非贵金属—瓷界面结合强度的实验研究

目的：比较非贵金属－瓷界面的结合强度，方法：采用剪切强度测试，观察不同的非贵金属烤附不同的瓷粉其界面间的结合强度。结果：不同的非贵会不同的瓷粉，其界面间的结合强度有所差异。统计学结果表明：北京贝康精冶公司生产的Ni-Cr合金（CA1）烤附日本松风瓷粉组（R1），春剪切强度与CA1烤附登士柏金刚粉组（R3），美国VeraBond公司的Ni-Cr合金（VB）烤附日本松风瓷粉组（R4），VB烤附德国Vita95瓷粉组（R5）以及VB烤附登士柏金刚瓷粉组（R6）相比较，均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：不同的非贵金属烤附不同的瓷粉，其结合强度有差异。     

低温瓷粉、高温瓷粉与钴铬烤瓷合金结合强度的实验研究

目的:观察IPS d.SIGN低温瓷粉、IPS Classic高温瓷粉与WirobondC钴铬合金的金瓷结合强度及结合界面的微观形貌。方法:制作低温瓷粉、高温瓷粉与钴铬合金的金瓷结合试件各10个,其中8个进行三点弯曲测试,2个包埋打磨后用扫描电镜观察界面。结果:低温瓷粉组、高温瓷粉组的金瓷结合强度值分别是(29.82±5.37)MPa、(39.20±4.68)MPa(P<0.05),均显著大于ISO9693要求的25 MPa。扫描电镜下可见低温瓷粉组比高温瓷粉组金瓷结合较为疏松,界面气泡略多,且大小差异更明显。结论:IPS d.SIGN低温瓷粉和IPS Classic高温瓷粉均可与WirobondC钴铬烤瓷合金匹配使用。     

新型Ni-Cr-Ti牙用烤瓷合金的理化特性及临床应用评价

目的 :对新型Ni-Cr -Ti合金的理化特性进行测定并进行临床应用评价 .方法 :按照ISO标准进行生物学检测实验 ,将Ni-Cr -Ti合金与日本松风和美国登士柏瓷粉配套使用 ,为 44 7例制作 115 1件金瓷冠修复体 ,并将Ni-Cr -Ti合金与 2 0 0件日本松风金属铸件在铸造性能和精确性上作对比。结果 :新型Ni -Cr -Ti合金具有良好的物理性能、机械性能、生物相容性、化学稳定性及金瓷结合性能。结论 :新型Ni -Cr -Ti烤瓷合金是一种具有良好生物学特性的烤瓷底冠材料 ,适合临床上广泛应用     

不同瓷系统对金瓷修复体颜色的影响

目的探讨不同瓷系统对金瓷修复体颜色的影响.方法用Ni-Cr非贵金属体系烤瓷合金(德国)制作金属基底,选用Vita VMK 95 METALL KERAMIK A2瓷粉和Shofu Vintage A2瓷粉这2种不同系统的瓷粉,在相同的金属基底上分别制作金瓷试件(金属基底厚为0.3mm,遮色瓷厚度为0.2mm,瓷厚度为1mm).用Shde eye EX(松风,日本)电脑比色仪检测试件的颜色.结果①2种不同瓷系统对金瓷修复体的颜色、色相、和明度均无影响(P＞0.05).②2种不同瓷系统对金瓷修复体的彩度(饱和度)有影响,并有显著差异(p＜0.01).结论Vita和Shofu这2种瓷粉颜色之间比较,除了Shofu系列瓷粉的彩度比Vita瓷粉高外,颜色的明度和色相无明显的差异.如要增加金瓷修复体颜色的彩度,可选用Shofu系列瓷粉,以达到再现自然牙颜色的目的.     

