吡哆素L-2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸酯对雄性生殖毒性的作用机制

目的　研究吡哆素L 2 吡咯烷酮 5 羧酸酯 (MTDX)对雄性大鼠生殖毒性作用的机制。方法　分别用小鼠多终点体内实验和Hershberger实验观察MTDX的雌激素样作用和抗雄激素作用。在小鼠多终点体内实验中 ,摘除卵巢的NIH雌性小鼠分别每天给予MTDX 0、6 4 0、15 0 0和 4 0 0 0mg/kg,连续 5d ,观察子宫 /体重比、子宫积液、动情周期转换、子宫上皮高度及子宫基质细胞层厚度 5项指标。在Hershberger实验中 ,去势SD雄性大鼠分别每天给予MTDX 0、6 0 0和 15 0 0mg/kg ,同时给丙酸睾丸酮 12 5mg/kg,连续 10d ,测量大鼠雄激素依赖组织重量。结果　小鼠多终点体内实验中 ,MTDX6 4 0、15 0 0和 4 0 0 0mg/kg组切除卵巢小鼠的子宫 /体重比值分别为 (1 33、1 38、1 31)× 10 -4,与对照组的 1 2 2× 10 -4比较 ,差异无显著性 ;MTDX 15 0 0和 4 0 0 0mg/kg组小鼠子宫上皮细胞高度 (0 90和 1 0 3μm)和基质细胞层厚度 (3 38和 3 2 5 μm)与对照组 (0 85和 2 77μm)比较 ,均差异无显著性。在Hershberger实验中 ,MTDX 15 0 0mg/kg组大鼠的精液囊和前列腺、提肛肌、球海绵体肌的脏器系数值分别为 1 13、0 17、0 4 2 ,均显著低于对照组的 1 4 6、0 2 4、0 70 ;MTDX 6 0 0mg/kg组大鼠的精液囊和前列腺的脏器系数值为 1     

吡哆素L-2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸酯雄性生殖毒性及机制研究

目的:研究吡哆素L-2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸酯(Metadoxine,MTDX)对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性及机制。方法:灌胃染毒雄性成年SD大鼠0,250,500和1000 mg/kgMTDX,每天1次,连续4周。染毒结束后观察性腺和附属性腺脏器系数、精子质量、组织形态学和血清睾酮等指标的变化。Hershberger方法检测MTDX抗雄激素活性作用:40只4周龄雄性SD大鼠行双侧睾丸切除手术,2周后,除1组皮下注射花生油并灌胃给予蒸馏水外,其余3组去势大鼠每天皮下注射丙酸睾酮(TP,1 mg/kg),并同时灌胃给予蒸馏水或MTDX(500,1000 mg/kg),连续7 d,观察雄激素依赖组织重量的变化。对体外培养睾丸碎块合成睾酮的影响:利用离体组织培养和放射免疫技术,观察不同浓度MTDX对体外培养睾丸碎块合成睾酮的影响。结果:1000 mg/kg剂量组大鼠睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊腺脏器系数明显降低;精子数量和精子存活率减少,精子活力降低,精子畸形率增高,血清T无变化;500 mg/kg剂量组在睾丸相对重量、精子数量和精子活力方面与对照组比较有显著性差异。在Hershberger实验中,1000 mg/kg组大鼠的精囊腺、前列腺以及球海绵体肌的脏器系数值均显著低于对照组。MTDX各剂量组睾丸培养液中睾酮的含量与对照组相比均没有显著性差异。结论:MTDX能引起雄性大鼠生殖毒性,这种毒性作用可能与其具有抗雄激素样作用有关。     

