Hyperhomocysteinemia in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients

Elevated blood level of homocysteine is strongly related to an increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The role of homocysteine in Type 2 diabetes vascular complications remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate homocysteine levels in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic patients, who are at increased risk of vascular complications development. Forty-four Type 2 diabetic patients with no symptoms of any cardiovascular disease were divided into 2 groups: 26 patients with poor metabolic control treated with oral agents (aged 66.8 +/- 5.4 yr, diabetes duration 11.9 +/- 4.1 yr, fasting plasma glucose 13.9 +/- 4.6 mmol/l, HbA1C 9.8 +/- 1.6%), 18 well-matched diabetic patients well-controlled with oral agents (aged 65.8 +/- 4.7 yr, diabetes duration 10.9 +/- 4.2 yr, fasting plasma glucose 7.3 +/- 2.4 mmol/l, HbA1c 6.6 +/- 0.7%). The controls were 12 healthy subjects. Fasting total plasma homocysteine and plasma insulin concentrations were measured. Plasma total homocysteine concentrations were significantly higher in poorly controlled than in well-controlled diabetic patients and controls (17.1 +/- 4.5 vs 8.2 +/- 3.9 and 6.5 +/- 4.9 micromol/l respectively, p < 0.001). Insulinemia showed an inverse correlation with homocysteine levels (8.3 +/- 5.2 vs 14.6 +/- 5.2 and 9.3 +/- 6.1 microlU/ml, p < 0.001; r = -0.32, p < 0.05). HbA1c values correlated positively with homocysteine concentrations in poorly controlled subjects (r = 0.41; p < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic poor metabolic control of Type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevation of plasma homocysteine concentration, which also inversely correlates with endogenous insulin levels. These results may add to the understanding of the increased frequency and mechanisms of vascular damage in diabetes mellitus.     

Blood pressure reduction due to hemoglobin glycosylation in type 2 diabetic patients

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that glycosylation of hemoglobin constitutes a risk factor for hypertension.

Methods:

A total of 129 relative uniform diabetic subjects (86 women and 42 men) were enrolled in a cross sectional study. Exclusion criteria included alcohol consumption, smoking, ischemic heart disease, stroke, neoplasia, renal, hepatic, and chronic inflammatory disease. Systolic and diastolic pressures were recorded in subsequent days and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was determined. Hemoglobin glycosylation was measured by determining the percentage glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by means of the automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay test.

Results:

MAP was found to be independent of the concentration of HbA1c; however, correcting MAP for the variability in hematocrit, to evidence the level of vasoconstriction (or vasodilatation) showed that MAP is negatively correlated with the concentration of HbA1c (p for trend <0.05), when patients treated for hypertension are excluded from the analysis. Patients treated for hypertension showed the opposite trend with increasing MAP as HbA1c increased (p for the difference in trends <0.05).

Conclusions:

Glycosylation per se appears to lead to blood pressure reduction in type 2 diabetic patients untreated for hypertension. Treatment for hypertension may be associated with a level of endothelial dysfunction that interferes with the antihypertensive effect of HbA1c.     

