黄芪对大鼠睾丸扭转/复位模型保护作用的研究

目的:探讨黄芪注射液对大鼠睾丸扭转/复位模型的保护作用。方法:将30只健康雄性Wistar大鼠分为3组。分别为假手术对照组(A组,n=10);睾丸扭转/复位组(B组,n=10);睾丸扭转/复位+腹腔内注射黄芪注射液组(C组,n=10)。按Turner法建立睾丸扭转模型,喂养至术后7d处死,切取扭转侧睾丸检测凋亡指数(AI)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力及丙二醛含量。结果:A、B、C三组扭转侧睾丸AI分别为5.82±1.21、36.18±8.40、20.39±3.57,B、C组明显高于对照组(P(0.05),B组明显高于C组(P(0.05)。A、B、C三组扭转侧睾丸谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力分别为48.03±2.01、30.93±1.25、38.44±1.06U/mg;丙二醛含量分别为1.43±0.17、3.98±0.36、2.57±0.53nmol/ml,三组之间比较均有显著性差异(P(0.05)。结论:黄芪注射液可明显减少扭转侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,保护谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力,减轻脂质过氧化程度。     

地塞米松对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后保护作用的研究

目的探讨地塞米松对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后的保护作用.方法24只成年健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组A组为睾丸扭转复位加生理盐水组,B组为睾丸扭转复位加地塞米松组,C组为对照组.建立单侧睾丸扭转复位模型.术后24h取手术侧睾丸,化学比色法测定睾丸组织的SOD、CAT、MPO活性和MDA含量,光镜观察病理学变化.结果与A组相比,B组的MDA含量和MPO活性降低(P＜0.01),SOD和CAT的活性增高(P＜0.01),睾丸被膜下白细胞浸润减少,无间质水肿.结论地塞米松可减轻大鼠睾丸扭转复位后的再灌注损伤,对睾丸有保护作用.     

高压氧对睾丸扭转/复位后生精细胞凋亡的作用

目的 探讨单侧睾丸扭转/复位后睾丸细胞凋亡状况和高压氧(HBO)的干预作用。方法 32只青春期 Wistar大鼠随机等分为 4组,1组为对照组,2～4组制成单侧睾丸扭转/复位模型(扭转 720°、2 h后复位),3组、4组分别于睾丸复位前和复位后立即予以 60 min HBO治疗。术后48 h获取双侧睾丸,原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)观察细胞凋亡,常规染色观察病理学改变。结果 与1组比较,2组扭转侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡增加(P<0.01)、病理损害明显;对侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡增加(P<0.01)。3～4组尤其是4组扭转侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡较2组明显减少(P<0.01)、病理损害减轻;对侧睾丸细胞凋亡较1组无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论 单侧睾丸扭转复位后,双侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡增加,复位前和复位后早期HBO治疗能明显减少细胞凋亡的发生。     

葡萄籽原花青素对小鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的保护作用

目的:探讨葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)对小鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的保护作用。方法:24只健康雄性昆明小白鼠(8周龄,25～27 g)随机分为3组:对照组、扭转组、治疗组,每组8只。扭转组及治疗组建立单侧睾丸扭转复位动物模型,治疗组于扭转复位前30 min腹腔注射GSP(50 mg/kg),术后采用腹腔注射方式连续给药3 d,每天1次,每次50 mg/kg。扭转组方法同治疗组,治疗同体积生理盐水。术后第4天取扭转侧睾丸,检测组织病理学参数和生精细胞凋亡指数(AI),并检测睾丸组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。对照组行假手术。结果:治疗组与扭转组相比,Johnsen评分上升[(7.38±0.92)分vs(5.00±1.85)分,P<0.05],生精小管直径略增大[(178.75±1.58)μm vs(176.50±1.60)μm,P>0.05],生精细胞层数增加[(5.75±0.71)层vs(3.75±1.03)层,P<0.05],生精细胞凋亡指数AI明显降低[(16.25±1.67)%vs(40.50±1.60)%,P<0.05)],SOD活性明显上升[(52.67±3.57)U/mg prot vs(29.04±4.46)U/mg prot,P<0.05],MDA含量明显下降[(2.91±0.04)nmol/mg prot vs(4.63±0.05)nmol/mg prot,P<0.05]。结论:GSP对小鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能损伤有明显的保护作用,其作用机制可能与其能清除氧自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、提高机体抗氧化能力有关。     