三唑磷杀虫剂的亚慢性毒性研究

[目的]研究三唑磷杀虫剂对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用。[方法]设4组，每组13只雌性和13只雄性别大鼠连续13周分别以含三唑磷0、1、20、400mg/kg摄食染毒，观察大鼠一般状况、体重及饲料、水消耗状况，并于第7和13周分别取大鼠的尿分析尿常规指标，于第13周取大鼠的血分析血常规和生化指标；于染毒后第2、4、6、13周分别取大鼠的血液分析其全血胆碱酯酶活性；于染毒后第13周处死全部大鼠，取其脏器称重计算脏器系数，并通过病理组织检查分析对脏器的损害情况。[结果]各剂量组大鼠13周内均无死亡。400mg/kg剂量组大鼠的体重明显低于对照组，肝脏脏器系数以及血碱性磷酸酶、甘油三酯指标明显高于对照组。20、400mg/kg组的红细胞数和血红蛋白数明显低于对照组。胆碱酯酶活性4周时400mg/kg剂量组雌鼠抑制率37．1％，雄鼠抑制串29．2％；20mg/kg剂量组雌鼠抑制率15．7％，雄鼠抑制率13．2％；6周时1mg/kg剂量组雌鼠抑制率12％，雄鼠抑制率6．9％。[结论]大鼠13周连续摄入400mg/kg剂量的三唑磷对体重和肝脏有轻微影响。三唑磷最低观察到毒作用剂量为20mg/kg，最大未观察到毒作用剂量为1mg/kg。     

2-（2H-1，2，3-苯并三氮唑-2-基）-4-甲基-6-（2-甲基丙烯-2-基）苯酚的生殖和发育毒性试验研究

目的对2-（2H-1,2,3-苯并三氮唑-2-基）-4-甲基-6-（2-甲基丙烯-2-基）苯酚（1）的生殖发育毒性进行研究,为进一步风险评价提供依据。方法采用《化学品测试方法》（国家环保总局）中生殖和发育毒性筛选试验方法对化学物1进行生殖发育毒性试验研究。SPF级健康昆明种小鼠120只（雌、雄各60只）,动物适应性饲养5 d后进行试验,按照0、146、292、584 mg/kg剂量经口灌胃染毒2周后,雄、雌（1：1）单笼交配,雌鼠阴栓阳性日为妊娠0 d,持续染毒至产后4 d;雄鼠交配后持续染毒2周。称量记录体重、进食量、身长、尾长、性别比,计算繁殖指数;称量生殖器官重量并进行病理组织学检查。结果584 mg/kg剂量组雄性小鼠第5、6周体重、第6周进食量均低于对照组;雌性小鼠子宫重量和子宫/体重比值均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;仔鼠第0天体重、身长、尾长均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。292 mg/kg剂量组雄性小鼠睾丸重量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。雌性小鼠妊娠后第2周进食量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。146 mg/kg剂量组雌性小鼠妊娠第2周进食量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论化学物1对昆明种小鼠生殖发育毒性的NOAEL雌雄均为146 mg/kg。     

β-内酰胺酶对SD大鼠致畸作用的研究

目的:研究β-内酰胺酶对SD大鼠母体及胚胎的毒性和致畸性。方法:参照GB15193-2003。将交配成功的SD雌鼠随机分为4组,每组15只。设β-内酰胺酶1.25 ml/kg、2.5 ml/kg、5.0 ml/kg体重三个剂量组及对照组,于妊娠7 d～16 d连续灌胃给药,每天1次。实验期间记录母鼠一般状况、妊娠期体重,妊娠20 d剖检母鼠,检查窝仔参数、胎仔参数及胎仔形态的变化。结果:在本研究剂量范围内,β-内酰胺酶各剂量组孕鼠的生殖能力、胚胎形成和胎鼠外观、骨骼及内脏生长发育与阴性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在本实验条件下,未见β-内酰胺酶有明显的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性。     

