生物钙源。     

不同钙摄入量对妊娠大鼠骨骼和子代发育的影响

目的：研究给予不同剂量钙对妊娠大鼠骨骼和子代发育的影响。方法：将初断乳大鼠按体重随机分为缺钙,适宜钙和高钙组,每组大鼠20只,喂养15周后进行交配,受孕第18天断头处死动物,测定各项指标。结果：缺钙组妊娠大鼠和未妊娠大鼠的骨钙,骨矿物质含量均明显低于适宜钙组和高钙组,在缺钙组中,妊娠大鼠的骨钙含量低于非妊娠在鼠,但在适宜钙组和高钙组中,妊娠和未妊娠大鼠骨钙含量未见差别。3组胎鼠的生长发育状况未见差别,但高钙组的胎钙含量明显高于适宜钙组和缺钙组。结论：妊娠和缺钙在降低大鼠股骨钙含量上具有协同的作用,过量补钙未见增加母体骨钙含量,但可增加胎钙含量。     

多种钙剂不同钙含量对大鼠钙吸收及骨密度的影响

以断乳Wistar大鼠为模型 ,饲以用多种钙剂配制的不同钙含量的饲料 ,第 4周做 3天钙代谢实验 ,用原子吸收分光光度法测定粪便中的钙含量 ,计算表观吸收率。 12周时处死大鼠 ,剥出股骨 ,用SD10 0 0型单光子骨矿物仪测定股骨中点和干骺端骨密度。结果显示 ,钙摄入水平不同时表观吸收率可有很大差别 ,9种补钙产品在饲料钙水平相同时 ,吸收率除活性钙、奶粉和麦片组外 ,其余与同剂量碳酸钙组比较无显著差别。各样品的低、中、高剂量实验组大鼠股骨两点的骨密度均显著高于基础饲料组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,中、高剂量实验组的大鼠股骨中点和股骨干骺端骨密度与同剂量碳酸钙组比较均没有显著差异     

孕期不同钙摄入量对孕产妇钙代谢的影响

目的　研究孕期不同钙摄入量对孕产妇钙代谢的影响。方法　 36名孕妇通过膳食指导和监测按钙摄入量水平随机分为传统膳食组、膳食钙干预组和膳食加钙剂联合干预组 ,对孕产期有关钙代谢指标、骨钙素及产后 45天骨密度监测。结果　血清钙磷各期各组间无差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ,随孕期进展钙吸收率、钙贮留量、血清碱性磷酸酶和尿羟脯氨酸增加 ,孕末期达高峰 ,产后下降 ;骨钙素也增加 ,产后仍增加 ;粪钙和尿钙降低 ,产后粪钙略增加而尿钙明显降低。母体腰椎骨密度组间差异显蓍 ( P<0 .0 1 )。钙摄入量与尿钙、钙贮留量和骨钙素呈正相关 ( r>0 .53,P<0 .0 1 ) ,与钙吸收率呈负相关 ( r=- 0 .51 ,P<0 .0 1 )。结论　我国传统膳食导致孕期低钙摄入情况下 ,母体虽可通过降低尿钙和粪钙的排泄 ,增加肠道钙吸收率和骨钙动员等调节 ,维持胎儿钙需要和自身血钙稳定 ,产生对摄入低钙的适应 ,但这种适应是有限的 ,不能达到较高钙贮留来满足妊娠期钙需要 ,对自身骨健康和代谢有一定影响 ,因此孕期应强调富钙食物、钙剂和 VD的补充     

水解牡蛎钙在大鼠体内的代谢和利用

为了解水解牡蛎钙的生物利用率，作者以含钙量相等（４５ｍｇ／ｄ）的水解牡蛎钙、碳酸钙、氯化钙喂饲缺钙动物模型大鼠４周，采用原子吸收法和ＥＤＴＡ络合滴定法测定了大鼠的血钙、尿钙、粪钙和骨钙，骨密度仪测定骨密度。结果表明，水解牡蛎钙组大鼠的钙吸收率和存留率分别为６７．３％±１６．７％和６４．６％±１７．５％，股骨骨钙含量为１３１．２±１．４８ｍｇ／ｇ，股骨骨密度（ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ）为０．３１８±０．０３４ｇ／ｃｍ２，均显著高于碳酸钙对照组。三组大鼠的血钙含量、体重增重和摄食量差异无显著性。提示水解牡蛎钙比常用钙剂碳酸钙更有利于机体的吸收和利用。     

