赤苷脉通注射液的致突变研究

目的探讨中药制剂赤苷脉通注射液的致突变性。方法采用鼠伤寒沙门氏组氨酸营养缺陷型菌株回复突变实验(Ames实验)、中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞(CHL)染色体畸变实验和小鼠骨髓微核实验来检测赤苷脉通注射液的致突变作用。结果 Ames实验中,赤苷脉通注射液在312.5～5 000μg.皿-1剂量范围内,无论加或不加S9,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102和TA1535 5株菌的回复突变菌落数均未出现剂量依赖性的增加;染色体畸变实验中,非活化条件或代谢活化条件下,药物质量浓度为1 200,600和300μg.mL-1时,细胞的染色体畸变率均未出现剂量依赖性增加;微核实验中,在1 150,575和287.5mg.kg-1剂量组中均未见骨髓中含微核的嗜多染红细胞数增加。结论在该实验室条件下,Ames实验、CHL细胞染色体畸变实验和小鼠骨髓微核实验结果均为阴性,即中药制剂赤苷脉通注射液无潜在的遗传毒性。     

偏二甲基肼诱发中国仓鼠肺细胞非整倍体

偏二甲基肼诱发中国仓鼠肺细胞非整倍体１楼铁柱王琼高沛永（军事医学科学院放射医学研究所，北京１００８５０）偏二甲基肼（ｕｎｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｈｙｄｒａｚｉｎｅ，ＵＤＭＨ）是一种液体火箭推进剂，不仅在航天事业中有重要用途，也广泛应用于...     

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠抑制顺铂的致突变作用

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（ＤＤＴＣ）能明显抑制顺铂诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＴＡ１００，ＴＡ９８回变，有Ｓ９代谢活化系统时抑制作用增强，１６０．７４μｇ／ｐｌａｔｅＤＤＴＣ对０．２５～２．００μｇ／ｐｌａｔｅ顺铂抑制率为８７．４％～９５．７％（ＴＡ１００）和８９．４％～１０５．５％（ＴＡ９８）．小鼠ｉｐ顺铂１．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，２４ｈ重复ｉｐ１次，每次给顺铂后１ｈｉｐＤＤＴＣ４００～８００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１或同时ｉｇＤＤＴＣ７５０～１５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１．可显著降低顺铂诱发小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核的形成．体内外实验结果表明ＤＤＴＣ可降低顺铂的致突变作用     

Genotoxicity testing of sodium formononetin-3′-sulphonate (Sul-F) by assessing bacterial reverse mutation,chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus tests

As part of a safety evaluation, we evaluated the potential genotoxicity of sodium formononetin-3′-sulphonate (Sul-F) using bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberrations detection, and mouse micronucleus test. In bacterial reverse mutation assay using five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535), Sul-F (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 μg/plate) did not increase the number of revertant colonies in any tester strain with or without S9 mix. In a chromosomal assay using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (CHL) cells, there were no increases in either kind of aberration at any dose of Sul-F (400, 800, and 1600 μg/mL) treatment groups with or without S9 metabolic activation. In an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test in ICR mice, Sul-F at up to 2000 mg/kg (intravenous injection) showed no significant increases in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, and the proportion of immature erythrocytes to total erythrocytes. The results demonstrated that Sul-F does not show mutagenic or genotoxic potential under these test conditions.     

Developmental toxicity and genotoxicity studies of wogonin

We studied the developmental toxicities and genotoxic potency of a widely bioactive plant medicine-wogonin in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo developmental experiments, high dose of wogonin (40mg/kg, intravenous injection) significantly induced the maternal weight gains and affected fetus including bodyweight, resorptions, live birth index and fetal skeletal alterations. In Ames test, no concentration-dependently increased TA98, TA100, and TA102 revertants were detected in wogonin groups whether in presence of metabolic activating enzymes or not. In the chromosome aberration test, wogonin dose-dependently increased structural chromosomal aberrations in CHL cells both with and without S9, even the effect was all judged (-). In micronucleus assay, no significant changes of MNPCE/PCE and PCE/NCE were found on mouse bone marrow micronucleus in wogonin groups. We concluded that wogonin induced developmental toxicities on pregnant mice and fetus, and the genotoxicities were positive. However no significant malformation was observed and only in vitro potency of chromosome aberration was weak, which suggested us wogonin could be a relatively safe drug in clinic.     

