CVVH治疗ARDS患者对其炎症因子相关指标及血气影响分析

【】目的 分析床旁连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)应用于急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)治疗对其炎症因子水平及血气影响。方法 选取2014年8月至2015年12月我院收治的ARDS患者76例为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组与对照组,对照组患者仅给予基础治疗,观察组患者在基础治疗基础上给予CVVH治疗,对比两组患者治疗前后肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及血气分析。结果 与治疗前对比,治疗后观察组与对照组患者的TNG-α、CRP、IL-6、PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2、HCO3-水平均显著改善,且治疗后,观察组较对照组患者的TNG-α、CRP、IL-6、PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2、HCO3-水平改善更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访结果显示,观察组半年生存率为65.00%,对照组半年生存率为47.22%,两组对比,观察组半年生存率显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于ARDS患者在基础治疗的基础上连用CVVH治疗能够显著提高炎症因子清除效果,并能改善凝血和呼吸功能,提高治疗疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

连续性静脉静脉血液滤过治疗肝肾综合征的临床研究

目的:观察连续性静脉静脉血液滤过(continuous venovenous hemofiltration,CVVH)治疗肝肾综合征(hepatorenal syndrome,HRS)的疗效。方法:32例HRS患者随机分为两组,治疗组16例采用CVVH治疗,对照组16例采用单纯药物治疗,两组患者均接收一般内科治疗。结果:治疗后治疗组患者肾功能、电解质、平均动脉压的改善水平与对照组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);生存率较对照组高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:CV-VH是治疗肝硬化并发HRS的有效方法。     

Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: 6-year experience

Background. Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) could be reasonable for attenuation of systemic complications in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The aim of the study was implementation and feasibility assessment of the CVVH in the treatment protocol of SAP. Patients and methods. CVVH was applied to 111 SAP patients during 2000–2005. APACHE II, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), serum lipase, C-reactive protein (CRP), complication rate and main outcomes were analysed comparing two periods. Results. Overall, 39 patients corresponded to Balthazar grade E SAP and 72 patients to necrotizing SAP (NSAP), with an average APACHE II score of 7 and 8.5, respectively, on admission. CVVH was started within 48 h in 82% of patients. Duration of CVVH was significantly augmented in NSAP patients during the routine period, comprising 92 h (p=0.006). The clinical presentation of SIRS and MODS was similar in both periods, with more initial pulmonary dysfunctions in NSAP (p=0.048). Peripancreatic infection decreased in the routine period; surgical interventions were performed in 34.8% vs 72.4% of patients. Hospital stay comprised on average 15.9 days for grade E SAP and 29.4 days for NSAP in the routine period, with overall mortality of 10.26% and 30.5%, respectively. Discussion. Application of CVVH in the treatment protocol of SAP is obscure due to relative invasiveness, a poorly understood mechanism of action and scarce clinical experience. We conclude that early pre-emptive application of CVVH is safe and feasible in the treatment of SAP. Duration of the procedure seems to be essential. Randomized clinical trials are justified. Our results are in favour of clinical application of CVVH in the treatment of SAP.     

持续静脉-静脉血液滤过对危重症甲型H1N1流感患者呼吸功能的影响

目的 探讨持续静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对危重症甲型H1N1流感患者呼吸功能的影响.方法 通过对入选的10例甲型H1N1流感危重症患者在常规治疗的基础上联合应用CVVH治疗,分别观察干预前及干预后24 h、48 h、72 h、120 h的血清炎性介质水平[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、IL-8...     

Efficacy of separated system continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critical acute kidney injury

Integrated system continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), the most popularly utilized mode for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), needs a sophisticated and expensive machine that is available only in limited critical care units. Separated system CVVH, which can be simply set up, might be an effectively alternative to CRRT. A one-year prospective observational study regarding the efficacy of separated system CVVH was conducted with 192 critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. All patients underwent separated system CVVH with the pre-dilution mode and a mean CVVH dose of 34.9±2.7mL/kg/h. The APACHEII score was 23.2±8.4 and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 12.0±4.3. No complications, including air-embolism or circuit clotting, were observed and the survival rate was 32.3%. Separated system CVVH is simple, safe, and efficient and could provide cheaper treatments than the integrated system. It could thus be an effective, alternative treatment for critical acute kidney injury patients when the integrated mode is unavailable.     