选择性激光熔覆钴铬合金与瓷的结合性能研究

目的:评价选择性激光熔覆(selective laser melting,SLM)技术制作的钴铬合金与瓷粉的结合强度。方法:根据YY 0621-2008标准采用三点弯曲法测试比较SLM和传统失蜡铸造法的钴铬合金的金瓷结合强度,采用Vita瓷粉和Noritake瓷粉,对金瓷界面进行扫描电镜观察。结果:无论Vita瓷粉或Noritake瓷粉,SLM制作法的钴铬合金的金瓷结合强度均大于传统铸造法的金瓷结合强度(P<0.05)。SEM检测显示SLM钴铬合金的金瓷渗透深度均大于传统铸造钴铬合金的金瓷渗透深度。结论:SLM钴铬合金的金瓷结合强度大于YY0621-2008标准(25 MPa),也大于传统失蜡铸造法所获得的金瓷结合强度。     

除气和预氧化对金－瓷结合强度的影响

选用ＣＷ－ＰＡ型烤瓷镍铬合金Ｖｉｔａ－６８瓷粉，采用４组不同的表面处理：①直接上瓷；②除气５ｍｉｎ；③除气１０ｍｉｎ；④除气５ｍｉｎ加预氧化２ｍｉｎ，制成４０根棒盘试件，测其结合强度；制成４片金瓷复合体测其界面形态、界面元素合量及分布情况。结果显示：①非贵金属ＣＷ－ＰＡＮｉ－Ｃｒ合金上瓷前除气可明显提高金－瓷结合强度（Ｐ＜０．０１）约２７％～３０％，但除气时间对金－瓷结合强度的提高无明显作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）。②非贵金属ＣＷ－ＰＡＮｉ－Ｃｒ合金上瓷前预氧化对金－瓷结合强度的提高无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

自制镍铬烤瓷合金剪切结合强度的比较研究

目的探讨镍铬烤瓷合金中添加钛（Ti）、稀土金属以及不含铍（Be）对金瓷结合性能的影响。方法选用中国科学院金属研究所研制的镍铬烤瓷合金,按照是否含铍和稀土金属分为3个实验组（R1、R2、R3组）;以HI BONDNi-Cr烤瓷合金作为对照组（R4组）。对金瓷结合试件行剪切结合强度测试和金瓷界面的扫描电镜观察与能谱分析。结果R1、R2、R3、R4组剪切结合强度间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。扫描电镜观察金瓷界面形貌可见,合金与瓷紧密接触,无裂缝。各组界面元素种类接近。结论自制镍铬烤瓷合金的金瓷结合良好,剪切结合强度可以达到临床应用的要求。在镍铬烤瓷合金中加入Ti和稀土金属且不含Be可作为临床使用的更好推荐。     

镍铬钛烤瓷金瓷剪切结合强度的测试

目的通过对自制镍铬钛（Ni-Cr-Ti）烤瓷合金与Vita常用瓷的剪切结合强度的测试,探讨镍铬烤瓷合金添加钛、混合稀土金属以及不含铍（Be）对金瓷结合性能的影响。方法使用中国科学院金属研究所研制的镍铬钛烤瓷合金,共分3个试验组,各组成分略有差异,以HI BOND非贵金属烤瓷合金为对照组,所有试件在万能试验机上采用剪切力试验测试金瓷分离时的载荷。结果3个实验组剪切强度值依次为R1组（28.1864±2.80702）MPa,R2组（26.1585±3.38148）MPa,R3组（25.1663±3.12508）MPa,对照组为（29.1436±3.28302）MPa。通过单向方差分析和SNK检验,各组之间差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论自制镍铬钛烤瓷合金的金瓷结合良好,剪切结合强度可以达到临床应用的要求。     

遮色瓷中结晶相对钛-瓷结合强度的影响研究

目的:初步确定自行研制的镧系钛烤瓷专用遮色瓷的适宜组分,探讨组分及钛)瓷界面微观结构、离子扩散机制与结合强度的关系。方法:采用纯钛金属、Vita钛瓷及镧系钛烤瓷遮色瓷粉制作棒盘试件,测试钛)瓷间的剪切结合强度,运用扫描电子显微镜及电子探针,从微观水平及相关元素性质方面分析界面性质。结果:不同结晶相比例的镧系瓷与钛的结合强度值差异具有显著性(P<0105),La2258瓷的钛瓷结合强度最高,为37176 MPa;扫描电子显微镜显示La2258瓷的钛瓷界面结合紧密无缝隙,电子探针显示钛)瓷界面出现Si、Sn元素积聚及向钛基体的不同程度扩散。结论:化学组成相同的瓷粉,各成分的配比不同,与钛的结合强度不同。     