小剂量氯化汞对小鼠的生殖毒性

目的观察小剂量氯化汞对雄性小鼠生殖功能的毒性作用以及氯化汞对小鼠精子数量和质量的影响。方法雄性ICR小鼠随机分为4组:阴性对照组,0.25、0.50、1.00mg/kg氯化汞组。分别以0.25、0.50、1.00mg/kg氯化汞腹腔染毒4周龄雄性小鼠每3天1次,共10次。50d后以雌雄2∶1合笼交配,观察雌鼠受孕率、生育子胎数、胎鼠重量,同时测定睾丸指数、附睾精子数量、精子活动率和精子畸形率。结果对照组、0.25、0.50和1.00mg/kg组合笼1周雌鼠受孕率分别为100%、100%、83.33%和66.67%,合笼3周雌鼠受孕率分别为100%、100%、83.33%和75%;其中1.00mg/kg组1周雌鼠受孕率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。以上各组母鼠生育子胎数分别为127、142、113、95只,异常妊娠率分别为0%、1.41%、2.65%和4.21%;1.00mg/kg组异常妊娠率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。0.50、1.00mg/kg组附睾精子数显著低于对照组和0.25mg/kg组(P<0.05);0.25、0.50、1.00mg/kg组睾丸指数、精子活动率与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)附睾精子畸形率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论1.00mg/kg氯化汞染毒可降低雄性小鼠生育力,增加了受孕雌鼠异常妊娠率。氯化汞引起的这种雄性小鼠生育力的降低、异常妊娠率的增高可能与精子畸形率增高和精子数量下降有关。     

杭州湾南岸滩涂沉积物中POPs混合物对小鼠的生殖毒性作用

目的研究杭州湾南岸滩涂沉积物中POPs混合物对小鼠的生殖毒性作用. 方法选择健康清洁级性成熟ICR小鼠80只,体重22-26g,随机分为30,100,300mg/kg三个剂量染毒组和一个溶剂对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半,进行一代生殖毒性试验.采用灌胃方式进行染毒(10 ml/kg),雄鼠染毒6周,进行精子畸形测定.雌鼠染毒2周后,雌雄小鼠按1:1同笼交配,交配时间为2周,观察交配率及受孕率.孕鼠在妊娠19天解剖,观察黄体数,着床数,活胎数,死胎数,吸收胎数,每窝胎仔平均胎长,胎重,胎盘重.结果 当混合物染毒剂量为100 mg/kg和300mg/kg 时,精子畸形率明显升高(P<0.05),剂量达到300mg/kg时生育率,妊娠率,活胎率,平均胎长和胎仔重降低(P<0.05),而着床前死亡率,死胎率升高(P<0.05).结论 滩涂沉积物中POPs混合物在剂量达到300mg/kg时对小鼠产生明显的生殖和发育毒性.     

饮水硼对大鼠肾上腺组织结构的影响

目的研究饮水添加不同水平硼对大鼠肾上腺的平均质量、器官指数及微细结构的影响。方法选用192只(28±2)天清洁级SD大鼠,分为对照组和40、80、160、320和640mg/L硼染毒组,每组32只,雌雄各半,染毒组饮水添加硼酸,对照组饮用蒸馏水,试验期60天。分别于试验的第30天和60天每组随机取鼠16只,雌雄各8只,解剖取肾上腺称重并取材,石蜡切片,HE染色及嗜铬细胞特染,显微观察与摄影。结果试验30天各染毒组雄鼠的肾上腺平均质量均显著或极显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验60天640mg/L染毒组雄鼠的肾上腺器官指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。40mg/L染毒组肾上腺组织结构较对照组有明显改善,髓质细胞内嗜铬颗粒明显增多;80～640mg/L染毒组肾上腺可见不同程度病理组织学变化,病变程度随硼添加量增大而趋于严重;比较观察发现,肾上腺髓质细胞的损伤先于皮质出现,雄鼠的病变较雌鼠明显。结论饮水添加硼40mg/L对大鼠肾上腺的组织结构有较明显改善作用;添加80～640mg/L硼对肾上腺组织结构则有不同程度损伤,甚至有明显毒性作用。     