大豆异黄酮和钙对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及微量元素的影响

目的 :探讨大豆异黄酮和钙对去卵巢大鼠的骨密度及微量元素的影响。方法 :2 8只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢组、去卵巢补钙组 [5 0mg/ (kg·d) ]和去卵巢加大豆异黄酮组 [大豆异黄酮 10 0mg/ (kg·d) ],10周后测骨密度和骨矿物含量及血清、尿液和骨骼钙、锌、铜、铁含量。结果 :实验结束后 ,去卵巢后大鼠的骨密度和骨矿物含量、骨骼钙、锌、铜、铁和血清锌、铁显著下降 ,血清钙、铜、ALP及尿钙、铜、铁显著性增高(P <0 0 1和P <0 0 5 ) ;与单纯去卵巢组比 ,大豆异黄酮组大鼠的骨密度、骨矿物含量、血清锌 ,骨骼中钙、锌、铜显著升高 ,血清钙、铜、ALP及尿钙、铜显著性下降 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 ) ,而补钙组各指标都无显著性意义。结论 :大豆异黄酮可预防去卵巢大鼠骨钙、锌、铜丢失 ,预防骨质疏松。     

钙缺乏对大鼠骨骼发育的影响及其机制探讨

在建立钙缺乏动物模型的基础上 ,利用骨形态计量学方法观察缺钙对生长期大鼠骨骼发育的影响 ,并通过测定血清有关激素的变化探讨其机制。组织形态学显示缺钙大鼠骨形成量减少 ,矿化能力降低 ,空间结构破坏 ;同时钙缺乏大鼠骨矿物质含量和骨密度均显著降低 ,血清甲状旁腺激素水平明显增高 ,降钙素水平显著降低 ;骨组织羟脯氨酸含量降低。提示钙缺乏通过影响骨骼矿物质含量、激素分泌以及有机质形成 ,使骨形态结构发生异常改变 ,最终导致骨骼发育障碍     

钙对雌性大鼠去势后骨质疏松防治作用的研究

将１０周龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为对照组（Ⅰ）及高钙组（Ⅱ），喂养７个月，测定骨密度（ＢＭＤ），骨矿物质及血清中有关内分泌激素，研究幼年及去势后补钙对骨质疏松的防治作用。结果Ⅱ组同Ⅰ组比：钙吸收率较低，去势后ＢＭＤ下降少，两组去势后ＢＭＤ的下降与去势前后的膳食含钙量呈负相关（ｒ分别为－０．７３６６，－０．８３１０），Ⅱ组的甲状旁腺素（ＰＴＨ）明显下降，骨断裂负荷与ＢＭＤ及骨钙密切相关（ｒ为０．６３４０、０．６８８１），证实大鼠自幼补钙以及去势后补充足量钙对预防去势后骨质疏松发生有一定的作用。     

硫酸软骨素加钙对卵巢切除大鼠骨密度和骨钙含量的影响

目的探讨硫酸软骨素加钙对卵巢切除大鼠模型骨密度和骨钙含量的影响。方法选用卵巢切除大鼠所诱发的骨质疏松模型，给予硫酸软骨素加钙治疗，同时设假手术组及模型对照组。3个月后测定大鼠骨密度、骨钙含量。结果发现假手术组和高剂量组大鼠股骨骨密度和股骨钙含量显著高于阴性对照组（P〈0．05）。结论表明硫酸软骨素加钙能增加卵巢切除大鼠的骨密度，对雌激素缺乏所诱发的骨钙丢失具有抑制作用。     

佳钙宝及其它钙剂中钙吸收利用率的对比研究

目的以大鼠为模型,研究市售佳钙宝的补钙效果.方法选用2周龄断乳Wastar大鼠50只,雌雄各半,饲养2周缺钙饲料后,按体重把大鼠随机分成两组对照组,饲养佳钙宝组,饲养30d,观察佳钙宝对大鼠骨骼的影响.结果食用佳钙宝组对与对照组的股骨重量、长度及骨密度等参数有显著差异,两组间差异无显著性.结论佳钙宝的补钙作用优于葡萄糖酸钙,近似于活性钙,佳钙宝是一种较好的补钙剂.     