Amelioration of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in experimental porcine pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the potential role of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) in hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in pigs with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: SAP model was produced by intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate [4%, 1 mL/kg body weight (BW)] and trypsin (2 U/kg BW). Animals were allocated either to untreated controls as group 1 or to one of two treatment groups as group 2 receiving a low-volume CVVH [20 mL/(kg·h)], and group 3 receiving a high-volume CVVH [100 (mL/kg·h)]. Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted during the operation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, as well as survival of pigs were evaluated in the study. RESULTS: Survival time was significantly prolonged by low-volume and high-volume CVVHs, which was more pronounced in the latter. High-volume CVVH was significantly superior compared with less intensive treatment modalities (low-volume CVVH) in systemic inflammatory reaction protection. The major hemodynamic finding was that pancreatitis-induced hypotension was significantly attenuated by intensive CVVH (87.4±12.5 kPa vs116.3±7.8 kPa,P＜0.01). The development of hyperdynamic circulatory failure was simultaneously attenuated, as reflected by a limited increase in cardiac output, an attenuated decrease in systemic vascular resistance and an elevation in oxygen extraction ratio. CONCLUSION: CVVH blunts the pancreatitis-induced cardiovascular response and increases tissue oxygen extraction. The high-volume CVVH is distinctly superior in preventing sepsis-related hemodynamic impairment.     

连续性静脉静脉血液滤过在心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭中的疗效及应用时机

目的 探讨连续性静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)在心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭中的疗效及应用时机.方法 回顾性分析48 例心脏术后并发急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者的临床资料,按出现尿量减少(<0.5 ml·kg-1·h-1)至开始CVVH 治疗的时间间隔分为两组:A 组<4 h(27 例),B 组>4 h(21 例).分别对两组患者治疗前后的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)、胱抑素C(Cysc),以及CVVH 治疗时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU 住院时间等指标进行比较.结果 两组患者经过CVVH 治疗后,BUN、Cr、Cysc 等指标均明显改善,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A 组的CVVH 治疗时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU 住院时间较B 组患者短,死亡率亦较B 组低,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 CVVH 是治疗心脏术后急性肾功能衰竭的有效方法.及时诊断,尽早(出现少尿4 h 内)行CVVH 治疗,可明显加快ARF 患者肾功能恢复,减少并发症,减少住院时间,降低死亡率.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过在重症胰腺炎治疗中的价值

目的 观察在传统治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的同时行连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)的疗效。方法 53例SAP患者在接受传统治疗的同时行CVVH,每次至少持续24h。监测CVVH前后病情及血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶的变化,行动脉血气分析和APACHlE Ⅱ评分,测血中内毒素水平。结果 CVVH治疗后患者心动过速、呼吸窘迫、腹痛、腹胀等症状明显缓解,APACHEⅡ评分明显降低,淀粉酶、脂肪酶、尿素氮、肌酐明显降低,酸中毒、低氧血症纠正。CVVH治疗6h后,血中内毒素水平下降,24h后又恢复至治疗前的水平。53例患者中38例痊愈出院,存活率为71．7％。结论 在传统治疗SAP的同时行CVVH,能提高抢救的成功率,降低病死率。     

The effect of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber on neutrophil respiratory oxidative burst in patients with sepsis and septic shock

Neutrophil activates and injures tissues and organs during sepsis or septic shock. Blood purification therapies such as continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) have been used for the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, however, the effects of such therapies on neutrophil activation have previously been poorly understood. We sought to evaluate neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially H2O2 production, in the pathophysiology of sepsis or septic shock and the effect of CVVH or PMX-DHP on neutrophil ROS. Seven critically ill septic patients requiring CVVH (and 12 matched septic patients who did not require CVVH as control) and seven septic shock patients treated with PMX-DHP were studied. We found that patients with sepsis or septic shock had significantly higher levels of neutrophil ROS compared with normal volunteers (183 +/- 42, 292 +/- 90, and 103 +/- 30) (P < 0.05, and < 0.005). Neutrophil ROS did not change over time in patients treated either with CVVH or without CVVH. In contrast, neutrophil ROS significantly inhibited PMX-DHP treatment in patients with septic shock (pretreatment; 292 +/- 88 vs. post-treatment; 205 +/- 93, P < 0.05). In conclusion, neutrophil ROS was significantly enhanced in the sepsis or septic shock affected patients. CVVH did not affect neutrophil ROS while PMX-DHP significant inhibited neutrophil ROS.     