生脉注射液对不同周龄大鼠睾丸扭转复位后睾丸损伤影响的研究

目的:探讨生脉注射液对不同周龄大鼠睾丸扭转复位后睾丸损伤影响的差异。方法:3、6、12周龄健康雄性SD大鼠各16只,随机分成睾丸扭转复位+注射生脉注射液组(实验组)和睾丸扭转复位+注射生理盐水组(对照组),每组8只,建立睾丸扭转动物模型(左侧阴囊切开,绕精索顺时针扭转睾丸720°2h),并于手术后24h处死,测定各组大鼠睾丸组织内总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与各自对照组比较,3、6周实验组大鼠左侧睾丸组织中T-AOC、SOD活性和MDA含量均无显著性改变(P>0.05);12周实验组大鼠左侧睾丸组织中SOD、T-AOC明显升高,而MDA含量显著降低,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:生脉注射液对睾丸扭转复位后的缺血再灌注急性损伤有保护作用,但对不同周龄大鼠的再灌注损伤保护作用不同,存在年龄相关性差异,对较大周龄大鼠的急性保护作用较为明显。     

黄芪注射液对大鼠扭转复位后睾丸组织的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪注射液对雄性Wistar大鼠扭转复位后睾丸的保护作用。方法:30只大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、睾丸扭转复位组(B组)、黄芪注射液治疗组(C组),每组10只,Turner法建立单侧睾丸扭转复位模型,原位缺口末端标记法检测各组睾丸组织中生殖细胞凋亡,化学比色法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:黄芪注射液治疗组与睾丸扭转复位组比较,SOD含量明显升高,MDA含量明显降低,生精细胞凋亡指数明显降低。睾丸扭转复位组、黄芪注射液治疗组与假手术对照组比较,SOD含量明显降低,MDA含量明显升高,生精细胞凋亡指数明显升高。结论:黄芪注射液可减少大鼠睾丸扭转复位后睾丸组织的双侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,对扭转复位后睾丸生殖细胞有保护作用。其机理可能与提高抗氧化酶活性及减少氧自由基的产生从而减轻大鼠睾丸扭转复位后的缺血再灌注损伤有关。     

单侧睾丸扭转对生殖细胞凋亡及黄芪保护作用的实验研究

目的观察大鼠单侧睾丸扭转／复位后患侧和对侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡情况,探讨单侧睾丸扭转／复位后生殖能力下降的机制以及黄芪注射液对其再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组,分别为假手术对照组（A组）,睾丸扭转／复位组（B组）,睾丸扭转／复位＋单次腹腔内注射黄芪注射液组（C组）及扭转／复位十连续腹腔内注射黄芪注射液组（D组）,每组10只。按Turner法建立睾丸扭转／复位模型,所有大鼠均在同等条件下喂养至术后7d处死,切取双侧睾丸后检测凋亡指数。结果扭转侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡指数（AI）A组（5．82±1．21）与B组（36．18±8．40）、C组（20．39±3．57）、D组（11．61±5．12）相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,B组明显高于C组及D组（P〈0．05）,C组与D组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;B组对侧睾丸（12．95±3．06）与C组（9．45±1．71）、D组（7．56±1．06）两组对侧睾丸AI相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,C、D两组对侧睾丸AI差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论单侧睾丸扭转可致患侧和对侧睾丸生精细胞凋亡明显增加,黄芪注射液可明显减少双侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡,连续应用黄芪注射液优于单次应用。     

大鼠一侧睾丸扭转对侧睾丸改变的实验研究

目的 :研究一侧睾丸扭转 (UTT)后对侧睾丸组织学及生精细胞凋亡的改变 ,以明确UTT后对侧睾丸是否存在损伤。　方法 :SD雄性大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为实验组 (n =4 8)及对照组 (n =12 )。实验组采用Turner方法建立左侧睾丸扭转模型 ,于扭转后 6h处死 4只 ,其余 4 4只再分为扭转睾丸复位及切除组 ,分别于术后 1d、1周、4周处死7～ 8只 ,取睾丸组织进行组织学及生精细胞凋亡的检测。　结果 :UTT复位后对侧睾丸组织学发生明显改变 ,生精细胞凋亡指数明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。扭转睾丸切除后对侧睾丸变化不明显。　结论 :UTT可引起对侧睾丸损伤 ,其机制可能与再灌注有关 ,扭转睾丸切除可防止或减轻对侧睾丸的损伤     