粉唑醇原药的亚慢性经口毒性研究

目的研究粉唑醇原药亚慢性经口毒性作用,初步分析染毒后对大鼠血液、肝和肾功能的影响。方法按照GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》的要求进行实验,将80只清洁级SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,每组20只,雌雄各半。分别用含37.5、150和600 mg/kg粉唑醇的饲料连续喂饲染毒90 d。观察各组大鼠的临床表现、摄食量、体重,实验结束时测定相关血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器重量、脏器系数及病理组织学改变。结果雌鼠各组实际染毒剂量分别为2.8、12.2、47.2 mg/kg,雄鼠各组实际染毒剂量分别为2.8、11.3、47.1 mg/kg。试验期间,各剂量组雌、雄鼠活动、进食、饮水基本正常,未见明显中毒表现。与相应对照组相比,高剂量组雄鼠白细胞计数(WBC)显著降低。中、高剂量组大鼠尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)显著升高,高剂量组雌鼠总胆红素(TBIL)升高;中、高剂量组雌鼠天冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)显著升高;各剂量组雌、雄鼠各脏器重量和脏器系数与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)或无生物学意义。大体解剖未见明显异常,粉唑醇原药未引起SD大鼠各脏器病理性改变。结论粉唑醇原药长期暴露对大鼠的血液、肝、肾具有毒性作用和潜在的致病风险。其对雌、雄SD大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验的最大无作用剂量均为2.8 mg/(kg bw·d)。     

萘对CD-1种小鼠的毒性:一般毒理学和免疫毒理学

作者用 CD-1利小鼠,以玉米油为溶剂,按10mg/kg 体重等容量经口染毒,对萘做了综合毒性试验。急性毒性雌、雄小鼠分别设5个剂量组(200、 400、 600、 800、 1000 mg/kg)。算得LD_(50) 雄鼠为533mg/kg,雌鼠为710mg/kg;后三组小鼠均出现上险下垂,眼周有红色分泌     

4-壬基酚、双酚A对幼雌SD大鼠生殖器官的拟雌激素样作用探讨

目的检测4-壬基酚(4-NP)、双酚A(BPA)对幼雌SD大鼠的拟雌激素样作用和内分泌干扰作用。方法以21日龄雌性SD大鼠为实验对象,选取4-NP和BPA为染毒物质,均设高中低剂量,连续喂饲3天,于末次给药后24h处死。以子宫湿重、脏器系数、子宫内膜及平滑肌增生程度和细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)的蛋白表达作为检测指标,采用单因素方差分析方法进行统计。结果染毒动物实验结果显示,高中剂量的4-NP(200mg/kg和100mg/kg)和BPA(600mg/kg和400mg/kg)能够使染毒动物的子宫湿重及脏器系数明显增加(P<0.01),并且具有一定的剂量-效应关系;4-NP和BPA高、中、低剂量都能够使子宫内膜上皮增高,平滑肌增厚,PCNA蛋白表达增强(P<0.05)。结论动物染毒实验进一步证实了4-NP、BPA作为环境内分泌干扰物的拟雌激素作用及其剂量-效应关系。     

Chrysotile asbestos in kidney cortex of chronically gavaged rats

Using the transmission electron microscope, asbestos fibers have been assessed in kidney cortex of four groups of rats previously exposed to intermediate range feeding grade chrysotile asbestos. Newborn rats, from mothers gavaged with asbestos during pregnancy, were gavaged twice a week at the dose level of 50 mg/kg beginning at age day 7 until their natural death or sacrifice. Four groups of rats consisted of ages ranging from 0–200, 200–400, 400–600 and 600–800 days. Of the 20 rats comprising the four test groups, 17 were positive, average fibers recovery being 5.34 × 10³/mg dry weight. Average fiber level in control tissues was 0.23 × 10³/mg dry weight. Fiber recovery in tissues from control animals was shown to be significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that from test tissues. Test groups showed highly significant differences (P < 0.005) from each other in the fiber levels. Dose-response relationship was not significant (0.05 < P < 0.1). The length distribution and the alterations in morphology of the recovered fibers are described. This study is consistent with the passage of chrysotile asbestos across the gastrointestinal wall.     