Closing the gap between literature and practice: evaluation of a teaching programme (in the absence of a structured treatment) on both type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Athough education is considered an integral part of diabetes management, it remains low in the practical priorities of clinicians. We performed the first structured educational intervention in a diabetic outpatient department, where patients were controlled with no provider autonomy support available. We recruited 77 Type 1 (T1DM) and 154 Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients as well as 87 matched control subjects. Baseline evaluation included: medical interview; questionnaires concerning diabetes knowledge, diabetes quality of life, state-trait anxiety, depression and general perceived self-efficacy; biochemical examination (fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipids, uric acid, urinary glucose and albumin excretion). Of the 231 diabetic patients, 154 agreed to attend an educational course, yet only 101 patients (37 T1DM and 64 T2DM) completed it (intervention group) due to organisational barriers. Intervention and reference (non-participant patients) groups received identical medical care, except that the educational group met with the educator during five teaching sessions. Three to six months after the completion of the course, they underwent a final assessment. Prospective results were: 1) in T1DM, a reduction in HbA1c levels and an increase in plasma HDL cholesterol with no change in drug treatment (the reference group showed no change in HbA1c values despite an increased insulin dose), improved technical skill, knowledge, quality of life and self-efficacy; 2) in T2DM, a reduction in fasting plasma glucose and an improvement in knowledge and quality of life. Analysis of the cross-sectional data at baseline evidenced: 3) the same levels of anxiety, depression and general self-efficacy in diabetic patients compared with healthy control subjects; 4) lower diabetes-specific quality of life associated with established insulin treatment in T2DM; 5) significant gender differences among healthy as well as diabetic subjects in degree of psychological distress. Education by itself is more than simply offering information to people (even in a troubled context) and its infrequent incorporation in practice really contradicts resource efficiency.     

2型糖尿病大血管病变与视黄醇结合蛋白4及高敏C反应蛋白关系的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)大血管病变患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的变化.方法 入选研究对象115例,其中单纯T2DM组40例,T2DM大血管病变(病变T2DM)组40例,对照组35例.检测其空腹血清RBP4、hs-CRP,同时测空腹血糖(FBG)、身高、体重、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算体重指数(BMI)和稳态模型评估法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).分析三组RBP4水平的变化,及其与上述其他指标的相关性.结果 hs-CRP、RBP4在病变T2DM组和单纯T2DM组显著高于对照组[hs-CRP分别为(9.12±4.21)、(2.01±1.96)、(0.98±0.36)mg/L,RBP4分别为(30.10±5.45)、(20.02±5.32)、(12.02±3.45)mg/L](P<0.01),病变T2DM组显著高于单纯T2DM组(P<0.01).单因素相关分析显示RBP4与LDL-C、BMI、FBG、hs-CBP、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.325、0.597、0.323、0.571、0.275、0.463,P<0.05或<0.01).结论 血清RBP4、hs-CRP在糖尿病患者中显著升高,其水平变化与糖尿病大血管并发症的发生、发展密切相关.     

糖化血红蛋白测定在2型糖尿病肾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨糖化血红蛋白与尿微量白蛋白对早期诊断2型糖尿病肾病的价值。方法：对42例糖尿病患者进行空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、尿微量白蛋白（m—ALB）、胆固醇（CHo）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及血常规测定,并将结果与健康对照组进行比较。按糖化血红蛋白的测定结果分为低值组（HbAlc〈6．79％）、中值组（HbAIc6．8％～10％）、高值组（HbAlc〉10．1％）。结果：糖尿病患者HbAlc、FBG、CHo、TG、LDL-C的血清浓度明显高于健康对照组,HDL-C的血清浓度明显低于健康对照组。随着HbAIc的增高,FBG、m—ALB随之增高。结论：糖尿病肾病与HbAlc的增高有关,血脂异常可增加糖尿病患者肾病微血管病变的危险性。m—ALB是糖尿病早期肾小球损伤标志物,可作为慢性肾病的筛查指标。同时联合检测糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与尿微量白蛋白有利于糖尿病肾病的早期检出,延缓糖尿病肾病的进展。     

Statut magnésique dans une population marocaine de patients diabétiques de type 2

Blood and urinary samples from 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 51 healthy controls, were analysed for blood glucose, glycosylated Haemoglobin, total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, serum creatinine, microalbuminuia, magnesium (plasma, erythrocyte and urinary).Diabetic patients had significantly lower plasma and erythrocyte magnesium comparatively to healthy control (P Mg: 0.83±0.09 mmol/L vs 0.90±0.06 mmol/L, P<0.001) (E Mg : 1.42±0.64 mmol/L vs 2.01±0.6 ; P<0.001). whereas the urinary magnesium excretion in diabetic patients and control group is not significantly different (U Mg : 6,47±3 mmol/24 heures vs 6,82±2,44 mmol/24 heures, P=0,48).Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium in diabetic patients was negatively correlated with glucose blood, and HbA1c (P Mg vs HbA1c: P=0,016, r =−0,22), (E Mg vs HbA1c : P=0,012, r =−0,23), whereas there is no correlation with lipids parameters.We also note that plasma magnesium concentrations are lower in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (0,80±0,10 mmol/L vs 0.84±0,08; P=0.035).Conclusion: Magnesium depletion is most common in our population, particularly in uncontrolled diabetic patients, with a weakly significant relationship with diabetic retinopathy.     