三-(2-甲基-1-氮丙啶)磷化氧对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的体外诱变性

以中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞为材料,检测了三-(2-甲基-1氮丙啶)磷化氧(MAPO)的诱变作用,结果表明,在加S9活化与不加S9活化条件下,MAPO在0.1～50.0μg·ml~1浓度范围内,可诱发CHO细胞姐妹染色单体互换率及染色体畸变率升高而在1.0～100.0μg·ml~1浓度范围内,可引起微核率明显升高,并诱发次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶位点发生正向突变,所有结果均具有较好的剂量反应关系,表明MAPO具有很强的诱变作用。     

毛细管色谱法测定替莫唑胺酯中的有机溶剂残留量

目的建立毛细管气相色谱法测定替莫唑胺酯中的有机溶剂残留量。方法采用INNOWax毛细管气相色谱柱、FID检测器,以乙腈为内标进行测定。结果正己醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、正己烷、吡啶的线性范围分别为25～400μg.L-1(r=0.999 6)、25～400μg.L-1(r=0.999 9)、25～400μg.L-1(r=0.999 9)、25～400μg.L-1(r=0.999 7)、1.45～23.2μg.L-1(r=0.999 8)和1～16μg.L-1(r=0.999 3);正己醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、正己烷、吡啶的平均回收率分别为99.7%、100.3%、100.2%、100.4%、99.9%和100.3%;RSD分别为1.11%、1.43%、1.47%、1.37%、1.59%和1.47%(n=9)。结论该方法简单、灵敏、准确、重现性好,适用于替莫唑胺酯中的有机溶剂残留量的测定。     

Genotoxicity evaluation for single‐walled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays

The genotoxicity of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was determined using a battery of genotoxicity assays, comprising a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test and a mammalian erythrocytes micronucleus test. SWCNTs had no mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 or TA1537, or in E. coli WP2uvrA, in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. SWCNTs did not increase the number of structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations after short‐term or continuous exposure. In the micronucleus test using CD‐1 mice, SWCNTs did not affect the proportion of immature erythrocytes, the total proportion of erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes. SWCNTs appear not to pose a genotoxic risk. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

芬太尼对人外周血NF-κB活性的影响

目的　验证芬太尼是否影响免疫炎症反应中的某些因素 ,如同吗啡。方法　外周血取自 7个正常志愿者 ,实验分为正常对照组、芬太尼 ( 2 0 μg·L-1和 2mg·L-1)组、模型组(脂多糖 ,LPS组 )和治疗组 (芬太尼 2 0 μg·L-1+LPS、芬太尼 2mg·L-1+LPS)。用流式细胞术检测人外周血中性粒细胞和单核细胞中核因子(NF κB)活性 ,用ELISA检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)和白介素 6(IL 6)含量。结果　芬太尼组NF κB活性及TNF α和IL 6含量与正常对照组比较 ,均无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组 (芬太尼 2 0 μg·L-1+LPS、芬太尼 2mg·L-1+LPS)中NF κB的活性分别为 81 .9% ,76.1 % (中性粒细胞 )和 78.6% ,72 .6%(单核细胞) ,明显低于模型组 88.9%和 85 .1 % (P <0 .0 1 )。TNF α含量在治疗组 (芬太尼 2 0 μg·L-1+LPS、芬太尼 2mg·L-1+LPS)为 45 9和 3 5 7ng·L-1,IL 6为 796和 72 0ng·L-1,两者均低于模型组 (其中TNF α为 1 2 2 6ng·L-1,IL 6为 1 5 63ng·L-1) (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　芬太尼对NF κB的活性及TNF α和IL 6的含量无影响 ,但可抑制LPS诱导的NF κB的活性及TNF α和IL 6的含量 ,且高剂量芬太尼的抑制作用大于低剂量芬太尼的作用     

