护生护患沟通技巧的规范培训与临床应用

护患沟通不仅是护士与病人或者家属之间信息交流的过程，也是与之发生相互联系的主要形式。在实施整体护理的过程中，对病人的评估、咨询、健康教育、护理实施、护理评价等几乎所有的护理环节中都需要护士应用沟通技巧。我科自2005年起在临床实习护生教学过程中，按护理程序框架设计操作流程表，加强护生护患沟通技巧的规范培训，收到良好效果。现将培训方法和体会报告如下。     

社区护理的沟通原则与技巧

社区护理的沟通主要是指社区护士在工作过程中与病人及其家属陪人之间的沟通.护士工作的性质特点使护士成为与病人接触机会最多的医务工作者;随着社区服务的不断加强和壮大,及时周到,廉价有效的护理服务受到患者的青睐,因此护患沟通在社区护理服务中显得尤为重要.     

护理带教中护患纠纷的应对措施

目的 探讨护理临床教学中引发护忠纠纷的防范对策,增强实习护生防范护理纠纷的能力.方法 调查分析临床护理教学中引发护理纠纷的原因.结果 护理人力资源不足,带教老师及护生法律意识淡漠,护生的不熟练技术操作及与患者沟通的缺乏等是诱发护理纠纷的重要原因.结论 重视带教老师的选择与管理,提高带教老师和护生的法律意识,加强知识技能培训,规范护理记录,把握沟通技巧等可将护患纠纷消灭在萌芽状态.     

呼吸系统解剖学要点在呼吸内科护理操作技术带教中的应用

目的 探讨呼吸系统解剖学要点在呼吸内科护理操作技术带教中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年10月-2021年9月在本院实习的护理毕业生共62人，依据实习时间分为试验组31人和对照组31人。对照组采用传统模式实施呼吸内科护理带教，试验组在对照组基础上结合呼吸系统解剖学要点进行呼吸内科护理带教。评价两组的出科考试成绩、综合能力（临床思维判断能力、发现和解决问题能力、护患沟通能力及主动获取知识能力）及满意度。结果 试验组理论考核与专科护理技能出科考核成绩均高于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组护生的临床思维判断能力、发现和解决问题能力、护患沟通能力及主动获取知识能力均优于对照组（P<0.05）；试验组护生对教学方法的满意度（96.77%）高于对照组（80.65%,P<0.05）。结论 以呼吸系统解剖学要点为指导的呼吸内科护理操作技术带教显著提高了护生对呼吸科护理理论、专科护理技能掌握水平、综合素质，有助于培养呼吸内科护理专科人才。     

心内科护士对护理语言的应用

护理语言是护士与病人沟通的最基本、最重要的工具.护患之间有效的沟通,主要是建立在护士对病人真减的帮助和彼此的语言沟通上.     

教学组长在临床护理教学中的作用及评价

目的：探讨教学组长在临床护理教学中的作用并进行评价。方法每个临床科室选出具有本科学历,7~15年工作经历,具有护师-主管护师职称的教学组长1名。采取问卷调查、基础护理、操作考核、小讲课、护理查房、理论考试等综合考核方法,考评护生的优良率。结果五项综合技能考核结果显示,平均优良率为86.6%。护生学习的积极性极大的提高起来。结论教学组长的设置,能够提升护生的人文素质,使护生创造性思维得到良好的培养,沟通技巧有效的加强,而且还使基础护理意识不断的增加,临床护理教学质量得到了广泛的提高。     

五官科护生沟通能力训练的效果初探

目的探讨强化的沟通训练对护理实习生(护生)沟通能力的影响。方法五官科对2011~2012年两届416名轮转护生进行沟通意义、沟通技巧、沟通形式等内容进行培训,同时应用护患沟通情景竞赛、演讲竞赛、护生对患者进行健康教育授课、建立护患沟通记录单等形式进行强化沟通训练,提高护生的沟通能力。结果五官科开展护生沟通能力的培训后,提高了护生的沟通能力,提高了护生的综合素质和业务能力,提高了患者满意度,提高了带教老师对护生的满意度,减少了护理隐患的发生。结论提高护生沟通能力对于临床护理工作起到了重要作用,取得了满意效果。     

实习护生在手术室带教方式探讨

目的 探讨实习生在手术室的带教方式,提高教学质量.方法 回顾性地分析带教过中的经验.结果 实习护生希望带教老师尊重自己,能以温和的语气与他们交流,传授手术室各项操作、技能等.结论 手术室临床带教应采用恰当的教学方法与学生沟通,使实习护生在较短的时间内掌握手术室护理的各项技能.     

护理技术操作在解剖学课程建设中的探索与实践

护理技术操作解剖学是介于解剖学与护理技术操作之间的边缘学科,是护理专业课程体系中的一门全新的课程[1]。目前,国内外各医学类院校的护理专业中还未见有护理技术操作解剖学的课程。通过该课程建设,可以整合临床各项护理技术操作与相关的解剖结构,以强化护生的与生活护理有关的应用     

护生护理操作考试焦虑研究

探讨参加护理操作考试的大学护生的考试焦虑源。采用考试焦虑量表、对270名不同层次的大学护生进行调查。在考试焦虑总得分方面,本科生和专科生之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),专科生明显比本科生更焦虑,男生和女生之间差异无统计学意义。护理教育者对不同层次的护生要有针对性进行预防和缓解他们的护理操作考试焦虑,正确引导学生对考试成绩的认知。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995