表面处理对两种钛瓷粉的钛瓷结合力的影响

目的:研究不同表面处理方法及不同钛瓷粉对钛瓷结合力的影响,以寻找合理有效的钛表面处理方法及适合临床应用的钛瓷粉,为临床钛烤瓷修复体的制作和应用提供理论依据。方法:本实验根据ISO9693标准中三点弯曲法制作试件,试件随机分3组,每组14个,分别采用600目砂纸打磨、打磨 喷砂及打磨 喷砂 酸洗的表面处理方法后,在试件中部烤瓷,测试结合强度并对钛瓷结合界面进行扫描电镜观察,将结果与Ni-Cr合金组进行比较。结果:经过喷砂和喷砂酸洗后,Ti22瓷粉与钛的结合强度为(28.58±1.25)MPa和(31.39±5.87)MPa,Vita Titankeramik瓷粉与钛的结合强度为(26.57±4.04)MPa和(29.66±1.12)MPa,显著高于打磨组的(19.55±0.37)MPa和(20.94±1.10)MPa(P<0.05),喷砂与喷砂酸洗组之间无统计学差异。两种瓷粉间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经过喷砂及喷砂处理的各组结合强度均达到ISO9693临床标准(>25MPa)。但与普通烤瓷对照组比较,钛瓷结合力显著小于普通烤瓷结合力。结论:喷砂及喷砂酸洗能有效增强钛瓷结合力,满足临床应用要求。     

Bond strength studies of precious, semiprecious, and nonprecious ceramic-metal alloys with two porcelains.

One-hundred cylindrical pull-through ceramic-metal test specimens were subjected to shear loading forces. Two porcelain systems were treated in association with five ceramic alloys--one precious, one semiprecious, and three nonprecious alloys. 1. There was no significant difference in bond strength between Ceramco and Vita porcelains. 2. The various alloys tested demonstrated significantly different bond strengths. 3. Differential statistical tests suggested that nonprecious alloys performed better with Ceramco porcelain than with Vita porcelain. 4. The bond strength of Ceramco porcelain fused to nonprecious alloy N-C2 was significantly greater than that of Ceramic and traditional gold-based alloys. 5. Nonprecious alloy N-C1 produced significantly less bond strength than the traditional gold-based alloys. 6. Semiprecious alloy W produced high bond strengths with both Ceramco and Vita porcelains. 7. The cylindrical pull-through test was a reliable, reproducible method of testing ceramic-metal bond shear strength. 8. The surface roughness appears to be the one common factor in nonprecious alloys that relates to large differences in bond strength. Additional tests must be made to verify this hypothesis.     

The effects of the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast on bond of porcelain fused to titanium]

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast on the bond of porcelain fused to titanium. METHODS: The interfacial state and bond strength of porcelain-titanium were observed by EPM analysis and a shear test. RESULTS: The results showed cracks were observed in the interface of porcelain-titanium in R1 (the group of multiple structural layer of Ti-cast), but there were no cracks in the interface of porcelain-titanium in R2 (the group of removed multiple structural layer from Ti-cast) and R3 (the group of wrought titanium). The width of elemental diffusion layer of R1, R2 and R3 were 29.03 microns, 6.90 microns and 7.01 microns respectively. The shear bond srength of R1, R2 and R3 were 29.45 MPa, 52.75 MPa and 48.32 MPa respectively. There were significant difference in the width of elemental diffusion layer and shear bond strength between R1 and R2, R3 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This investigation indicates that the multiple structural layer of Ti-cast should be removed before firing of porcelain.     

Shear bond strength of five porcelain repair systems on cerec porcelain.