低温对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生殖细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨低温对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生殖细胞凋亡的影响。方法 24只健康青春期SD雄性大鼠随机分为三组:A组为睾丸扭转组,B组为睾丸扭转加低温组,C组为对照组。建立单侧睾丸扭转模型。术后第14天采集睾丸。原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测其生殖细胞凋亡指数(AI),光镜下观察睾丸组织学变化。结果 B组AI明显低于A组(P<0.01),而高于C组(P<0.01)。结论 低温能够提高扭转睾丸耐缺血能力,减少睾丸扭转复位后生殖细胞凋亡。     

己酮可可碱对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的保护

目的:探讨己酮可可碱(PTX)对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的保护作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分成3组,每组8只,建立睾丸扭转动物模型。第Ⅰ组为假手术组(扭转720°后立即复位),第Ⅱ、Ⅲ组扭转720°2 h,于复位前15 m in分别静脉注射生理盐水和PTX,术后24 h留取手术侧睾丸。应用流式细胞术(FCM)检测各组生精细胞凋亡和各级生精细胞计数,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,化学比色法测定组织内总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果:第Ⅲ组应用PTX后与第Ⅱ组相比,生精细胞凋亡明显减少(399.50±33.31vs1221.75±132.48,P<0.01),单倍体和四倍体细胞群计数显著增多(5554.13±441.28vs4102.35±206.98;1906.00±200.72vs1711.63±144.55,P均<0.01;),T-AOC明显回升(32.52±2.86vs22.76±3.73,P<0.01),MDA含量下降(1.78±0.20vs3.98±0.36,P<0.01),其差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:己酮可可碱对睾丸扭转复位后的生精功能具有明显的保护作用。     

“生精散”对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的影响及其机制研究

目的:研究"生精散"对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后生精功能的影响及其机制。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组),对照组(B组),生精散组小(C组)、中(D组)、大剂量组(E组),每组8只。建立左侧睾丸扭转模型,B组自扭转前1 h开始给予每日灌胃生理盐水1 ml/d,C组(0.01 g/kg.d)、D组(0.02 g/kg.d)、E组(0.03 g/kg.d)分别按体重给予灌服生精散,连续35 d后处死大鼠,对大鼠进行精液常规分析,用RT-PCR检测大鼠精子CatSper1的表达。结果:a+b级精子百分率、精子存活率、精子浓度,CatSper1基因表达,与A组[(51.30±6.60)%、(69.01±7.20)%、(40.53±7.01)×106/ml、2.04±0.77]相比,B组[(15.30±6.30)%、(44.42±6.36)%、(21.00±6.14)×106/ml、1.12±0.50),均显著降低(P<0.01);与B组相比,D组[(51.63±3.20)%、(72.09±2.20)%、(55.30±5.90)×106/ml、2.11±0.20]、E组[(55.93±3.17)%、(73.01±2.11)%、(58.33±4.90)×106/ml、2.31±0.17]均显著升高(P<0.01),而C组[(18.02±0.23)%、(48.04±7.01)%、(22.87±2.10)106/ml、1.19±0.51]升高不明显(P>0.05)。结论:生精散可以促进睾丸扭转复位后精子质量的恢复,其机制可能与调节生精功能,提高精子细胞CatSper1基因的表达有关。     

大鼠单侧睾丸扭转复位后对对侧睾丸的影响

目的研究大鼠单侧睾丸扭转复位后对对侧睾丸的影响。方法16只成年健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(n=8)和对照组(n=8)；建立单侧睾丸扭转复位模型。术后30d取扭转对侧睾丸,采用原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测生殖细胞凋亡,光镜下计数精子数。结果与对照组相比,实验组对侧的睾丸重量和日产精子量都有显著性差异(P＜0.05),实验组生殖细胞凋亡显著增多(P＜0.01)。结论大鼠单侧睾丸扭转后,对侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡增多可能是导致不育的原因之一。     

大鼠睾丸扭转生殖细胞凋亡与抗氧化酶和Bcl-2基因表达的关系

目的　探讨睾丸扭转复位后生殖细胞凋亡及其发生机制。方法　建立单侧睾丸扭转复位大鼠模型(72 0° ,2h)。术后 72小时取手术侧睾丸 ,采用TUNEL法检测生殖细胞凋亡 ,免疫组化SP法检测Bcl 2基因表达 ,并测定睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性。结果　实验组手术侧睾丸生殖细胞凋亡增多 ,Bcl 2基因低表达 ,SOD和CAT活性下降 ,与对照组相比 ,两组差别具有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　睾丸扭转复位后生殖细胞凋亡增多与Bcl 2基因低表达和抗氧化酶活性下降有关。     