High‐volume continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration plus resin hemoperfusion improves severe metformin‐associated toxicity

We present the case of a 42‐year‐old female patient who attempted suicide by taking approximately 100 tablets of metformin (500 mg). Laboratory tests revealed severe lactic acidosis with lactate levels of 24 mmol/L and pH of 7.09. The patient was treated with high‐volume continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH) and resin‐sorbent hemoperfusion. Metformin concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography during CVVH and hemoperfusion treatment. Before extracorporeal treatment, the plasma metformin concentration was 208.5 mg/L. After CVVH treatment for 24 h, the plasma metformin concentration had decreased to 13.9 mg/L. Resin‐based sorbent hemoperfusion plus CVVH treatment had reduced the metformin plasma concentration by 61.8% after 3 h. After 7 days, the patient's laboratory tests and clinical syndrome were improved, and she was discharged from hospital. We provide evidence that CVVH plus hemoperfusion is effective in eliminating metformins and metabolic products.     

维持性血液滤过治疗心脏手术后急性肾损伤

目的探讨持续性血液滤过（CVVH）对心脏手术后急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury，AKI）的治疗作用。方法回顾性分析12例心脏手术后AKI患者采用CVVH治疗的临床资料。结果11例存活，1例死亡。存活患者心率及平均动脉压在CVVH过程中波动于正常范围，血肌酐、尿素氮、血钾水平在治疗后显著下降，肾功能均恢复正常。结论CVVH是救治心脏手术后AKI患者的有效手段，此结果仍需扩大样本进一步研究。     

连续静脉血液滤过治疗对血浆NT-proBNP水平的影响及其意义

目的:研究连续静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对N端脑钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)的影响,以及此类患者CVVH治疗前后NT-proBNP的水平和心功能的相关性。方法: 对50例接受CVVH治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,收集CVVH治疗前后的血样,采用电化学发光免疫技术检测血浆NT-proBNP的水平,并比较NT-proBNP水平在血液净化治疗前后的变化及其与左室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性。结果: 血浆NT-proBNP的水平在CVVH治疗前明显高于治疗后（P<0.01）。CVVH治疗前NT-proBNP的水平与LVEF呈负相关性（Pearson系数为-0.783）,治疗结束后此种相关性消失。CVVH治疗前,死亡组患者NT-proBNP的水平高于存活组患者（P<0.01）。治疗结束后,两组患者血浆NT-proBNP的水平无统计学差异。结论: CVVH治疗可以使血浆NT-proBNP的水平显著下降,且NT-proBNP水平下降的程度与CVVH治疗的时间及脱水量呈正相关。对于接受CVVH治疗及肾功能不全的患者,需慎重以NT-proBNP的水平作为评价心功能的血清学指标。     

Regional citrate anticoagulation reduces polymorphonuclear cell degranulation in critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration

Citrate which chelates ionized calcium can be used as regional anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). This is the first study conducted to examine the potentially additive benefit effect of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) on polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell degranulation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cytokines production in patients with critically acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing CVVH treatment. This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 20 critically ill patients with AKI who underwent CVVH. The patients were randomized into regional citrate group (n=10) and heparin group (n=10). The pre-dilution CVVH with polyethersulfone dialyzers were utilized in both groups. The levels of pre-filter and post-filter MPO as well as inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured at baseline, 6h, and 24 h after initiating CVVH. In the heparin group, the post-filter serum MPO levels were significantly higher than the pre-filter (median 49.0 vs. 60.5 ng/mL, P<0.05) at 6 h. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-dialyzer MPO levels in the citrate group. Citrate could significantly decrease systemic pre-filter serum MPO levels from baseline at 6 h (median 43.5 vs. 17.3 ng/mL, P<0.01) as well as IL-8 levels (P<0.05) whereas heparin provided only significant TNF-α reduction (P<0.05). The CVVH circuit survival in the citrate group was longer than the heparin group. In conclusion, citrate, utilized as a regional anticoagulant in CVVH, can reduce both membrane bioincompatibility-induced and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and can prolong CVVH circuit survival time.     