An audit of diabetes control, dietary management and quality of life in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and a comparison with nondiabetic subjects

OBJECTIVES: The study's objective was to audit current diet and disease management in a community-based sample of people with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: The study involved adults with type 1 diabetes and control subjects. Reported amounts of dietary intake were collected. Indices of diabetes control were determined by standard methods. Quality of life of both groups was assessed with appropriate measures. Results were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Mean HbA(1c) concentration was 8.5% (SD 2.21%) for women with diabetes and 8.6% (SD 1.91%) for men. There was no significant difference between the diabetic and control subjects in self-reported energy intake and macronutrient intake, with the exception that the contribution of saturated fatty acid to energy intake was higher in male controls than in male diabetics. There was no association between dietary intakes and glycemic control in diabetic subjects. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and plasma lipids in patients were within normal range and not significantly different from the controls. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was higher in patients. Diabetic subjects did not have a diminished quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary management in these patients was generally focused on controlling carbohydrate intake. Most had suboptimal diabetes control.     

Determination of alpha-tocopherol in plasma, platelets and erythrocytes of type I and type II diabetic patients by high-performance liquid chromatography

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations of plasma, platelets and erythrocytes were determined by HPLC in insulin-dependent (type I) and age-matched non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients and in two control groups. Plasma alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly increased in diabetic patients compared to control groups. Platelet and erythrocyte alpha-tocopherol levels were not significantly different in type I and type II diabetics as compared to their respective control groups, but differed from one another. Plasma vitamin E concentrations showed a significant correlation with plasma cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations in different groups. The alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol/apoprotein B ratios in plasma were higher in diabetic patients, as were triglyceride contents. Platelet vitamin E levels were not significantly correlated with plasma concentrations. These findings suggest that vitamin E activity is altered in diabetic patients but that no diet supplementation seems necessary.     

Zinc status and dietary quality of type 2 diabetic patients: implication of physical activity level

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, diet quality, glycemic control and self-rated physical activity level of type 2 diabetic patients. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for seventy-six diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured for the assessment of glycemic control. We evaluated the extent of dietary adequacy by the percentage of subjects with a dietary intake of a nutrient less than the estimated average requirement(EAR), the dietary diversity score(DDS) and the dietary variety score(DVS). Zinc status was assessed from serum levels and urinary excretion. Dietary inadequacy was serious for five nutrients: riboflavin, calcium, thiamin, zinc and vitamin C. Dietary intakes from the meat, fish, and egg food groups and the milk food group were below the recommended level. We found that subjects with high levels of physical activities had significantly higher DVS and serum zinc levels compared to others (p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c were not significantly different across self-reported physical activity levels. Therefore, we suggest that maintaining physical activity at or above a moderate level is beneficial to improving dietary quality and zinc status.     

Silymarin as an adjunct to glibenclamide therapy improves long-term and postprandial glycemic control and body mass index in type 2 diabetes

Oxidative stress is increased postprandially and during long-term hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients who present with poor response to glibenclamide. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant flavonoid silymarin in improving long-term and postprandial glycemic and weight control in type 2 diabetic patients treated with glibenclamide. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 59 type 2 diabetic patients, previously maintained on 10 mg/day glibenclamide and diet control, with poor glycemic control, were randomized into three groups: the first two groups were treated with either 200 mg/day silymarin or placebo as adjuncts to glibenclamide, and the third group was maintained on glibenclamide alone for 120 days. Fasting and 4-hour postprandial plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated at baseline and after 120 days. Compared with placebo, silymarin treatment significantly reduced both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose excursions, in addition to significantly reducing HbA(1c) levels and BMI after 120 days. No significantly different effects were observed for placebo compared to glibenclamide alone. In conclusion, adjunct use of silymarin with glibenclamide improves the glycemic control targeted by glibenclamide, during both fasting and postprandially, an effect that may be related to increased insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.     