Bioavailability of milk micellar calcium phosphate-phosphopeptide complex in rats.

We evaluated the bioavailability of two types of calcium from milk in two experiments. One was a micellar calcium phosphate-phosphopeptide (MCP-PP) complex in which the chemical form was similar to the original form of milk, and the other was a commercial whey calcium in which the chemical form was different from that of milk. In experiment 1, the calcium absorption, bone mineral density, and bone strength were examined when growing female rats were fed either MCP-PP complex or whey calcium as the sole source of calcium for 46 d. In experiment 2, the calcium solubility in the small intestine was measured when female rats were meal-fed either MCP-PP complex or whey calcium. The apparent calcium absorption rate in both groups decreased time-dependently during the experimental period, but the time-dependent change in the apparent calcium absorption rate was statistically different. It decreased more slowly in rats fed the MCP-PP diet than in rats fed the whey calcium diet. The bone mineral density of the femur in rats fed the MCP-PP diet was significantly higher than that of the rats fed the whey calcium diet. The bone strength (breaking force and energy) of the femur in rats fed the MCP-PP diet was higher than in the rats fed the whey calcium diet. The amount of soluble calcium in the small intestinal contents in rats at 2.5 h after ingestion of the MCP-PP diet was approximately three times higher than that found in rats fed the whey calcium diet. These results indicate that the calcium bioavailability of MCP-PP complex is higher than that of whey calcium, and this difference is due in part to the solubility in the intestine.     

Effects of taurine supplementation on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats fed calcium deficient diet

Taurine supplementation has been shown to have a beneficial effect on femur bone mineral content in ovariectomized rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of taurine on ovariectomized rats fed calcium deficient diet could also be reproduced. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group was OVX and the other group received sham operation (SHAM), and received either control diet or a taurine supplemented diet for 6 weeks. All rats were fed on calcium deficient diet (AIN-93: 50% level of calcium) and deionized water. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured in spine and femur. The serum and urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined. Bone formation was measured by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Bone resorption rate was measured by deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks immunoassay and corrected for creatinine. Urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion, osteocalcin in blood and cross link value were not significantly different among the groups. Within the OVX group, the taurine supplemented group had not higher femur bone mineral content than the control group. This study established the need for a study on the taurine effect on bone with different calcium levels.     

大鼠骨矿物质含量与组织中钙水平的相关性研究

用ＳＤ１０００型单光子骨矿物测定仪研究了９８只１５周龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠的股骨矿物质含量（ＢＭＣ）和骨密度（ＢＭＤ，ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ）与组织和血中钙含量的相关性。结果显示：雌、雄动物的身长、体重、骨宽度（ＢＷ）、ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＣ／体重、ＢＭＤ／体重及ＢＭＤ／身长均有显著性差异，活体ＢＭＤ与动物的钙总摄入量、身长、体重、及钙存留率显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＢＭＣ与钙总摄入量、身长、体重、性别和肝脏钙含量显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。多元回归分析表明：动物身长、体重、钙总摄入量和心脏钙含量与活体ＢＭＤ呈线性关系，动物身长和血浆钙含量与离体ＢＭＤ呈线性关系。活体测量结果ＢＭＣ、ＢＭＤ由于其与动物的生长发育、钙存留率及肌肉和血浆钙含量具有相关和直线关系，且简便易行、不需要处死动物，因而认为可以反映动物体内钙营养状况和骨质积累情况。     