The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain with four different porcelain repair systems. The systems evaluated in this study were Scotchbond/ RelyX Primer (S/ 3M), Ultradent Porcelain Repair Kit (U, Ultradent), Vivadent Ceramic Repair Kit (V, Vivadent) and Prime & Bond NT/ Calibra Silane Coupling Agent (P, Dentsply). Seventy five Cerec Vitablocks Mark II porcelain were embedded in metal rings, leaving 7 mm of porcelain exposed above the ring surface. Samples were ground wet on 400 grit SiC paper to roughen the surface and then screened for surface defects. The five porcelain repair agents were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and matching composite stubbs, then bonded onto 15 treated porcelain surfaces, using an Ultradent mould with a diameter of 2,38 mm. All samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C before the bonds were stressed to failure, using a shear load in a Texture Analyser (TAXT2i) (Stable Micro Systems) Data was analyzed statistically (ANOVA). The effects of the pretreatments on the porcelain surfaces after treatment with the different systems were examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the modes of fracture were assessed under a light microscope. The mean SBS (MPa) for the products in descending order were: U = 26.6 1.7; V = 20.9 3.4; C = 19.4 5.3; S = 18.0 2.0 and P = 15.9 2.1. The Student-t Test revealed a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and U. There was also a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and V. Most debonded specimens showed cohesive fractures in the porcelain. Significant shear bond strength differences were observed for the different repair systems. All the systems tested can probably be used to repair Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain, with some systems providing higher bond strengths.     

不同硅烷偶联剂对瓷和树脂之间黏接强度的影响

目的：比较瓷表面不同酸蚀状态下,4种硅烷偶联剂对瓷和树脂之间黏接强度的影响。方法：将64个瓷试件按照所使用硅烷偶联剂的不同分为4组,每组包括磷酸和氢氟酸处理两个亚组。表面处理完成后将瓷试件与复合树脂黏接,测试剪切强度。结果：氢氟酸与两种双组分偶联剂相配合产生的黏接强度最高（p〈O．05）,两种单组分偶联剂与氢氟酸配合使用的效果同两种双组分偶联剂与磷酸配合使用的效果没有显著差异如〉O．05）。结论：不同种类偶联剂对瓷和树脂之间的黏接强度有明显影响,选用合适的双组分硅烷偶联剂与磷酸处理相配合,足以产生满足临床要求的黏接强度。     

不同表面处理方法对陶瓷托槽与不同瓷修复体粘结强度影响的研究

目的:评价不同瓷修复体试件经过3种表面处理方法后与陶瓷托槽粘结强度的关系。方法:钴铬烤瓷、铸瓷、锆瓷及聚合瓷4类试件经过喷砂(SB)、氢氟酸酸蚀(HFA)、喷砂+酸蚀(SB+HFA)处理后表面涂布硅烷偶联剂(SCA),再粘接陶瓷托槽,经37 ℃恒温水浴24 h 后检测粘接强度(SBS),扫描电镜观察托槽粘接前修复体表面的粗糙度及去除后修复体表面粘接剂残留情况。结果:钴铬烤瓷、铸瓷和聚合瓷试件的抗剪切强度分别与锆瓷试件比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);钴铬烤瓷和铸瓷试件的抗剪强度比较差异无统计学意义。扫描电镜结果显示4组试件表面粗糙度都有明显增加。而喷砂组和喷砂+酸蚀组试件表面的粗糙度明显高于酸蚀处理组;喷砂和喷砂+酸蚀组的表面处理效果差异不大,喷砂组的4类试件表面粘结剂残留最少。结论:3种表面处理方法均能满足临床正畸的需求。喷砂组去除托槽后对试件表面的影响最小,喷砂联合酸蚀处理并不能显著增加剪切强度。 [关键词] 陶瓷托槽 剪切强度 瓷修复体 表面处理     

Shear bond strengths of a ceramic system to alternative metal alloys

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The success of metal-ceramic restorations is influenced by the compatibility between base metal alloys and porcelains. Although porcelain manufacturers recommend their own metal systems as the most compatible for fabricating metal-ceramic prostheses, a number of alloys have been used. Purpose This study evaluated the shear bond strength between a porcelain system and 4 alternative alloys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two Ni-Cr alloys: 4 ALL and Wiron 99, and 2 Co-Cr alloys: IPS d.SIGN 20 and Argeloy NP were selected for this study. The porcelain (IPS d.Sign porcelain system) portion of the cylindrical metal-ceramic specimens was 4 mm thick and 4 mm high; the metal portion was machined to 4x4 mm, with a base that was 5 mm thick and 1 mm high. Forty-four specimens were prepared (n=11). Ten specimens from each group were subjected to a shear load on a universal testing machine using a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. One specimen from each group was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Stress at failure (MPa) was determined. The data were analyzed with a 1-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The groups, all including IPS d.Sign porcelain, presented the following mean bond strengths (+/-SD) in MPa: 4 ALL, 54.0+/-20.0; Wiron, 63.0+/-13.5; IPS d.SIGN 20, 71.7+/-19.2; Argeloy NP, 55.2+/-13.5. No significant differences were found among the shear bond strength values for the metal-ceramic specimens tested. CONCLUSION: None of the base metal alloys studied demonstrated superior bond strength to the porcelain tested.     