Nitrogen metabolism and urinary excretion of purines in goat kids

1. In Expt 1 three male goat kids of the Swedish Landrace breed were bottle-fed on isoenergetic liquid diets composed of goat's milk alone or substituted with 200, 400, 600 and 800 ml of a nitrogen-free liquid diet/l. The goat kids were 3 weeks old at the start of the experiment and weighed on average 5.3 (SD 0.22) kg. The experiment lasted for 45 d divided into nine 5 d periods. The goat kids were kept individually in metabolism cages, and faeces and urine were collected daily. 2. In Expt 1 there was a significant (P less than 0.001) relation between N intake and N retention, with an estimated (extrapolation) basal N excretion of 211 mg N/kg metabolic live weight (W0.75). While the creatinine excretion remained fairly constant (19.9 mg/W0.75), there was a tendency for both the allantoin and uric acid excretions to change with N intakes. Hypoxanthine showed no consistent excretion pattern, and xanthine could not be detected. 3. In Expt 2 three male goat kids of the Swedish Landrace breed were used to study the effect of level of intake on N and purine metabolism. The first experimental period (period 1) started at 2 weeks of age (5.5 kg live weight) and the second experimental period (period 2) at 9 weeks of age (9.8 kg live weight). The goat kids were bottle-fed on goat milk at intended intakes of 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kJ gross energy/kg W0.75. Each treatment was given for 7 d with adaptation for 3 d and collections for 4 d. 4. In Expt 2 there were significant (P less than 0.001) increases in both live weight and N retention when level of intake was increased. With increasing N intakes both total N and urea-N excretions increased significantly (P less than 0.05). The proportions of urea-N and ammonia-N were fairly constant within periods, and were on average respectively 0.81 and 0.059 in period 1 and 0.84 and 0.068 in period 2. There was no significant effect of treatment on the urinary excretion of allantoin, hypoxanthine, xanthine and creatinine. In period 2 uric acid excretion was significantly (P less than 0.01) affected by the treatments. 5. From the presented findings it is concluded that the endogenous urinary excretion of purine derivatives in a young growing ruminant was only marginally affected by large variations in protein supply, and also by the level of intake of milk.     

细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5/p35在2,5-己二酮中毒大鼠神经组织中的表达

目的 探讨细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(CDK5)在2,5-己二酮(HD)中毒性周围神经病发病过程中的作用.方法 30只雄性Wistar大鼠,随即分为对照组、200mg/kg HD染毒组和400mg/kg HD染毒组,每组10只.染毒途径为腹腔注射,每周5次,连续8周,建立HD中毒性神经病模型.利用Western blotting方法检测大脑、脊髓和坐骨神经胞浆蛋白和膜蛋白中CDK5、p35和p25的相对含量.结果 与对照组相比,P35蛋白含量在200、400mg/kg HD染毒大鼠大脑和脊髓胞浆蛋白组分中明显降低,而在脊髓和坐骨神经膜蛋白组分中含量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);p25变化趋势与p35基本一致.CDK5在200、400mg/kg HD染毒大鼠大脑胞浆和膜蛋白中均明显下降;除坐骨神经膜蛋白组分中未检出外,在脊髓和坐骨神经中CDK5含量明显升高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 HD中毒后大鼠神经组织中CDK5及其激活因子p35和p25发生明显改变,这种改变可能与HD中毒性周围同神经病的发病机制有关.     

Protective effects of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Hibiscus sabdariffa and vitamin C against radiation-induced liver damage in rats

The radioprotective efficacy of methanolic extracts of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS), and vitamin C (VIT C) against gamma radiation (4 Gy) induced liver damage was studied in male Wistar albino rats. VIT C was administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, while VA and HS were administered at doses; 200, 400 and 800-mg/kg body weight, orally for 4 weeks prior to radiation and 5 weeks after irradiation. The rats were sacrificed at 24 hours and 5 weeks after irradiation. Treatment with VIT C and VA (800 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the gamma radiation-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities at 24 hours after irradiation, whereas, HS (400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the serum ALT activity only. Similarly, treatment with VIT C and VA (800 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the serum conjugated bilirubin levels by 56% and 29%, respectively at 24 hours. Furthermore, VIT C, VA and HS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities at 24 hours. Treatment for 5 weeks after irradiation with VITC, VA and HS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, while VIT C and VA alone decreased the levels of conjugated bilirubin. Furthermore, treatment with VA (400 and 800 mg/kg) decreased the serum ALT activities by 25% and 34%, respectively, at 5 weeks after irradiation. Similarly, alkaline phosphatase and LPO levels were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated following treatment with VIT C and VA (400 and 800 mg/kg) at 5 weeks after irradiation. In addition, treatment with VIT C, VA (800 mg/kg) and HS (400 and 800 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) by 61%, 56%, 41% and 44%, respectively, at 5 weeks. Similar elevation of antioxidant enzymes; SOD, glutathione-s-transferase and catalase were obtained in animals treated with VIT C and extracts at 5 weeks. Taken together, the results suggest that the extracts of VA and HS, and VIT C could increase the antioxidant defense systems and may probably protect animals from radiation-induced liver damage.     