Dose-dependent protective effect of sildenafil citrate on testicular injury after torsion/detorsion in rats

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil citrate on testicular injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Thirty-seven adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: sham operated group (group 1), T/D+ saline (group 2), T/D+ 0.7 mg sildenafil citrate (group 3) and T/D+ 1.4 mg sildenafil citrate (group 4). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h in other groups, except for group 1, which was served as sham group. The level of GSH (P < 0.05) in the testis in the group 2 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the levels of MDA and NO (P < 0.01 for both) in the testis were significantly higher when compared with those of the group 1. Administration of low dose sildenafil citrate prevented the increases in MDA and NO levels and decreases in GSH values induced by testicular torsion. However, administration of high dose sildenafil citrate did not have any effect on these testicular tissue parameters (P > 0.05). Also, mean values of seminiferous tubules diameters, germinal cell layer thicknesses and mean testicular biopsy score were significantly better in group 3 than groups 2 and 4. These results suggest that T/D injury occurred in testis after unilateral testicular T/D and that administration of low dose sildenafil citrate before detorsion prevents ischemia/reperfusion cellular damage in testicular torsion. Sildenafil citrate probably acts through reduction of reactive oxygen species and support antioxidant enzyme systems.     

Role of endogenous cannabinoids in ischemia/reperfusion injury following testicular torsion in rats

Objectives:   The role of endogenous cannabinoids in ischemia/reperfusion induced germ cell apoptosis in rats was investigated.
Methods:   Baseline group was for basal normal values. The Sham operated group served as a control group. The torsion/detorsion (T/D) group underwent torsion (1 h) and detorsion; AN1, AN2, and AN3 groups received anandamide (10 mg/kg) 30 min before torsion, 30 min after torsion, and just after detorsion, respectively. In the AM251 group, AM251 (0.5 mg/kg) was injected 45 min before torsion and in the AN/AM group, AM251 and anandamide were injected 45 and 30 min before torsion, respectively. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and germ cell apoptosis was determined.
Results:   Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the T/D group were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, MDA values in the AN1, AN2, and AN3 groups were significantly lower than T/D. There were significant decreases in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the T/D group versus the control group. These values in the AN1, AN2, and AN3 groups were significantly higher than T/D. It was also shown that MDA levels in the AN/AM group were significantly higher than the AN1 group. In the AN/AM group, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly lower versus the AN1 group. The mean germ cell apoptosis scores in all animals with testicular T/D were significantly higher than the control group. There was no difference between the apoptotic indices in the AN1, AN2, AN3, and T/D groups. Apoptosis scores in AM251 and AN/AM were significantly higher compared with the T/D and AN1 groups.
Conclusions:   Although anandamide increased antioxidant markers, it failed to reduce germ cell apoptosis. AM251 worsened the antioxidant defense system, which is reflected as higher germ cell apoptosis.     

Milrinone ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in experimental testicular torsion/detorsion rat model

This experimental study aims to evaluate the efficacy of milrinone against ischaemia-reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion. Group 1 was defined as the control group. Testicular torsion/detorsion model was performed in Group 2. Group 3 had similar procedures to the rats in Group 2. In addition, 0.5 mg/kg of milrinone was administered intraperitoneally immediately after testicular torsion in Group 3. Histopathological examinations indicated a dramatic improvement in terms of inflammation, haemorrhage, oedema, congestion, Cosentino and Johnson scores in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .037, p = .045, p = .018, p = .040, p = .033 and p = .03 respectively). Blood biochemical analyses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels increased significantly in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .001, p = .024 and p < .001). Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels decreased in Group 3 compared to Group 2 (p = .001, p = .018, p < .001, p = .036 and p = .002 respectively). Tissue biochemical analyses determined an increase in SOD and GSH-px activity in Group 3 compared to Group 2, while PC and MDA levels were reduced (p = .001, p < .001, p = .038 and p < .001 respectively). Milrinone attenuates ischaemia-reperfusion injury that causes highly harmful effects due to testicular torsion/detorsion.