综合管理对老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制达标的促进作用

目的了解综合管理对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)达标的促进作用及影响因素。方法经过多年采取糖尿病综合防治措施,于2009年度体检时对长期在我院保健的老年T2DM患者进行综合评估。常规体检项目包括测量身高、体重和坐位血压,静脉采血测定空腹血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG),糖尿病患者均测定HbA1c。各项控制标准按美国糖尿病学会T2DM指南。结果 2009年评估的老年T2DM患者共688例,占参检人数的34.9。其中男652例,女36例,年龄60~95(78.2±9.1)岁。HbA1c平均值为(6.6±0.9),达标率以<6.5和<7.0分别计算,各为50.6和76.3。TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、血压和体重指数(BMI)的达标率分别为77.1、46.4、66.1、67.8、36.3、57.4。相关影响因素分析显示糖尿病病程、降血糖需用药情况、血压控制情况、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、BMI与HbA1c的控制有关(P<0.05)。10年来无1例因糖尿病酮症、高血糖高渗状态急诊入院,因中重度低血糖就...     

Predictive factors of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary health care

PURPOSE: To determine the factors associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients followed in primary care units in Sousse, Tunisia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of type 2 diabetic patients followed at least two years in primary health care units in Sousse, Tunisia. Data were gathered from three sources: a self-administrated questionnaire, analysis of patient files and HbA1c level. HbA1c level was measured with turbidimetric immunoinhibition assay. Patients were considered well-controlled if glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was less than 7%, according to the American Diabetics Association (ADA) recommendations. RESULTS: The study enrolled 404 type 2 diabetic patients. The mean age was 60.5+/-10.89 years, sex-ratio was 0.5, and mean disease duration 8.7+/-6.1 years. ADA recommendations were met by 16.7% of patients. Multivariate analysis using variables in relation with the patient, his/her family, the disease, the treatment and the health care unit, showed that only poor geographic access to the care center (adjusted OR: 1.89, p=0.009) and Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m2 (adjusted OR: 2.21, p=0.034) were significantly and independently associated with poor glycemic control. CONCLUSION: Glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients is poor. It depends strongly on geographic access to health care. Type 2 diabetic patients should be referred, as much as possible, to the nearest health care unit.     

口服胰岛素肠溶胶丸治疗2型糖尿病有效性和安全性的多中心临床观察

目的评价胰岛素肠溶胶丸降糖疗效,并与中效胰岛素注射液进行比较。方法采用多中心、随机、开放、平行对照临床试验,将260名2型糖尿病患者随机分为对照组（n=125）和试验组（n=135）,分别于每日早、晚餐前1h给予皮下注射中效胰岛素注射液和口服胰岛素肠溶胶丸,共12周。结果胰岛素肠溶胶丸能显著降低2型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）及空腹和餐后2h血糖,HbAlc平均下降0．98％。以美国糖尿病学会（HbAlc≤7．0％）和国际糖尿病联盟（HbAlc≤6．5％）推荐的HbAlc达标标准判读,试验组的达标率分别为38．9％和21．4％,与对照组的45．1％和30．2％相比差异均无统计学意义（P=0．323和P=0．109）。两组患者的不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0．618）,试验组患者的治疗满意度评分明显高于对照组患者（P=0．000）。结论胰岛素肠溶胶丸具有与中效胰岛素注射液相近的降糖疗效和安全性,且使用满意度更高。     