天然除虫菊酯的免疫毒性

目的　检测天然除虫菊酯的免疫毒性。方法　设对照组和 3个剂量组。SD大鼠经口染毒 3个月。分别检测白细胞总数、分类及免疫器官脏 /体比和组织病理学检查。结果　与对照组相比 ,各剂量组白细胞总数、分类及免疫器官脏 /体比 ,其差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。免疫器官组织病理学检查 ,未观察到明显组织病理学改变。结论　天然除虫菊酯经口染毒 3个月 ,未观察到明显的免疫毒性效应。     

拟除虫菊酯对大鼠脑黑质纹状体系统多巴胺及其代谢产物的影响

目的 初步探讨拟除虫菊酯类农药对雄性SD大鼠脑黑质纹状体多巴胺(DA)系统的毒性作用及其可能机制。方法 采用不同剂量的溴氰菊酯(DM,6.25、12.50 mg/kg)、氯菊酯(PM,200、400mg/kg)给雄性SD大鼠连续10 d经口灌胃给药后,HPLC荧光检测法分别检测其脑黑质、纹状体内DA及其代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙酸(HVA)的含量。结果 给药各组大鼠纹状体内DA含量都有不同程度的下降,且12.50 mg/kg DM组(6.14±0.57μg/g湿重)与对照组(9.46±1.95 μg/g湿重)的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);200、400 mg/kg PM组和6.25、12.50 mg/kgDM 4个组的DA更新率[(DOPAC HVA)/DA]与对照组相比,分别增加了133.33％、166.67％、166.67％和266.67％,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);而黑质内DA及其代谢产物水平均无明显变化。结论 DM可能抑制酪氨酸羟化酶合成DA,使其在纹状体内的含量下降,PM和DM都可以加强DA的代谢。     

Protective effect of Cordyceps militaris extract against bisphenol A induced reproductive damage

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) against reproductive damage induced by bisphenol A (BPA). Rats were administrated 200 mg/kg BPA for 4 weeks and treated with C. militaris (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight/day). By the end of the fourth week, the level of oxidative damage, sperm parameters, hormone levels, and histopathological changes were examined. In the group that only received BPA, there was a signi?cant decrease in body weight compared with the normal control (NC) group. C. militaris signi?cantly alleviated the BPA-induced reproductive damage by increasing testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione (GSH); as well as by reducing serum malondialdehyde (MDA). C. militaris not only obviously enhanced the levels of serum LH and T, but it also improved the sperm count and motility compared to the BPA-treated group. These results suggest that C. militaris could be used as a potential natural substance for preventing BPA induced reproductive damage.

Abbreviations BPA: bisphenol A; SOD: superoxide dismutase; GSH: glutathione; GSH-PX: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde; ROS: reactive oxygen species; T: testosterone; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; UPLC: ultra performance liquid chromatography; RIA: radioimmunoassay; qRT-PCR: quantitative real time PCR; NC: normal control group; BPA: 200 mg/kg BPA administered group; H: 800 mg/kg C. militaris extract administered group; LB, MB, and HB: 200 mg/kg BPA + 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg C. militaris administered group, respectively; VeB: 200 mg/kg BPA + 300 mg/kg Vitamin E administered group; Star: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; 3β-HSD: 3beta-hydroxyl-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase; CYP11A1: cytochrome P 450 family 11 subfamily A member 1; CYP17A1: cytochrome P 450 family 17 subfamily A member 1