Evaluation of Plasma Exchange and Continuous Veno‐Venous Hemofiltration for the Treatment of Severe Avian Influenza A (H7N9): A Cohort Study

Avian influenza A (H7N9) is a severe disease with high mortality. Hypercytokinemia is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis. This study was to investigate the efficiency of plasma exchange (PE) + continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on the removal of inflammatory mediators and their benefits in the management of fluid overload and metabolic disturbance. In total, 40 H7N9‐infected patients were admitted to our hospital. Sixteen critically ill H7N9‐infected patients received combination of PE and CVVH. Data from these 16 patients were collected and analyzed. The effects of PE + CVVH on plasma cytokine/chemokine levels and clinical outcomes were examined. H7N9‐infected patients had increased plasma levels compared to healthy controls. After 3 h of PE + CVVH treatment, the cytokine/chemokine levels descended remarkably to lower levels and were maintained thereafter. PE + CVVH also benefited the management of fluid, cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance. Of the 16 critically ill patients who received PE + CVVH, 10 patients survived. PE + CVVH decreased the plasma cytokine/chemokine levels significantly. PE + CVVH were also beneficial to the management of severe avian influenza A (H7N9).     

连续性血液净化治疗在心脏移植术前的应用初评——附1例报道

目的探讨连续性血液净化（continuous veno-venous hemofiltration,CVVH）治疗用于心脏移植术前准备的作用。方法回顾性分析1例接受心脏移植的患者应用CVVH为术前准备的临床资料,着重分析CVVH的治疗方法和疗效。患者术前诊断：限制型心肌病,心功能为纽约心脏协会心功能Ⅳ级。患者反复心力衰竭并渐进性发展,出现轻度肾前性肾功能衰竭。给予CVVH3d,25d后进行心脏移植术。血液净化治疗模式为CVVH。治疗持续时间12h/d,超滤2000～2200mL/d。结果 CVVH治疗后恶心、呕吐、腹胀等症状明显缓解,恢复正常尿量,双肺湿啰音、心脏移植术后前5d尿量保持在2800mL/d以上,未出现严重右心衰竭及感染,术后6d转出监护室回普通隔离病房继续治疗。结论肾功能衰竭发生在心脏移植术前多为肾前性肾功能衰竭,往往都是可逆的,尽早应用CVVH是一种积极有效的措施。CVVH做为心脏移植术前准备,并非只适用于合并严重肾功能衰竭患者。     

连续静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗难治性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的 观察连续静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗难治性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的疗效及安全性.方法 21例难治性心力衰竭患者,行床边CVVH治疗,观察治疗前、后心衰症状改善情况、血流动力学和实验室检测指标变化情况.结果 经CVVH治疗后,所有患者心衰症状均有不同程度改善,血流动力学及电解质稳定,尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）、血尿酸、NT-proBNP较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,且无严重并发症.结论 CVVH治疗充血性心力衰竭患者水钠潴留的近期疗效是有效和安全的.     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗急性严重低钠血症六例

