部分性脾栓塞术的临床应用

通过对２０例肝硬化脾机能亢进的部分性脾动脉栓塞术ＰＳＥ治疗分析，认为：（１）超选择脾动脉是ＰＳＥ成功的关键，以ＲＨ管成功率高。（２）栓塞面积，单纯改善脾机能亢进，栓塞面积３０－４０％为宜。既改善脾机能亢进，又降低门脉压力，栓塞面积６０－８０％为宜，（３）部分性脾栓塞对降低门脉压力有一定的作用，但降压作用有限。     

大剂量华蟾素治疗脾肿大的序贯试验研究

用开放型单向量反应序贯试验方法，对原发性肝癌伴门脉性肝硬化脾大９例患者，以大剂量华蟾素输注辅以综合保肝措施治疗进行了观察，结果６例脾脏明显缩小，缩小范围在１～２ｃｍ，外周血白细胞计数上升至３．９±０．５７×１０９／Ｌ血小板计数６８．１１±１３．６７×１０９／Ｌ。提示通过抗癌、抗炎、消肿改善肝脏功能和门脉循环，可有效地缩小肿大的脾脏。     

超选部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压、脾功能亢进

目的 探讨超选下行部分脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压及脾亢的疗效及安全性.方法 31例肝炎肝硬化患者,均有门脉高压及脾功能亢进,超选下行中下极脾动脉栓塞,注入5%鱼肝油酸钠6-10ml,随访6个月,观测临床症状、血象、门静脉脾动脉血流、胃镜等.结果 脾栓塞面积40%～70%,术后均出现发热,28例出现脾区疼痛,1例出现脾脓肿,穿刺引流后好转.栓塞后白细胞、血小板明显升高,门静脉、脾动脉血流明显下降,15例复查胃镜食管静脉曲张好转.结论 超选下部分脾栓塞是治疗肝硬化门脉高压、脾亢的一种安全、有效的方法.     

脾栓塞术治疗15例肝硬化脾功能亢进

为论证脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化所致脾功能亢进疗效，对１５例住院病人采用经皮脾动脉栓塞术栓塞脾动脉外周分支，平均栓塞面积５０％。术前、术后观测外周血象、肝脾Ｂ超和胃镜。栓塞后／前对比发现平均外周血白细胞上升７５．２４％，血小板上升１８．５０％，血红蛋白上升７．５１％，门静脉直径缩小１３．０２％，脾静脉缩小２３．７３％，脾厚度缩小１０．４５％。结果表明脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进能改善脾亢和降低门脉高压。     

脾栓塞术治疗15例肝硬化脾功能亢进

为论证脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化所致脾功能亢进疗效，对１５例住院病人采用经皮脾动脉栓塞术栓塞脾动脉外周分支，平均栓塞面积５０％。术前、术后观测外周血象、肝脾８超和胃镜。栓塞后／前对比发现平均外周血白细胞上升７５．２４％，血小板上升１８．５０％，血红蛋白上升７．５１％，门静脉直径缩小１３．０２％，脾静脉缩小２３．７３％，脾厚度缩小１０．４５％。结果表明脾栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进能改善脾亢和降低门脉高压。     

保留脾下极大部脾切除及脾腹膜后固定术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症

目的 为了进一步完善肝硬化门脉高压症保留脾脏的术式。方法 创用保留脾下极脾大部切除，脾去被膜化残脾大网膜腹膜后固定术。结果 临床应用25例，无手术死亡、术后无呕血、便血发生，胶水消退，肝功能显改善，经B型超声、CT、免疫功能等监测，证实保留脾脏吞噬功能良好，无脾亢复发。结论 保留脾下极脾大部切除残脾大网膜腹膜后固定是一种治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的理想术式。     

脾动脉栓塞术在肝硬化脾功能亢进治疗中的应用

目的 评价23例（28例次）脾动脉栓塞术在肝硬化脾功能亢进治疗中的作用。方法 术前患者外周血细胞计数表现为血小板减少或合并另一项血细胞减少，或外周血细胞计数三系均低。选择性的将导管插入脾动脉，造影并分析脾动脉分支及胰腺、胃分吏隋况。然后应用明胶海绵颗粒进行脾动脉栓塞术。结果 脾动脉插管成功率100％。23例患者共进行28例次栓塞，一次栓塞18例，二次栓塞5例。所有病人术后1个月内外周血细胞计数升至正常。所有病人术后脾静脉和门静脉宽度均有不同程度减小。绝大多数患者出现栓塞后综合征，主要表现为发热和左上腹部疼痛，无严重并发症。结论 部分性脾动脉栓塞术对于治疗肝硬化并发门脉高压、脾功能亢进症，是一种安全有效的方法。既可保留脾脏的免疫功能，在一定程度上可减轻门脉压力。可以取代脾脏切除术。     

部分脾动脉栓塞治疗肝硬化并脾功能亢进的临床研究

目的：探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压及脾功能亢进的疗效及应用价值。方法：采用Seldinger技术行脾动脉栓塞术观察其外周血细胞变化、脾脏大小及门脉内径改变。结果：白细胞PSE后1—3天升高明显超过正常值，血小板1—3天后开始升高，血红蛋白术前后无明显变化，6-12月门脉宽度及脾脏显著性缩小，肝功能明显改善，食管静脉曲张程度减轻。结论：PSE是治疗肝硬化门脉高压及脾功能亢进的一种安全、有效、损伤小的治疗方法。     

脾动脉栓塞治疗肝硬化并脾功能亢进3例

脾动脉栓塞治疗肝硬化并脾功能亢进３例张为忠１纪霞２王宗信１程楷１１９９３年以来，我们对３例肝硬化并脾功能亢进的病人行脾栓塞疗法，效果满意。报告如下。临床资料３例病人均为男性，年龄分别为１９，４８和５１岁。均为肝炎后肝硬化、门脉高压、脾大并脾功能亢进、...     

脾栓塞在杆硬化中应用效果观察

肝硬化失代偿期引起脾大、脾功能亢进。栓塞一部分脾脏不但能减轻脾功能亢进所引起的白细胞及血小板减少 ,而且还能保留一部分脾脏功能。1 998年 7月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月本院共栓塞肝硬化失代偿期2 1例 ,现报道资料完整的 1 4例 ,以探讨脾栓塞在肝硬化中的应用。1　材料与方法1 .1　一般资料 :本组 1 4例均为肝炎后肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张和脾功能亢进患者。其中男性 1 0例 ,女性 4例 ;年龄 36～ 68岁 ,平均 48岁。术前均胃镜、B超及血常规化验证实为门脉高压和脾功能亢进。1 .2　方法 :穿刺右股动脉 ,将导管置入脾动脉中段后造影 ,然后经…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.