瓷面处理对金属托槽与瓷面粘接性能的影响

目的　研究瓷表面不同处理方法对金属托槽与瓷修复体的粘接强度及去粘接后瓷面完整性的影响。方 法　根据使用粘接剂和表面处理方法的不同,将80个瓷面随机分为8组,每组10个瓷面。分别用京津釉质粘接剂 和光固化复合树脂粘接,表面处理分别行37%磷酸酸蚀、9·6%氢氟酸酸蚀、打磨去釉、瓷面涂硅烷偶联剂4种表面 处理法。试件粘接托槽后经37℃恒温水浴24 h后测定抗剪切强度,记录去粘接后的瓷面破裂情况。对磷酸酸蚀, 氢氟酸酸蚀、打磨去釉的瓷面进行扫描电镜观察。结果　采用氢氟酸酸蚀、打磨去釉、硅烷偶联剂组的粘接抗剪切 强度明显高于磷酸酸蚀组(P<0·01)。打磨去釉后用光固化复合树脂粘接及氢氟酸酸蚀或瓷表面涂硅烷处理后使 用任意一种粘接材料粘接均取得有效的粘接强度。各组去粘接后的瓷破裂率无显著性差异(P>0·05)。结论　氢 氟酸酸蚀、打磨去釉、瓷面涂硅烷偶联剂均可以明显增加金属托槽与瓷面之间的粘接抗剪切强度。瓷面涂硅烷偶 联剂是金属托槽与瓷面粘接时良好的表面处理剂。     

不同处理方法对瓷面与托槽粘结强度的影响

目的测定不同处理方法对瓷修复体与托槽抗剪强度的影响。方法制作金属烤瓷片,分甲、乙2组,甲组釉面作机械打磨,乙组不作处理。每组都用3种方法粘结托槽。粘结后冷热循环作抗剪强度测试,并记录托槽去除时的瓷崩情况。结果无论甲组或乙组,经酸蚀处理组的抗剪强度均显著高于非酸蚀组(P<0.05);甲组均高于乙组且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论酸蚀处理是促进瓷和托槽粘结的可靠手段,机械打磨能提高其强度,偶联剂在本实验中作用不确定。     

Effect of water storage on the silanization in porcelain repair strength

This study examined the long-term water storage affect of silanization on shear bond strength of composite resin to porcelain. One hundred and sixty square-shaped specimens were fabricated and sanded flat sequentially with silicone carbide papers. The specimens were then placed into four groups and 16 subgroups of 10 specimens each randomly. Four commercially available silane systems, two one-mix and two two-mix, were tested in this study. Teflon tubes with an internal diameter of 2.97 mm and 2 mm in height were filled with a dual cure composite resin (Mirage FLC), placed on the silanated surfaces and light-cured for 120 s. Specimens were stored in room temperature water and subjected to shear bond strength testing after 24 h, 1 week, 1 month and 3 month periods of immersion. An Instron Universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min was used for the testing. The mean values of the shear bond strengths ranged from 4.38 MPa (24-h period) to 23.90 MPa (3-month period). ANOVA and Scheffe' tests were used to analyse data with confidence level at 95%. All groups recorded an increase in bond strength after one week as compared with the 24-h period (P<0.05). With the exception of a one-mix system, all systems showed significantly higher bond strength at 3 weeks as compared with the 24-h and 1-week water storage periods. In conclusion, bond strength of composite resin to porcelain resulting from silanization of porcelain increased during the experimental period. The bond strength also varied for different silanes used in this study.