目的　观察连续性静脉 静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)治疗急性严重低钠血症的疗效。方法急性严重低钠血症 6例 ,基础病变分别为慢性肾功能衰竭 3例 ,急性肾功能衰竭、妊娠子痫及骨科手术后各 1例。所有患者血钠均低于 115mmol/L ,均为 4 8h内发生。采用中心静脉留置导管建立血管通路行CVVH。滤器为AN6 9及AV6 0 0各 2例 ,HF12 0 0及FH6 6各 1例 ,每 2 4h更换 1次 ,低分子肝素抗凝。结果　CVVH平均治疗时间为 5 9 7h。CVVH治疗中 ,患者血流动力学稳定 ,6例意识模糊者 ,5例治疗 12h后意识有所好转 ;3例嗜睡及谵妄者治疗 2 4h后症状消失 ;1例抽搐者治疗 2 4h后症状消失 ;1例昏迷者治疗 96h后神志完全恢复正常。CVVH治疗后 4 8h血钠上升至 (14 0 3± 1 6 )mmol/L ,纠正速度为 (0 82± 0 10 )mmol·L-1·h-1;血渗量水平为 (2 95 0± 4 2 )mOsm/kgH2 O ,纠正速度为 (1 6 3± 0 2 0 )mOsm·kgH2 O-1·h-1。CVVH开始置换液钠比血钠高 (16 0± 6 0 )mmol/L。CVVH治疗 4 8h后Glasgow评分较治疗前有显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前有显著降低 (P <0 0 5 )。 6例患者全部存活 ,3例转为维持性血液透析 ,3例完全康复。结论　CVVH治疗严重急性低钠血症是有效的 ,为严重急性低钠血症的救治提供了新的治疗     

连续性血液净化在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征合并急性肾衰竭患者的应用及预后分析

目的探讨连续性血液净化治疗（CBPT）在ICU多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）合并急性肾衰竭（APF）患者的疗效及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2008年2月该院ICU中行连续性静-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗的245例MODS合并ARF患者一般资料、血液生化检查、疾病严重程度评分等，对比分析CVVH治疗前后临床参数的变化及影响预后的因素。结果CVVH对容量负荷、溶质清除效果明显；反映疾病严重程度如氧合指数、APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分、SOFA评分CVVH治疗前后比较无明显差异；全部患者死亡率为64．9％，病死率随着衰竭器官数目的增加而显著升高。多因素回归分析显示，患者CVVH治疗前衰竭器官数、医院获得性ARF、CVVH前APACHEⅡ评分、平均动脉压是独立危险因素。结论对于MODS合并ARF患者，CVVH治疗前患者疾病的严重程度是影响预后的重要因素，依据患者临床病情早期积极CBPT可能改善MODS合并ARF患者的预后。     

连续肾脏替代治疗在肝移植中的应用

目的探讨连续肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)在肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)合并多器官功能不全(MODS)治疗中的应用价值。方法分析连续静脉静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗7例肝移植术后ARF、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、急性心衰、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)等患者。3例合并ARDS患者同时进行呼吸机辅助呼吸治疗。结果4例治愈,另3例ARF合并MODS患者死亡。经CVVH治疗后,患者血清中的肌酐、尿素氮、血钾较治疗前降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原时间变化无意义。结论CVVH能有效控制氮质血症和高血钾等高分解状态,而不影响凝血功能。早期应用可以改善肝移植术后ARF、ARDS、充血性心力衰竭、SIRS等MODS患者的预后。     

连续性血液滤过治疗急性重症胰腺炎的Meta分析

目的评价连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗急性重症胰腺炎的有效性和安全性。方法应用计算机检索电子数据库:PubMed(1980～2011年)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNK:1990～2011年)、万方数据库(1980～2011年),并手工检索Cochrane图书馆。采用Cochrane系统评价员手册4.2.2推荐的方法纳入文献,并对其进行Meta分析。结果共有12篇文章纳入研究。共纳入383例患者,其中CVVH治疗者(CVVH组)208例,常规非手术治疗者(对照组)175例。对12个研究进行了Meta分析。结果显示:与常规非手术组相比,CVVH组明显提高了总体治愈率[OR=3.24,95%CI(1.69,6.22),P=0.0004],降低了总体病死率[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.15,0.68),P=0.003],缩短了腹痛、腹胀症状改善时间,降低了并发症发生率。结论根据目前证据,早CVVH治疗SAP患者可能是安全有效的。目前所获研究仅来自中国且方法学质量较低,需要进一步开展高质量大样本的RCT来评价CV-VH治疗SAP有效性和安全性。