补充钙及维生素D对2～3岁幼儿身长的影响

目的 分析钙与维生素D(VitD)的营养情况与2～3岁幼儿身长发育的相关性,为体格发育偏离干预提供一定理论依据。方法 回顾性分析在2019年9月—2021年6月西北妇女儿童医院儿童保健科常规体检的204例幼儿(年龄2～3岁)的临床资料。对这些幼儿进行标准体格测量和对其既往钙和维生素D的补充情况以问卷形式进行回顾性调查,同时检测儿童的血清25-(OH)D和骨密度。对体格发育情况与钙和VitD的营养状况采用了Spearman相关及Logistic多因素回归分析等方法进行统计学分析。结果 每日平均补充VitD剂量的中位数为569.5 U,204例幼儿血清25-(OH)D的中位数为35.60 ng/dl。VitD缺乏检出率1.96%、不足检出率0.98%、充足检出率97.06%,无VitD过量;骨密度中位数为P64.0;单因素Spearman秩相关分析显示,每日平均补充VitD的剂量和每日平均补充钙剂量均与身长呈正相关(r=0.172、0.213,P<0.05);骨密度与身长呈负相关(r=-0.138,P<0.05);多因素Logistics回归分析显示,每日平均补充钙剂量与身长呈...     

葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨骼质量的影响

目的:观察葛根异黄酮(TIP)对去卵巢大鼠骨骼质量的影响。方法:选用健康成年SD雌性大鼠40只,随机分为5组:假手术组、模型对照组、低、中、高剂量TIP组;假手术组切除卵巢旁脂肪组织,其余各组均切除双侧卵巢,建立去卵巢大鼠动物模型。按25、50、100 mg/kg 3个剂量的TIP分别给去卵巢大鼠灌胃3个月,实验结束后处死大鼠,用相关方法检测骨骼质量变化的指标。结果:中、高剂量TIP组动物的体重与相对应时相的模型组比较均有下降(P<0.05);中、高剂量TIP组大鼠股骨重量、骨钙含量与模型对照组比较增加(P<0.05);高剂量TIP组大鼠的血清钙含量增高,血清磷、骨钙素和碱性磷酸酶含量均低于模型对照组(P<0.05);中、高剂量TIP组大鼠的股中心BMD和远心BMD均随葛根异黄酮剂量的增加而增加,呈剂量—效应关系,与模型对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:一定剂量葛根异黄酮能提高骨钙含量、增加骨密度,对去卵巢大鼠骨骼质量有明显的改善作用。     

Nondigestible oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and suppress bone resorption in ovariectomized rats

Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) including inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have been reported to stimulate calcium absorption. Here we report the effect of a mixture of inulin and FOS (Raftilose Synergy 1, Orafti) on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. OVX rats (6 mo old) were fed a semipurified diet for 3 mo in our animal care laboratory for stabilization after ovariectomy. They were then divided into two groups (n = 13/group) and fed either a control or a NDO-supplemented diet (55 g/kg) for 21 d. Catheters were placed in their jugular veins. After 2 d, a tracer ((45)Ca) was administered by gavage or i.v. and blood was sampled for up to 300 min. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after (45)Ca administration. Femurs were measured for bone mineral density (BMD), breaking strength, and total calcium. Calcium absorption, femoral calcium content, BMD, and bone balance (V(bal)) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) by NDO, whereas the bone resorption rate relative to the bone formation rate was significantly depressed by NDO. We conclude that feeding NDO at 5.5 g/100 g for 21 d has a positive effect on calcium absorption and retention in ovariectomized rats.     

断乳后低钙膳食对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖影响

目的探讨断乳后低钙膳食对高脂膳食大鼠肥胖的影响。方法80只刚断乳雄性Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为2组,分别给予低钙或正常钙膳食3周,然后以正常饲料喂养3周。第6周末各组动物又随机分成2组,分别喂饲高脂饲料和基础饲料,观察肥胖发生情况。结果断乳后低钙膳食大鼠食用高脂饲料后体脂含量、血脂、瘦素水平显著升高,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）水平显著降低。结论断乳后给予低钙膳食可能促进高脂膳食大鼠肥胖的发生。     

酶解骨粉对大鼠钙吸收及骨密度的影响

目的 观察酶解牛骨粉、超微酶解牛骨粉、酶解鱼骨粉的补钙效果.方法 90只SPF级4周龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为9组:酶解牛骨粉、超微酶解牛骨粉、酶解鱼骨粉、碳酸钙低、高剂量组以及低钙对照组,喂养13周.于试验第3周末做代谢试验,测量钙吸收率和骨密度.结果 酶解骨粉钙表观吸收率34.0%～67.93%,均明显低于低钙对照组(...