The genotoxicity of diaveridine and trimethoprim

We examined the genotoxicity of diaveridine and trimethoprim in the bacterial umu test, the bacterial reverse mutation test, the in vitro chromosome aberration test, the in vivo rodent bone marrow micronucleus test in two species, and the in vivo comet assay in five mouse organs. Both compounds were negative in the umu test (Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002) and in the reverse mutation tests (S. typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, TA102, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101) in the presence and absence of S9 mix. Diaveridine induced structural chromosome aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster CHL cells in the absence of a metabolic activation system, but not in the presence of a liver S9 fraction. No clastogenic activity in CHL cells was detected for trimethoprim. Bone marrow micronucleus tests in mice and rats conducted on diaveridine by single- and triple-oral dosing protocols were negative. The comet assay revealed that a single oral administration of diaveridine significantly induced DNA damage in liver, kidney, lung, and spleen cells, but not in bone marrow cells. The significant increase in migration values of DNA was reproducible with dose-response relationship. We suggest that the liver detoxifies the compound before it reaches the bone marrow, and that is why it is negative in the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test. We concluded that diaveridine is genotoxic to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo.     

Mutagenicity of recombinant antihemophilic factor (GC-gamma AHF)

This study was carried out to evaluate the mutagenic potential of recombinant antihemophilic factor VIII (GC-gamma AHF). Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) reversion assay with/without histidine moiety, chromosomal aberration assay on Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells and in vivo micronucleus assay using mouse bone marrow cells and supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood were performed. GC-gamma AHF containing histidine did show inconsistent and irregular mutagenic effects on S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 both in the absence and presence of the metabolic activation system, however, GC-gamma AHF without histidine showed no mutagenic effects regardless of the metabolic activation system, thus suggesting that the histidine moiety in GC-gamma AHF might cause inconsistent mutagenic effect. Also GC-gamma AHF did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in the cytogenetic test. In classical and supravital micronucleus assay, no significant increases were observed in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated peripheral lymphocytes in male ICR mice. These results strongly indicate that GC-gamma AHF has no genetic toxicity under these experimental conditions.     

Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of single-wall carbon nanotubes by using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays

The genotoxic potential of a high purity sample of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was evaluated using a battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays. These comprised a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test), an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. The SWCNTs exerted no genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, or in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101, whether in the absence or presence of metabolic activation and at concentrations of 12.5–500 μg/plate. In the chromosomal aberration test, at 300–1000 μg/mL, the SWCNTs did not increase the number of structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations, whether the test was conducted with or without metabolic activation. In the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test, doses of 60 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg SWCNTs did not affect the proportions of immature and total erythrocytes, nor did it increase the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of mice. The results of these studies show that the high purity and well-dispersed sample of SWCNTs are not genotoxic under the conditions of the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, or in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test, and thus appear not to pose a genotoxic risk to human health in vivo.     

槲皮素及阿司匹林对血小板与中性粒细胞相互作用的影响

采用血小板聚集及血小板与中性粒细胞形成玫瑰花结试验探讨槲皮素及阿司匹林对血小板与中性粒细胞相互作用的影响. 结果表明,家兔中性粒细胞可抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集,槲皮素(0.3-100 μmol·L^-1)及阿司匹林(0.4-3.3 mmol·L^-1)可增加中性粒细胞对血小板的抑制作用. 当中性粒细胞被乙酸肉豆寇佛波醇(PMA 100 μg·L^-1)激活时,此抑制作用消失. 槲皮素 (3 μmol·L^-1)可对抗PMA激活中性粒细胞. 即使无中性粒细胞存在,阿司匹林亦可抑制血小板的聚集,但单独槲皮素却不抑制血小板聚集. 槲皮素(3-300 μmol·L^-1)及阿司匹林(0.4-3.3 mmol·L^-1)可浓度相关性地抑制凝血酶激活的血小板与中性粒细胞的粘附.     