2型糖尿病患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4水平及相关影响因素的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)的变化及其相关影响因素.方法 根据体重指数(BMI)将80例T2DM患者分为肥胖T2DM组(BMI≥25 k/m~2)、非肥胖T2DM组(BMI<25 kg/m~2),将30例正常体重非糖尿病者设为对照组.检测其空腹血清脂联素(APN)、RBP4、胰岛素(FINS)水平,同时测定空腹血糖(FBG)、身高、体重、腰围、臀围、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_1c)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算BMI、腰臀比(WHR)和稳态模式评估法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).分析各组问RBP4水平的变化,并与上述其他指标进行相关分析.结果 RBP4在肥胖T2DM组和非肥胖T2DM组中显著高于对照组[分别为(30.02±5.32)、(20.10±5.45)、(12.02±3.45)mg/L](P<0.01),在肥胖T2DM组显著高于非肥胖T2DM组(P<0.01).单因素相关分析显示RBP4与TG、BMI、FBG、WHR、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与APN呈负相关(相关系数分别为0.225、0.697、0.323、0.557、0.272、0.461、-0.398).结论 血清RBP4在T2DM患者中显著升高,RBP4可能在胰岛素抵抗及T2DM的发生、发展过程中起了重要的作用.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者糖化血红蛋白与尿酸检测的意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与尿酸检测的临床意义。方法选取40例2型糖尿病肾病患者作为研究1组,40例未发生肾病的糖尿病患者作为研究2组,随机选取40例健康人作为对照组,分别测定各组空腹血糖、糖尿化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、尿酸（UA）2、4 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）和血肌酐,比较各组上述指标的情况。结果研究1组、研究2组HbA1c、UA均高于对照组;研究1组HbA1c、UA水平均高于研究2组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。研究1组中肾功能失代偿者HbA1c、UA水平高于肾功能代偿者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病肾功能损害程度与患者体内糖化血红蛋白、血尿酸水平呈显著相关,糖化血红蛋白与尿酸检测对于2型糖尿病肾病具有重要意义。     

Role of Spirulina in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Spirulina, with its high concentration of functional nutrients, is emerging as an important therapeutic food. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic role of Spirulina. Twenty-five subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive Spirulina (study group) or to form the control group. At baseline, the control and study groups were matched for various variables. The efficacy of Spirulina supplementation (2 g/day for 2 months) was determined using the preintervention and postintervention blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and lipid profiles of the diabetic subjects. Two-month supplementation with Spirulina resulted in an appreciable lowering of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose levels. A significant reduction in the HbA(1c) level was also observed, indicating improved long-term glucose regulation. With regard to lipids, triglyceride levels were significantly lowered. Total cholesterol (TC) and its fraction, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), exhibited a fall coupled with a marginal increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). As a result, a significant reduction in the atherogenic indices, TC:HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C, was observed. The level of apolipoprotein B registered a significant fall together with a significant increment in the level of apolipoprotein A1. Therefore, a significant and favorable increase in the ratio of A1:B was also noted. These findings suggest the beneficial effect of Spirulina supplementation in controlling blood glucose levels and in improving the lipid profile of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

High l-carnitine concentrations do not prevent late diabetic complications in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients

Increased intake of l-carnitine, a cofactor in cellular energy metabolism, is recommended for diabetic patients with late complications. However, its clinical benefits remain controversial. We hypothesized that patients with low l-carnitine levels would have an increased rate of diabetic complications. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the relationship of l-carnitine concentrations in blood with the prevalence and severity of late diabetic complications in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. Human blood samples were collected from 93 and 87 patients diagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes, respectively, and 122 nondiabetic individuals. The determination of free l-carnitine concentrations in whole blood lysates was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In diabetic patients, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, or hypertension were recorded. The average l-carnitine concentration in the blood of control subjects was 33 ± 8 nmol/mL, which was not significantly different from subgroups of patients with type 1 (32 ± 10 nmol/mL) or type 2 diabetes (36 ± 11 nmol/mL). Patients with low (<20 nmol/mL) l-carnitine levels did not have increased occurrences of late diabetic complications. In addition, patient subgroups with higher l-carnitine concentrations did not have decreased prevalence of late diabetic complications. Our results provide evidence that higher l-carnitine concentrations do not prevent late diabetic complications in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients.     