Genotoxicity studies of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090)

Cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090), a new non-ester type of orally active cephem antibiotic synthesized in Shionogi Research Laboratories, was evaluated for its genotoxic potential using three assay systems. In a reverse mutation test with bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA using the preincubation method, the number of revertant colonies in the S-1090 treated plates was almost equal to that in the negative control plates in all strains with and without metabolic activation system with S9 mix (maximum dose, 100 micrograms/plate in TA98). In a chromosomal aberration test with cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU), S-1090 did not induce structural chromosome aberrations or polyploid cells either in the absence or presence of S9 mix up to the 50% growth inhibition doses. The potential of inducing clastogenicity and/or disruption of mitotic apparatus in vivo by S-1090 was evaluated by a micronucleus test with bone marrow cells of male Jc1:ICR mice. S-1090 suspended in 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose was administered by oral gavage up to 2000 mg/kg/day in single and double dosing groups. No induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed 24 hr after the last dosing in each group. As all three genotoxicity tests showed negative responses, S-1090 is thought to have no genotoxic potential.     

Evaluation of genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays

The genotoxic potential of two products of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (coded as N-MWCNTs, diameter of 44 nm/BET surface area of 69 m²/g and MWNT-7, diameter of 70 nm/BET surface area of 23 m²/g) was evaluated using a battery of genotoxicity assays, comprising a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a mammalian erythrocytes micronucleus test. Neither type exerted mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, or in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. The products of MWCNTs did not increase the number of structural chromosomal aberrations either, regardless of metabolic activation, though they increased the number of numerical chromosomal aberrations, one slightly and the other distinctly, in the absence of metabolic activation. In ICR mice, the two products did not affect the proportion of immature erythrocytes, the total proportion of erythrocytes, or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes.     

氨氯地平与比索洛尔在Beagle犬体内的药动学相互作用研究

目的探讨氨氯地平与比索洛尔联合用药时有无显著的药动学相互作用。方法采用自身对照、随机交叉试验方法,将Beagle犬分成3组,每组2条,分别按试验周期服用氨氯地平对照药物、比索洛尔对照药物以及氨氯地平与比索洛尔复方药物。采用HPLC-UV和HPLC-FLD分别测定不同时间点氨氯地平与比索洛尔的血药质量浓度,计算药动学参数。结果氨氯地平单用时ρmax为(110.2±6.3)μg.L-1,AUC0-∞为(1 984±594)μg.h.L-1;联合用药时ρmax为(102.0±23.5)μg.L-1,AUC0-∞为(2 016±394)μg.h.L-1。比索洛尔单用时ρmax为(35.77±8.17)μg.L-1,AUC0-∞为(230.2±93.9)μg.h.L-1;联合用药时ρmax为(31.74±7.57)μg.L-1,AUC0-∞为(224.8±106.1)μg.h.L-1。故与两种药物单独使用相比,联合用药时的ρmax、AUC差异没有统计学意义。结论氨氯地平与比索洛尔联合用药不存在显著的药动学相互作用。     

Evaluation of the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of ubiquinol

Ubiquinol (the reduced form of coenzyme Q(10)) is the two-electron reduction product of ubiquinone (the oxidized form of coenzyme Q(10)), and has been shown to be an integral part of living cells, where it functions as an antioxidant in both mitochondria and lipid membranes. To provide information to enable a Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) evaluation for the use of ubiquinol in selected foods, a series of Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and good laboratory practice (GLP) toxicological studies was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of Kaneka QH brand of ubiquinol. Ubiquinol did not induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA at concentrations up to 5000 mu g/plate, in either the absence and presence of exogenous metabolic activation by rat liver S9. Likewise, ubiquinol did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (CHL/IU) cells in short-term (6-h) tests with or without rat liver S9 at concentrations up to 5000 mu g/ml or in a continuous (24-h) treatment test at concentrations up to 1201 mu g/ml. Finally, no mortalities, no abnormal clinical signs, and no significant increase in chromosome damage were observed in an in vivo micronucleus test when administered orally at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day. Thus, ubiquinol was evaluated as negative in the bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and rat bone marrow micronucleus tests under the conditions of these assays.     

Safety evaluation of Elsholtzia splendens extracts: assessment of acute toxicity and mutagenicity.

Much attention is recently gained for Elsholtzia splendens extracts and issue on their usage is raised due to their biological properties. However, there is no sufficient background information on toxicological evaluation of E. splendens extracts to give an assurance of safety for developing dietary supplements and functional foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate safety on E. splendens extracts using acute oral toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, and chromosome aberration test. Total flavonoids within E. splendens were extracted with 80% of methanol by a reflux condenser. Both female and male mice were orally administrated E. splendens extracts at the dose of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day. Mutagenicity of the extracts was evaluated in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using histidine requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) and tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA). In vitro chromosome aberration assay in Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) was conducted to evaluate genotoxicity. Single administration of dose levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day to mice for 15 days did not produce any significant mortality, clinical signs, body weight loss, and gross findings. E. splendens extracts in the range of 156.3-5000 microg/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. typhimurium and E. coli with and without metabolic activation system. Any significant chromosomal aberration was not observed in CHL cells 6h after treating with the extract at the concentrations of 1250, 2500, and 5000 microg/mL in absence and presence of metabolic activation system. However, frequency of chromosomal aberration in 22 h after treatment without metabolic activation system was increased with showing a pattern of dose-response relationship. The highest concentration of 5000 microg/mL significantly induced chromosomal aberration. E. splendens extracts may induce chromosomal structure abnormality in CHL cells. This study suggests that further study is needed to assess the potential genotoxic effects of E. splendens extracts.     

柞树提取液的遗传毒性

目的 探讨柞树提取液的遗传毒性.方法 采用微核实验、精子畸形实验、Ames实验和V79细胞基因突变实验考察柞树提取液的遗传毒性.Ames实验设柞树提取液6.25,12.5,25,50和100 mg组,直接计数培养基上各菌株的回变菌落数.V79细胞基因突变实验设柞树提取液2.5,5.0和10 g·L-1组,直接观察集落数...     

菲啰啉对不同氧化剂和多柔比星所致CHL细胞DNA链断裂的影响

目的 为了研究菲啰啉对2种氧化剂和抗癌药多柔比星诱发细胞DNA损伤的影响, 并初步探讨其损伤机制。方法 用不同浓度菲啰啉预处理CHL细胞30 min, 再分别加入3种不同染毒受试物,共同培养一定时间(0.3 mmol·L^-1重铬酸钾：105 min； 0.5 μmol·L^-1多柔比星：5 min； 0.4 mmol·L^-1过氧化氢(H₂O₂)：25 min)后, 用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳方法(ASCGE)测定DNA链断裂情况, 并同时以菲啰啉与二甲亚砜(DMSO，0.33 mol·L^-1)比较对H₂O₂致DNA损伤中·OH的产生和清除。结果 3种染毒受试物均可明显引起CHL细胞DNA链断裂；而当3 μmol·L^-1菲啰啉预处理后, 可使重铬酸钾、H₂O₂所致DNA迁移长度和细胞拖尾率明显降低, 并超过DMSO降低H₂O₂的损伤作用, 当菲啰林浓度升至12 μmol·L^-1时, 可完全消除这两种因素所致的DNA链断裂损伤；10 μmol·L^-1菲啰啉可抑制多柔比星所致DNA损伤, 但浓度直至60 μmol·L^-1仍不能完全消除多柔比星的损伤作用。结论 菲啰啉对2种氧化剂和多柔比星所致DNA损伤均有不同程度的防护作用,同时提示重铬酸钾和H₂O₂所致的DNA损伤主要与需过渡金属离子参与的·OH产生有关, 而多柔比星所致损伤仅部分与此有关。