吡格列酮对2型糖尿病肾病血清脂联素水平的影响

目的观察噻唑烷二酮衍生物吡格列酮对2型糖尿病肾病患者血清脂联素水平的影响,并探讨其临床意义。方法临床选择研究2型糖尿病肾病52例,分为糖尿病肾病对照组(29例)和吡格列酮治疗组(23例)。所有患者均给予口服降糖药或胰岛素控制血糖常规治疗,待血糖稳定1周后,对照组继续维持原治疗,吡格列酮治疗组加用吡格列酮片口服8周(30mg/日)。各组治疗前后均测定空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、24h尿白蛋白定量(24hUA)、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和脂联素水平。结果①糖尿病肾病对照组与吡格列酮治疗组对比,治疗前FPG、HbA1c、24hUA、hs-CRP和脂联素水平均无明显差别,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。②治疗8周后,糖尿病肾病对照组的24hUA、hs-CRP和脂联素水平与治疗前对比无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但是吡格列酮治疗组的24hUA、hs-CRP和脂联素水平却明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论噻唑烷二酮衍生物能够降低2型糖尿病肾病患者的脂联素水平,改善糖尿病的肾脏损害,减少尿白蛋白滤过。     

血清糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数对2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者强化期治疗后痰菌未阴转的预测价值

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者2个月强化期治疗后痰菌未阴转的影响因素以及早期血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)对痰菌未阴转的预测价值。方法选取在本院治疗的2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者87例,同时选取同期40例单纯肺结核患者为对照组,分析2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者痰菌未阴转的危险因素,并通过绘制ROC曲线分析早期血清HbA1c、FBG、HOMA-IR对强化期治疗后痰菌未阴转的预测价值。结果2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核组治疗后痰菌阴转率明显低于对照组,且血清HbA1c、FBG及HOMA-IR较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05)。有空洞及治疗前、2个月强化期治疗后血清HbA1c、FBG、HOMA-IR的高水平均是影响2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者痰菌未阴转的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血清HbA1c、FBG预测痰菌未转阴的AUC均明显高于HOMA-IR(P<0.05);HbA1c预测痰菌未转阴的敏感度>FBG>HOMA-IR,而HOMA-IR的特异度>HbA1c=FBG。结论早期、定期对血清HbA1c、FBG及HOMA-IR进行综合监测对提高2型糖尿病合并涂阳肺结核患者2个月强化期治疗后痰菌阴转率具有重要价值。     

Comparison of health-related quality of life between type 2 diabetic patients with and without locomotive syndrome

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between type 2 diabetic patients with and without locomotive syndrome, which is a risk for becoming bedridden because of deteriorating locomotive organs.

Subjects and methods

A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2 ± 10.2 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. HRQOL was evaluated by the Euro-QOL-5 (EQ-5D), and locomotive syndrome was evaluated by “loco-check,” established the Japanese Orthopedic Association. Clinical data, such as anthropometric parameters, blood and urine examination results, blood pressure (BP), drug usage, and psychological distress, were analyzed.

Results

Average HbA1c in all patients was 7.2 ± 1.0 %, and 74 patients (54.8 %) were identified as having the locomotive syndrome. EQ-5D scores were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients with locomotive syndrome than in those without locomotive syndrome, even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c. By the multiple regression analysis, locomotive syndrome and age were identified as determinant factors of HRQOL in type 2 diabetic patients.

Conclusion

In type 2 diabetic patients, lower HRQOL was a characteristic feature of subjects with locomotive syndrome, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Prevention or management of locomotive syndrome may be beneficial for improving HRQOL in type 2 diabetic patients.